Research Progress in the Application of Medicinal Plants in

Landscape and Architecture

Jiang Qiu, Xinyuan Gao

and Xiaohui Zhang

School of ecological technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China

Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Landscape and Architecture, Landscape, Application.

Abstract:

Based on the characteristics and theoretical knowledge of different medicinal plants, this paper discusses the

research progress and resource status at home and abroad. Under the characteristics and theoretical knowledge

of different medicinal plants, we selected the landscape medicinal plants with health care effect and

ornamental value and analyzed their ornamental points and color orientation comprehensively to improve the

visual ecological effect. According to the characteristics of landscape medicinal plants, we offer some

reasonable landscape references, which are conducive to creating a sustainable human habitat environment.

It also puts forward new ideas on the application of medicinal plants in the construction of urban healthy

landscape.

1 INTRODUCTION

In ancient and modern times, Chinese and foreign

countries, medicinal plants have become

indispensable raw materials for medical care and

provide ornamental value for landscape. For

example, medicinal plants such as Chinese rose,

Paeonia lactiflora, Celebrities, Salvia miltiorrhiza

and Jasmine are all commonly used ornamental

plants. Therefore, as an important part of plant

landscaping, medicinal plants have always attracted

much attention in resource research, plant

configuration and pharmacological effects.

Because medicinal plants are more suitable for

cultivation and reproduction after cultivation and

domestication, after careful collocation by designers,

on the one hand, they can make full use of their rich

resource advantages, give full play to their variety

diversity, unique practical functions and ornamental

value, and make the facade and color of plant

landscape richer; on the other hand, it has great

application value in creating urban health-care

landscape, improving urban climate, popularizing

medicinal plants, protecting plant diversity and

stability, saving urban greening cost and soon.

Therefore, while analyzing the ornamental value of

medicinal plants at home and abroad and drawing

lessons from case experience, it is necessary to put

forward reasonable suggestions and new ideas. It is

conducive to the creation of healthy medicinal plant

landscape and its promotion in urban gardens.

2 THE IMPORTANCE OF

MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE

LANDSCAPE

2.1 Landscape

The word "landscape" can be traced back to the Bible,

which is used to describe the charming scenery of

Solomon Temple, a famous building in Jerusalem. In

China, the word "landscape" can be interpreted as

"landscape", "scenery" or "scenery"(Si 2011).

"Encyclopedia of China" explains that "landscape" is

a professional term, and both landscapes and

landscape paintings belong to "landscape". Besides

natural landscapes, there are also cultural landscapes

(Hu 1993).

2.2 The Importance of Medicinal

Plants

Medicinal plants are the raw materials of traditional

Chinese medicine products, and have irreplaceable

medicinal value. For example, their roots, stems,

flowers, leaves and fruits contain anti-inflammatory

and disinfectant phenols, antioxidant flavonoids,

anthraquinone for treating constipation, bitterness for

584

Qiu, J., Gao, X. and Zhang, X.

Research Progress in the Application of Medicinal Plants in Landscape and Architecture.

DOI: 10.5220/0011246200003443

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics (ICBEB 2022), pages 584-594

ISBN: 978-989-758-595-1

helping digestion, and volatile oils, tannins,

coumarins and anthocyanins with different drug

effects, which can play a role in preventing and

treating disease s (Luo 2009). For example,

tanshinone, a component of salvia miltiorrhiza, can

promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis and

clear away heat and toxic materials; Quercetin in

Chinese rose can inhibit influenza virus and

anthocyanin can resist oxidation. Colchicine, a

component of lily, can treat gout.

Wikipedia defines medicinal plants as "plants

with medicinal value". From the disciplinary point of

view of "Medicinal Botany", most plants in nature, if

their whole plants or parts or their physiological and

pathological products contain special substances for

preventing and treating diseases, can be called

medicinal plants (Fan et al. 2013)

2.3 Medicinal Plants and Landscape

There are many varieties of medicinal plants with

visual aesthetic value, which are colorful or graceful,

and their roots, stems, buds, leaves, flowers, fruits,

branches and stems are ornamental, which can be

used for people to enjoy, evaluate and convey the

beauty of artistic conception and have landscape

value. The landscape medicinal plants can include

woody plants (coniferous trees and shrubs, broad-

leaved trees and shrubs, and broad-leaved vines),

lianas, herbaceous plants, turf plants, etc. (Kong

2013)

In the scenery of medicinal plants, the basic

model structure of landscape ecology should also be

used, and the "patches" planted in large areas (such as

large green spaces and small street green spaces), the

"corridors" planted in narrow areas (such as

landscape promenade, highway green belts and

bridges) and the "matrix" connected with the overall

situation in relatively large areas should be

considered, and the relationship and functions among

them should be brought into full play. Enhance the

visual effect (Elizabeth 1992, Naveh and Lieberman

1984

In the design of urban healthy landscape plants, it

is necessary to screen ornamental and non-toxic

varieties according to their habits, characteristics and

efficacy, configure them into ecological plant

communities at different levels, select scattered trees,

shrubs and ground cover plants, and rationally

configure them according to their color shades and

color combinations, so as to construct the prospect,

medium scenery and background. Make the space

have a sense of hierarchy, thickness and coordination.

Combining science with artistry, let plants adorn the

environment, and the environment sets off plants,

bringing out the best in each other. Combining artistic

aesthetics with design aesthetics, the public can

appreciate the "garden art beauty" of medicinal

plants.

3 CURRENT SITUATION OF

MEDICINAL PLANT

RESOURCES IN CHINA

In 1992, China completed a national survey of

Chinese medicine resources, with a total of 11,146

species, accounting for 87% of the total Chinese

medicine resources, involving 383 families and 2,309

genera, including algae, fungi, lichens, mosses,

sugarcane and seed plants, with 80% of wild varieties

(Ding et al.). Some medicinal plants can adapt to

different ecological environments, and have both

medicinal value and high ornamental value (Luo

2009).

4 RESEARCH PROGRESS OF

MEDICINAL PLANTS IN

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

AT HOME AND ABROAD

4.1 Domestic Research Progress

4.1.1 Application of Medicinal Plants in

Ancient Gardens

China is rich in medicinal plant resources. Because of

its practicality and ornamental value, medicinal

plants have a long history in gardens (Guo 2008). In

the Neolithic Age, people discovered edible or

medicinal wild plants, and domesticated, cultivated

and cultivated them gradually, which can be called

"the earliest" garden plants. During the Yin and

Shang Dynasties, Oracle Bone Inscriptions textual

research "Liu, Sang, Bai, Xing" and other Oracle

characters, at this time, Chinese medicinal garden

plants have been recorded (Zhao 1988). During the

Han Dynasty, there were more than 3,000 kinds of

seed plants in Shanglin Yuan (Han Dynasty Royal

Gardens), including a variety of medicinal plants and

medicinal and edible plants, such as loquat, orange,

plum, orange, grape and other fruits, as well as

medicinal materials such as Rhizoma belamcandae,

ginger, magnolia bark and cassia.

According to literature records, there are 178

Research Progress in the Application of Medicinal Plants in Landscape and Architecture

585

plant names mentioned in the Book of Songs (Shang

et al. 1989). In 2017, Liu Chang 'an counted more

than 50 kinds of medicinal plants in the Book of

Songs (Liu 2017). Zhen Zhiya listed the names of 51

plant medicines in the Book of Songs in the 2nd

edition of History of Chinese Medicine. Including

sweet potato (Chinese trumpet creeper), Artemisia

(Green Artemisia), Paeonia lactiflora, Chinese

Glossy Privet, Verbena, Pepper, Papaya, Licorice,

Mulberry leaves, and Cedarwood. Bencaojing Jizhu

edited by Tao Hongjing in the Later Liang Dynasty,

aims to "All the fine and coarse are taken, and nothing

is left behind". Realgar, flax, pomegranate and grapes

produced in the Western Regions are used in gardens.

These medicinal plants also mark the grand occasion

of the exchange on the Silk Road (Tan 2016).

During the Ming Dynasty, Compendium of

Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen showed the

modern medicinal botany configuration, which

involved a wide variety of medicinal garden plants.

In Qing Dynasty, the Flower Mirror written by Chen

Haozi described the characters of some representative

horticultural plants and herbs, and detailed their

cultivation methods and medicinal values.

4.1.2 Application of Medicinal Plants In

Modern Gardens

In the modern garden period, combined with the

concept of garden plants and the value of medicinal

garden plants, medicinal plants are briefly

summarized as: not only can they be used as

protective plants and economic plants in the garden

landscape, but also have the medicinal value of

disease prevention and medical care, and their

flowers, leaves and fruits are ornamental woody and

herbaceous plants (Li and Kang 2015, Li 2007).

The earlier medicinal botanical gardens in China

include Guangxi Medicinal Botanical Garden

(opened in 1960s) and Kunming World Expo Garden

(opened in 1990s), which are widely praised by the

public because of their popular science and

ornamental value.

In this paper, the relevant theoretical researches

on the planning and design of medicinal botanical

gardens in China are summarized: in 1995, Li Tong

of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and

others elaborated on the functional zoning and

ornamental value of the medicinal botanical garden in

the Scenic Planning of the Medicinal Botanical

Garden; In 1999,Zhao Ronghua, Yunnan College of

Traditional Chinese Medicine, published

"Construction Conception and Aesthetic

Characteristics of Medicinal Botanical Garden" in

combination with Chinese classical gardening

techniques, expounding the conception and aesthetic

thoughts of medicinal botanical garden(Zhao and Luo

1999). In 2007, Meng Xinhui published Key Points

of Planning and Design of Medicinal Botanical

Garden, which expounded the layout, functional

zoning and application techniques of medicinal

botanical garden (Meng 2007). Thereafter, Articles

combined with practical cases have been published

one after another, including botanical gardens in

Beijing, Shanghai, Xi 'an, Chongqing and Sichuan,

which have carried out relevant research on

specialized gardens of medicinal plants. However,

most of these articles are practical projects, and the

planning and design theory of medicinal plants is

neglected. With the establishment of the concept of

"sustainability science"(IUCN 1991), in recent years,

the research on sustainable landscape has increased,

and the medicinal plants in landscape have begun to

be studied in more detail. Medical colleges and

Chinese medicine pharmaceutical enterprises have

opened up medicinal botanical gardens and

specialized gardens one after another, so that the

academic circles of landscape gardening and the

application practice of medicinal plants can

complement each other.

4.2 Research Progress Abroad

4.2.1 Germination Period-Roman Period

The medicinal botanical garden took shape in Roman

period. People planted medicinal plants with practical

value in the "family garden" in order to "use local

materials", including edible plants or herbs with

medicinal effects such as curing diseases and healing

wounds. Over 700 BC, Pliny (a gardener), described

that rosemary and violets exude charming fragrance

in villa gardens (Sha 2013) At this time, the most

common medicinal plants include rosemary, lily,

violet, rose and mustard (Tribe et al. 2002).

4.2.2 Development Period-Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, the gardening forms of

monasteries were gradually diversified. The "medical

garden" for healing and health care and the "kitchen

garden" for food are the origins of western medicinal

botanical gardens (Luo 2009). Building "Abbey

Garden" is convenient for people to produce

medicinal plants and spices, including vegetables,

medicinal materials and herbs for daily use (James

1998).

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4.2.3 Prosperity Period-renaissance Period

At the beginning of the 16th century, gardeners

gradually increased the comprehensive functions of

medicinal botanical gardens, and established Herb

Garden, where medicinal plants with functions of

spice, seasoning, dyeing and weaving were planted.

With the opening of the world-famous Italian

Botanical Garden of Pisa (Orto botanico di Pisa) and

Botanical Garden of Padua (Orto Botanica) to the

public, scientific research medicinal botanical

gardens are popular in Europe. Replaced the former

medicine garden and monastery garden (Jurke 2010).

The development of medical treatment has also

driven many universities to build medicinal botanical

gardens, which has the function of teaching practice

and laid a solid foundation for the development of

modern large-scale comprehensive medicinal

botanical gardens (Huang 2010).

4.2.4 Current Situation of Foreign Research

In recent years, countries have carried out research on

medicinal landscape plants. In Portugal, according to

the survey, there are 105 kinds of medicinal

landscape plants commonly used in the community,

and people widely use the pharmacology and efficacy

of medicinal plants to treat diseases (

Vinagre 2019). In

the United States, in recent years, researchers have

collected information on healthy landscape plants and

discussed with clinicians about the use and culture of

herbs. In India, the flora of medicinal plants is rich,

the heterogeneity of medicinal species in the

landscape is high, and the natural vegetation

landscape is more diverse than the plantation

landscape (K et al. 2019). Nowadays, the research

and manufacturing department of herbal medicine in

India is expanding, and medicinal plants and their

derivatives are attracting much attention. Patent

applications for cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular

diseases are increasing (Chetan et al. 2017). In Brazil,

Communities in Northeast studied the diversity of

medicinal plants from the historical changes of

Atlantic Forest landscape, and there were 66 species

of such herbs and shrubs in the area (Taline et al.

2018).

4.3 Research Progress on Breeding of

Medicinal Plants in Landscape

Architecture

4.3.1 Technique of Tissue Culture

According to statistics, at present, more than 400

kinds of medicinal garden plants in the world have

obtained asexual lines by tissue culture technology.

Through artificial pollination and fertilization in

vitro, medicinal plants, including Poppies, Lily,

Petunia hybrida and onion orchid. In vitro

fertilization can overcome mating incompatibility.

The haploid medicinal plants cultivated by anther

pollen include Petunia hybrida, Begonia, etc., which

can shorten the breeding time. At the same time, it is

beneficial to the protoplast fusion culture of plants.

At present, ornamental medicinal flowers such as

chrysanthemum and Gerbera jamesonii using this

technology have been put into the market.

4.3.2 Gene Recombination Technology

Up to now, more than 1,000 transgenic plants have

been approved for testing in the world, among which

more than 80 kinds of transgenic plants have been

obtained. In China, the commonly used medicinal

ornamental flowers such as primrose, Dragon's

month and violet have obtained the recombination of

flower color genes, and the improvement of flower

color has greatly improved the richness of landscape

colors (Guo 2004).

5 APPLICATION OF

MEDICINAL PLANTS IN

URBAN HEALTHY

LANDSCAPE

The medicinal plant varieties selected in landscape

design should have different shapes, bright colors,

ornamental or olfactory enjoyment. For example, in

street greenbelts, small gardens and courtyards, the

medicinal trees and shrubs such as osmanthus, clove,

wintersweet and dragon boat flower with health care

functions can optimize the experience of public

gardens (Song 2011).

Landscape planting should pursue a sense of

hierarchy, and the planting of groundcovers is also

essential. Medicinal ornamental flowers (including

eustoma, pansy and cockscomb) are widely used in

urban green space. Their beautiful flowers and leaves

can grow in both the north and the south, and they are

favored in the landscape. In addition, medicinal

ground cover plants with strong stress resistance are

often selected for landscapes. They can reduce the

management cost because of their strong adaptability

and vigorous vitality (Wang 2010). In this paper, the

commonly used medicinal plants in the landscape of

gardens and cities are classified as follows (among

Research Progress in the Application of Medicinal Plants in Landscape and Architecture

587

them, the concept of subshrubs and ground cover is

cross, and some woody plants and lianas are also

classified as shrubs).

5.1 Arbor Layer

5.1.1 Evergreen Medicinal Trees

Evergreen medicinal trees can keep their leaves all

year round. Because of their wide variety and long

ornamental period, they are beneficial to improve the

ecological environment and enhance the ecological

benefits. It includes balsam fir for dispelling wind and

pain, magnolia for strengthening the spleen and

relieving pain, magnolia for dispersing wind and

dispersing cold, cedar for invigorating and reducing

swelling, cough for clearing heat, oil pine for eczema

and cough, maidenhair for liver and kidney yin

deficiency, geranium for dispelling cold and relieving

pain, osmanthus for rheumatism and paralysis, and

pincushion for detoxifying and reducing swelling.

Evergreen medicinal trees are an excellent choice

as landscape street trees, which can improve the

environment, increase the green coverage and shade,

and have the functions of enjoying the shade,

reducing diffuse reflection of road surface,

preventing wind and isolating road pollution.

5.1.2 Deciduous Medicinal Trees

Deciduous medicinal trees refer to medicinal trees

whose leaves fall off and enter dormant period in

autumn and winter or dry season every year. Most of

them are shaded in summer and deciduous in autumn

and winter. Their leaves are of various shapes and

colorful, and they have great ornamental value in

autumn and October. The deciduous trees commonly

used in landscape are shown in the following table.

Table 1: Commonly used medicinal deciduous trees.

Deciduous

medicinal trees

commonly used

in landscape.

Ornamental

point

Plant name Medicinal value Scientific name

Autumn leaves

Red

fallen

leaves

Chinese tallow

tree

Treat stomach

diseases and

diarrhea

Sapium sebiferum

Lan fruit tree Root anticance

ssa sinensis

Sweetgum

Cure wedge (bad

feet

)

Liquidambar formosana

Yellow

fallen

leaves

Gingkgo

Treat chronic

tracheitis

Ginkgo biloba

Huanggeshu

Expel intestinal

arasites

Ficus virens var. suDlanceolata

Beech Jianwei Xiaoshi Fagus longipetiolata

Winter

defoliation

Backbone

and

branches

Goldenrain tree

Clearing liver

and improving

vision

Koelreuterja paniculata

Locust

Eliminating

phlegm and

relieving cough,

cooling blood

and stopping

leedin

Robinia pseudoacacia

Chinese pagoda

tree

Clear heat and

detoxicate

Sophora japonica

5.1.3 Medicinal Trees Fof Flower Viewing

Flowering medicinal trees with exotic, colourful or

fragrant flowers, such as peach and magnolia in

spring; hawthorn, magnolia, geranium, acacia and

luan in summer; and mullein and laurel in autumn.

5.2 Shrub Layer

Shrubs include small trees and shrubs, and medicinal

shrubs commonly used in landscape are shown in the

following table.

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Table 2: Commonly used medicinal shrubs.

Medicinal shrubs

commonly used

in landscape.

Ornamental point Plant name Medicinal value Scientific name

Evergreen shrubs Spring white flowers Wear a smile Huoxue yangyan

Michelia figo

Sheepberry

Summer purple flower Wild jujube

Nourishing liver and

calming heart

Ziziphus jujuba

var. spinosa

Summer purple flower Hibiscus Prevention and cure virus

Hibiscus syriacus

Wicker

Salix

microphylla

Eliminating dampness,

promoting blood

circulation and removing

lood stasis.

Salix hypoleuca

Atropurpureusfruit Mulberry

Exhausting lung, relieving

asthma, and promoting

water circulation to reduce

swelling

Loranthus

delavayi

Spadix Tuber of pinellia

Eliminate pi and dissipate

stagnation

Arisaema

ranchetianum

Purple flowers and white

flowers in spring and

summer.

(Unpeeled) Root

of herbaceous

eon

Removing blood stasis

and relieving pain

Paeonia veitchii

Blue-purple flowers in

summer

High/Noble

aspiration

Tranquilize and relieve

depression

Corydalis

alina

Summer crescent

safflower.

Dragon tooth

flowe

Sedation

Erythrina

corallodendron

Globular safflower in

summer

Chinese ephedra Xuanfei antiasthmatic

Ephedra sinica

Stapf

Ephedra sinica

Sta

Thin cylindrical stem Rush

Clearing heart fire,

promoting diuresis and

eliminating dampness

Juncus effusus

Summer lilac flowers Valerian

Expelling wind and

relieving spas

Valeriana

officinalis

Summer lilac flowers

Root of

membranous

milk vetch

Invigorate swelling and

qi,Protect liverbe diuretic

Astragalus

chinensis

Twisted branches

Vine of

multiflower

knotwee

Nourishing the blood and

tranquilization

Fallopia

multiflora

(

Thunb.

)

Harald

5.3 Ground Cover Layer

5.3.1 Herbaceous Ground Cover Medicinal

Plants

Herbaceous medicinal plants are essential elements in

landscape architecture, which can be summarized as

annual, biennial and perennial, and the ornamental

parts are mostly flowers or leaves. Considering the

planting cost and efficiency in gardening, perennial

flowers with perennial roots or bulbs are generally

selected.

1–2-year-old herbaceous ground covers such as

cosmos, pansy, malachite, perilla. Perennial herbs,

such as Daylily, Evergreen, Acorus calamus, have

strong vitality and high compatibility, and are widely

used in street green spaces and wild country parks. Its

medicinal plants should not be underestimated, for

example, Daylily can benefit water and cool blood;

Evergreen can detoxify and relieve pain; Acorus

calamus can eliminate dampness and promote blood

circulation.

Because the bulbous and perennial herbaceous

ground cover plants are easy to cultivate and various

Research Progress in the Application of Medicinal Plants in Landscape and Architecture

589

in variety, their underground parts are spherical or

blocky, which can be propagated by dividing bulbous

roots and are easy to store and transport. Commonly

used in flowering mirrors and courtyard landscaping

are iris, jade pin, maidenhair and wire fern.

5.3.2 Wood Native Medicinal Plants

Compared with herbaceous plants, woody ground

cover medicinal plants live longer. Designers choose

plants with ornamental features such as flowers,

leaves and fruits, or aromatic plants to enhance the

richness of the landscape (Liu 2009). In this paper,

the woody ground cover medicinal plants commonly

used in landscape are classified, as shown in the

following table.

Table 3: Commonly used woody ground cover medicinal plants.

Wood native medicinal

commonly used in

landscape.

Ornamental

type

Plant name Medicinal value Scientific name

Deciduous type

Flower-

watching type

Chinese rose Huoxue antiphlogistic Rosa chinensisJacq

cuckoo Analgesia and bacteriostasis

Rhododendron simsii

Planch

Leaf-viewing

type

Variegated

wood

Activate EB virus.

Codiaeum variegatum

(L.) A. Juss

Hongbeigui

Secrete cancer-promoting

substances

Excoecaria

cochinchinensis Lour

Fruit-viewing

type

Chinese holly

Reduce blood lipid and inhibit

bacteria

Ilex cornuta

Firethorn

Eliminate stagnation and stop

bleeding

Pyracantha

fortuneana (Maxim.)

Aromatic type Jasmine

Clearing away heat and

eliminating dampness

Jasminum sambac

(Linn.) Aiton

Evergreen type

Observation of

plant type

Photinia

Eliminating dampness,

promoting blood circulation

and detoxicating

Photinia serrulata

Lindl.

Pittosporum

tobira

Treat waist and knee pain and

toothache

Pittosporum tobira

Aromatic type Milan

Clear the lung and stop

polydipsia.

Aglaia odorata Lour

Fruit-viewing

type

Nandina Treat damp-heat and jaundice Nandina domestica

5.3.3 Medicinal Vine Ground Cover Plants

Lianas are an excellent choice for three-dimensional

greening, such as the combination of hedgerows with

veranda and walls. Some medicinal rattan ground

cover plants have extensive growth, high ornamental

value and strong grip on the ground, which makes the

facade landscape optimized (Zhang 2000).

Lianas which are prone to adventitious roots can

attach and grow, and have strong vitality and rapid

reproduction, and can cover the bare ground or

indecent walls. They are suitable for vertical greening

without corridors. They are used to remove blood

stasis, Ficus sicaria to dispel wind and blood stasis,

creepers to activate the tendons and reduce swelling,

and ivy to cure boredom and plague. This article

collates medicinal vine groundcovers commonly

used in the landscape. In this paper, the medicinal

rattan groundcover plants commonly used in

landscape were sorted out, as shown in the following

table.

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Table 4: Commonly used vine ground cover medicinal plants.

Medicinal vine

ground cover

plants commonly

used in landscape.

Ornamental point Plant name Medicinal value Scientific name

Evergreen vine

Viewing plants. Ivy

Eliminating wind and

dampness, promoting

blood circulation and

detumescence

Hedera nepalensis

var. sinensis (Tobl.)

Rehd

Chrysanthemum Honeysuckle/honeysuckle

Clearing away heat and

toxic materials and

resisting inflammation

Lonicera japonica

White flower Caulis trachelospermi Treat rheumatism

Trachelospennum

jasnnnoides

Viewing plants Fufangteng

Shujin Huoluo, stop

bleeding and eliminate

blood stasis

Euonymus fortunei

(Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz

Lvguo Akebia

Clearing heat and

diuresis, promoting

blood circulation and

dredging meridians

Akebia quinata

Deciduous vine

Viewing plants Ivy

Activate tendons and

reduce swelling

Parthenocissus

tricuspidata

Purple flower Chinese wistaria

Analgesic and

insecticidal

Wisteria sinensis

Orange red flower Reach the sky

Activating blood

circulation and

dispersing blood stasis

Campsis grandiflora

(Thunb.) Schum.

Viewing plants Polygonum multiflorum

Calm the nerves

Nourishing blood

Fallopia multiflora

(Thunb.) Harald

Haw Celastrus orbiculatus Treat rheumatic edema

Celastrus orbiculatus

Haw

Fruit of Chinese magnolia

vine

Treat traumatic injury

Kadsura heteroclita

Gourd fruit Small gourd Diuretic detumescence

Lagenaria siceraria

var. microcarpaHara

White flower

Climbing fig

Treat puerpera's milk

obstruction

Ficus pumila

Viewing plants Bitter gourd

Cure polydipsia and

detoxify

Momordica

charantia

Viewing plants Loofah

Channeling meridians,

relieving cough and

resolving phlegm

Luffa cylindrica

Pink purple floret Polygonum axillaris

Lishui Tonglin,

turbidity removal and

disinfestation

Polygonum plebeium

Lvguo Actinidia arguta.

Treat heat and cold

nausea

Actinidia arguta

Purple flower

(wintering at

flowering stage)

Bougainvillea

Clearing away heat and

harmonizing qi and

blood

Bougainvillea

spectabilis Willd

Research Progress in the Application of Medicinal Plants in Landscape and Architecture

591

6 THE ROLE OF MEDICINAL

PLANTS IN LANDSCAPE

6.1 Ornamental Function

Medicinal plants with ornamental fruits, leaves, buds

and flowers are generally selected in gardens, such as

fruits with special shapes, such as gourds; Unique

flowers such as Datura stramonium, Paeonia

lactiflora and Platy codon grandiflorum can create a

popular and attractive landscape.

6.2 Health Care Function

Most medicinal plants will release chemical

substances with sterilization, disease prevention and

treatment effects in their growth stage, which has

healing function and is a kind of "natural therapy"

with health care effect. People can improve their

immunity through olfaction, external therapy or

internal therapy, which is beneficial to their physical

and mental health. Such as edible and drinkable

Osmanthus, fig and hawthorn, it is fragrant and

pleasant, also can sterilize and cure diseases.

6.3 Environmental Protection

6.3.1 Purify the Air

In recent years, the application of medicinal plants in

landscape has become a new way to improve the

quality of the environment. Medicinal plants can not

only provide a large amount of oxygen through

photosynthesis, but also absorb harmful gases such as

HCl, SO2. The representative plants are hawthorn

and pomegranate which absorb SO2. HCl absorbed

cattail leaf, oleander and beauty Banana.

6.3.2 Sand Prevention and Noise Reduction

Planting medicinal trees and shrubs, such as

Cinnamomum camphora, Cedar, Osmanthus fragrans

and Ligustrum lucidum, which can be used as

afforestation belts and isolation belts under

expressways or viaducts can play a role in silencing

and preventing sand.

6.3.3 Soil Consolidation and Slope

Protection

Choose medicinal lianas with developed roots and

plant them on river banks, ponds, expressways and

under viaducts, so as to strengthen soil and protect

slope.

6.4 Science Popularization

The popular science cards and plant identification

two-dimensional codes of medicinal landscape plants

are arranged in park green spaces and special gardens

of medicinal plants, so as to popularize the names and

drug effects of medicinal plants to the public and play

a role in popular science education and promotion of

Chinese medicine culture.

7 CONCLUSIONS

Fast-paced urban life leads to the generalization of

human sub-health, the rejuvenation of patients with

hypertension and the serious mental problems.

People seek TCM health care to recuperate their

bodies. Using medicinal plants to create a new urban

health landscape, through the natural ecological

environment, the public can experience the traditional

Chinese medicine health culture (Zhao and Li 2019).

So, it is extremely necessary to study the design of

new urban healthy landscape, which can bring the

ecological and health value of medicinal plants into

full play and has broad application prospects.

7.1 According to Local Conditions,

Create a Characteristic Landscape

There are many varieties of medicinal plants with

different characteristics. Designers should create

landscapes according to their characteristics and

planting environment, and follow the principle of

"adapting to local conditions". At the same time,

considering its health, science, culture and artistry,

the medicinal plants are applied to the urban healthy

medicinal plant landscape.

7.2 Play the Role of Health Care and

Create a Healthy Landscape

Landscape design should not only consider the

ornamental value, but also benefit human health

(Shen and Su 2001). It is necessary to carry out fine

management on medicinal plants in the landscape,

such as setting up warning signs and popular science

propaganda signs (marking the therapeutic efficacy

of Chinese herbal medicines) and warning poisonous

plants (oleander and narcissus).

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7.3 Use Economic Value to Create

Sustainable Landscape

Exploring the comprehensive values of beautifying

environment, tourism culture, health care and health

care of medicinal plants is a new way to promote

sustainable economic development (Cheng 2016).

The economic benefits are enhanced through the

development and promotion of its medicinal value,

including processing herbs, extracting medicinal

perfumes and harvesting the fruits of medicinal

plants. Creating a picking medicinal garden,

combining ornamental and productive, can drive

local economic development. Therefore, the

economic value of medicinal landscape plants is a

blue ocean to be excavated.

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