The Effect of Pump House Layout and Compressor Tube Volume
Variations on Efficiency of 2 Inch Hydraulic Ram Pump Performance
Rafael Mado, Alexius Leonardo Johanis, Frans Mangngi
and Irene Budayawati
State Polytechnic of Kupang, Adi Sucipto, Kupang, Indonesia
Keywords: Effect, Hydraulic Ram Pump, Layout, Compressor Tube, Efficiency, Performance, Work.
Abstract: Water is an absolute necessity for the survival of life, because without water there will be no life in this
world. The need for water is not a problem for areas that are close to water sources or are located under
springs. In accordance with the laws of physics, water will naturally flow from a high place to a lower place,
but in reality the land surface is not always flat, there are hilly and bumpy areas. If the area is higher than
the water source, it will be difficult to get a sustainable water supply. One of the efforts to fulfill water
needs in locations that are higher than the springs is by using a water pump. The types of pumps commonly
used today are electric motor-powered water pumps or oil-fueled water pumps (diesel or gasoline). For
urban areas, the need for fuel is not a problem. Meanwhile, in rural areas, fuel is very scarce and very
expensive. The problem is the layout/position of the Input-Compressor-Waste (IKL) is still considered the
same as the position of the Input-Waste-Compressor (ILK) and has no effect on the efficiency of the
hydraulic ram pump performance. The purpose of this research is to design and make a hydraulic ram pump
and to test those two positions (IKL and ILK) with variations in the volume of the compressor tube, so that
it can be seen which position is the most ideal to produce the most optimal and efficient hydraulic ram pump
performance. The methods used were a site survey, literary study, action method by designing a hydraulic
ram pump installation and observing the effect of layout/position (IKL) and (ILK) with variations in the
volume of compressor tube (6350 ml, 7230 ml and 8114 ml) and 3 variations of waste valve weight (130
grams, 190 grams and 357 grams) through the performance of the hydraulic ram pump. The result of this
study indicated that the largest pumping discharge occurred in the compressor tube volume of 2800 ml and
5500 ml with a waste valve weight of 130 grams, 190 grams and 357 grams, which were 0.081 liters per
second and 0.080 liters per second in the ILK hydraulic ram pump arrangement. The smallest average waste
discharge occurred in the ILK hydraulic ram pump arrangement, which was 0.311 liters per second while in
the IKL hydraulic ram pump arrangement it was 0.327 liters per second. The greatest efficiency according
to D'Aubuisson and Rankine occurred in the compressor tube volume of 2800 ml, which increased from
120% and 75% in the IKL position to 127% and 81% in the ILK position.
1 INTRODUCTION
Water is an absolute necessity for survival because
without water there will be no life in this world.
Areas that are close to water sources or are located
under springs, water needs are not a problem but
areas that are located higher than water sources are
difficult to get a continuous supply of water.
One of the efforts to fulfill water needs,
especially in areas that are higher than the springs, is
by using a water pump. The type of water pump that
is commonly used today is a water pump powered
by an electric motors or an engines water pump by
using fuel which is difficult to obtain in rural areas.
The solution is to use a hydraulic ram pump because
the hydraulic pump works without the use of fuel or
electricity.
The problem is that the placement of the pump
house and compressor tube as well as the waste
valve after the intake pipe, both with Input-
Compressor-Waste (IKL) and Input-Waste-
Compressor (ILK) arrangements are considered to
have no effect on the performance of the hydraulic
ram pump.
Various studies have been carried out as an effort
to increase the efficiency of hydraulic ram pump
performance, such as Muhamad Jafri, et al
conducted a study entitled Analisis Pompa Hidram
Mado, R., Johanis, A., Mangngi, F. and Budayawati, I.
The Effect of Pump House Layout and Compressor Tube Volume Variations on Efficiency of 2 Inch Hydraulic Ram Pump Performance.
DOI: 10.5220/0010960700003260
In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 1127-1132
ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246
Copyright
c
2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
1127
2” dengan Sistim Kompresi Seri, where the results
showed that variations in air tube volume and
pumping vertical lift height affect the efficiency of
the hydraulic ram pump, the highest efficiency for
series compression is 62.29%.
Eko Sulistiawan, et al, also conducted a study
entitled Pengaruh Volume Tabung Udara dan Beban
Katub Limbah Terhadap Efisiensi Unjuk Kerja
Pompa Hidram. The results showed that the highest
efficiency was 40.36% at valve load of 450 grams
and volume of air tube 8100 ml, the lowest
efficiency was 23.00% at valve load of 1220 grams
and volume of air tube 5300 ml.
I Gede Bawa Susama and Rudy Susanto,
conducted a research entitled Peningkatan Kinerja
Pompa Hidram (3 inch) Berdasarkan Posisi Tabung
Kompresor dengan Saluran Keluar di bawah
Tabung Kompresor. The results showed that the
largest output discharge occurred at a height of 4.1
m and increased from 0.112 liters per second in IKL
arrangement to 0.121 liters per second or 121 ml per
second in ILK arrangement. The maximum head
occurred at a 4.1 meter plunge and increased from
12 meters in the IKL arrangement to 16 meters in
the ILK arrangement. Meanwhile, the greatest
efficiency occurred at a height of 3.1 meters and
increased from 2.357% in the IKL arrangement to
2.618% in the ILK arrangement.
Research conducted by Toto Citramurti, et al.,
with the title Pengaruh Beban Katub Buang di
Bawah 450 gram Menggunakan Panjang Input 4
meter dan Ketinggian Output 10 meterTerhadap
Kinerja Pompa Hydraulic ram showed that the
highest efficiency of the hydraulic ram pump
according to D'Aubuisson is 31.48% with a waste
valve weight of 50 grams and the length of the inlet
pipe is 4 m.
Another research conducted previously by Rafael
Mado, et al with the title Design of a 1½” Hydraulic
Ram Pump and Testing the Effect of Variation in
The Launch Pipe Slope Angle Against the
Performance showed that the efficiency of the
hydraulic ram pump decreases with the increasing of
angle of inlet pipe, or the smaller the slope angle of
the inlet pipe, the efficiency of the hydraulic ram
pump increases. Based on previous research, this
research determined the lowest slope angle of the
inlet pipe, which is 5
o
so that the inlet pipe will be
longer (17.24 m) with a height of 1.5 m of water fall.
Generally, research on hydraulic ram
pump is carried out in a limited laboratory, so what
differs from this research is the research is carried
out directly at the water source, the delivery valve
uses a unidirectional valve made of brass material 2
inches, the waste valve from a plastic pipe 2 inch
and compares IKL with ILK on the performance of
the hydraulic ram pump. Research conducted in the
field aims to make it easier to implement.
The main issue raised in this research is the use
of new and renewable energy in fullfil the needs of
clean water for rural communities, especially those
who have not been reached by electricity. The
results of this study are expected to solve the
problems mentioned above, so that the community
can take advantage of the natural resources that are
around them (river water), for the purposes of daily
life such as drinking water, watering plants and
feeding livestock. Thus the standard of living of the
people will be better.
2 RESEARCH METHOD
2.1 Design of 2 Inch Hydraulic Ram
Pump
The hydraulic ram pump is designed with an input
diameter of 2” or 5.075 cm, an output diameter of
1.27 cm, a compressor tube volume (2800 ml, 5500
ml, and 8200 ml), IKL and ILK arrangement, inlet
pipe tilt angle 50, water drop height 1, 5 m, lift
height 5 m. The hydraulic ram pump is made using 2
inch iron pipe (T-shock), 2 inch double nipple, 2
inch elbow, ½ inch elbow, 4 inch iron pipe, 5 mm
thick iron plate, 10 mm solid stainless, 40 mm ø
steel axle, plastic pipe (ø 4 inch, 2 inch dan ½ inch),
50x50 iron elbow, 5 mm thick rubber, bolts and
nuts. The results of the hydraulic ram pump design
are as shown in Figures 1 and 2 below:
Figure 1: Hydraulic ram Pump Installation IKL
Arrangement.
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Figure 2: Hydraulic ram Pump Installation ILK
Arrangement.
Captions:
1. Reservoir/water source 5. Compressor Tube
2. Inlet pipe 6. Delivery pipe
3. Pump housing 7. Reservoir tank
4. Waste valve H = Plunge height
h = Lifting height
2.2 Research Flowchart
2.3 Data Collection Method
The method used is an experimental method with 9
independent variables, namely: water fall height (H)
1.5 m, lift height (h) 5 m with a slope of 21.720
following the contour of the soil and the length of
the exit pipe 13.60 m, the slope angle of the slide
pipe ( 50) with a pipe length of 17.24 m, pump inlet
water discharge (27-55 liters/minute), IKL position,
ILK position, compressor tube volume (2800 ml,
5500 ml, 8200 ml). While the 7 dependent variables
are: waste discharge (Q), inlet water pressure, outlet
pressure, pumping discharge (q), waste valve
weight, waste valve pulse and hydraulic ram pump
efficiency (calculated using equation 1).
Testing and data collection were carried out
directly at the location of the water source by
conditioned the height of the waterfall (H) 1.5 m and
measuring the water flow entering the pump with a
result of 180 liters / minute, while the minimum
water flow for the pump size 2 "is 27-55 liters /
minute. The test will be carried out 9 times
according to 3 variations in the volume of the
compressor tube (2800 ml, 5500 ml, 8200 ml) and 3
variations in the weight of the waste valve (130 g,
190 g, 357 g) both at the IKL and ILK positions. The
results were carefully recorded in the data table that
has been prepared.
The hydraulic ram pump test scheme is as shown
in Figure 3 below:
(a) IKL (b) ILK
Figure 3: Schematic of the hydraulic ram pump test
installation.
In testing process, the researchers used several
supporting equipments such as measuring cup,
buckets, tapes, PVC glue, machete, shovel, roller
The Effect of Pump House Layout and Compressor Tube Volume Variations on Efficiency of 2 Inch Hydraulic Ram Pump Performance
1129
meter, pressure gauges, water fittings, nylon ropes,
bamboo, pipe wrenches, stop watch. Data retrieval is
done by reading the pressure on the pump inlet pipe,
the pressure on the compressor tube and the outlet
pipe, measuring the pulsation of the waste valve,
measuring the waste discharge and pumping
discharge.
2.4 Data Processing Method
The data that has been collected in tabular form is
then made in graphical form to obtain the
relationship between variations in the volume of the
compressor tube, the weight of the waste valve and
the pulse of the waste valve to the pumping
discharge.
The efficiency of the hydraulic ram pump can be
calculated in two ways:
According to D’Aubuisson (Murni, 2016)
(1)
According to Rankine :
(2)
Whereas:
η = hydraulic ram pump efficiency (%)
q = result (m
3
/det.)
Q = waste (m
3
/det.)
h = head out (m)
H = head in (m)
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The test result data can be seen in Tables 1 and 2
below:
Table 1: IKL Position.
Table 2: ILK Position.
The results of the hydraulic ram pump test on the
layout of the pump house, IKL and ILK with 3
variations in the volume of the compressor tube and
3 variations in the weight of the waste valve, as
shown in tables 1 and 2 above. The relationship
between the volume of the compressor tube and the
pumping discharge on the layout of the pump
housing is presented in Figure 4. The position of the
compressor tube which is placed after the input and
the waste valve (ILK), gives a higher pumping
discharge result compared to the position of the
compressor tube which is placed between the input
and the waste valve (IKL). The volume of the
compressor tube also affects the pumping discharge.
The larger the volume of the compressor tube the
pumping discharge decreases, because the waste
discharge is getting bigger. This is contrary to the
results of research by Eko Sulistiawan, et al. [2]
which showed that the larger the volume of the
compressor tube, the higher the pumping discharge
and the higher the efficiency.
Comparison of the pumping discharge value with
the volume of the compressor tube on the layout of
the pump house/compressor tube as shown in Figure
4.
Figure 4: Comparison of the pumping discharge value
with the volume of the compressor tube on the layout of
the pump house/compressor tube.
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The effect of compressor tube volume on the waste
discharge and the location of the pump
house/compressor tube is presented in Figure 5. The
larger the volume of the compressor tube, the higher
the waste discharge and the lower the pumping
discharge. When viewed from the position of the
compressor tube which is placed after the input and
the waste valve (ILK), the result of the waste
discharge is smaller than the position of the
compressor tube which is placed between the input
and the waste valve (IKL).
Figure 5: Comparison of the value of the waste discharge
with the volume of the compressor tube on the layout of
the pump house/compressor tube.
The value of waste valve weight on pumping
discharge and waste discharge at the hydraulic ram
pump with the IKL and ILK arrangement is shown
in Figures 6 and 7. The position of the compressor
tube which is placed after the input and the waste
valve (ILK) shows the best pumping discharge
results and produces less waste compared to the
position of the compressor tube which is placed
between the input and exhaust valves (IKL).
Figure 6: Comparison of the pumping discharge value
with the weight of the waste valve on the layout of the
pump house/compressor tube.
In general, the waste valve weight 130 grams
(the smallest) produce most large pumping discharge
(0.081 liters/sec). This is in line with the results of
research by Toto Citramurti, et al., which showed
that the weight of the 50 gram waste valve (the
smallest) produced the largest pumping discharge
and the highest efficiency, which was 31.48%
(D'Aubuisson efficiency).
Figure 7: Comparison of the value of the waste discharge
with the weight of the waste valve on the layout of the
pump house/compressor tube.
The relationship of the waste valve pulse to the
pumping discharge at the hydraulic ram pump with
the composition of IKL and ILK is shown in Tables
1 and 2. The higher the number of pulses, the higher
the pumping discharge.
The efficiency of the hydraulic ram pump as a
comparison of the pumping discharge with the inlet
and effluent discharge as well as the comparison of
the volume of the compressor tube and the pumping
discharge for both the IKL and ILK arrangements
are presented in Figures 8 and 9.
Figure 8: Graph of the relationship between the volume of
the compressor tube on the efficiency of D'Aubuisson and
Rankine at the IKL position
The Effect of Pump House Layout and Compressor Tube Volume Variations on Efficiency of 2 Inch Hydraulic Ram Pump Performance
1131
Figure 9: Graph of the relationship between the volume of
the compressor tube on the efficiency of D'Aubuisson and
Rankine at the ILK position.
In general, the highest efficiency values
according to D'Aubuisson and Rankine were
obtained in the composition of the ILK hydraulic
ram pump and the three variations in the volume of
the compressor tube (2800 ml, 5500 ml and 8200
ml), they were 127% and 81% at the compressor
tube volume of 2800 ml, 124% and 79 % on the
compressor tube volume of 5500 ml, 124% and 78%
on the compressor tube volume of 8200 ml. The
highest efficiency in the IKL hydraulic ram pump
arrangement was only seen in the compressor tube
volume of 2800 ml, they were 120% and 75%.
This is in line with the research results of I Gede
Bawa Susana (2016), which showed that the highest
efficiency was also obtained from the ILK hydraulic
ram pump arrangement which increased from
2.357% in the (IKL) arrangement to 2.618% in the
ILK arrangement.
The efficiency value obtained according to
D'Aubuisson looks greater than 100%, both in the
IKL and ILK hydraulic ram pump arrangements.
This is due to the large amount of water entering the
pump, which is 180 liters/minute (measurement
results before testing). In addition, if the angle of
inclination of the inlet pipe is smaller (50) and
longer, the suction power and thrust and efficiency
of the hydraulic ram pump will be higher. Research
conducted by R. Sutanto (2019), also shows that the
smaller the plunge angle used, the greater the output
discharge produced; the greater the plunge angle, the
smaller the suction and thrust of the hydraulic ram
pump.
4 CONCLUSION
Based on the results of testing and data processing, it
can be concluded as follows:
a. The largest pumping discharge occurred in the
compressor tube volume of 2800 ml and 5500 ml
with a waste valve weight of 130 grams and 190
grams, namely 0.081 liters per second and 0.080
liters per second in the ILK hydraulic ram pump
arrangement.
b. The smallest average waste discharge occurs in
the ILK hydraulic ram pump arrangement, which
is 0.311 liters per second while in the IKL
arrangement it is 0.327 liters per second.
c. The greatest efficiency according to
D’Aubuisson and Rankine occurred in the
compressor tube volume of 2800 ml. Which
increased from 120% and 75% in the IKL
position to 127% and 81% in the ILK position.
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Muhamad Jafri, dkk (2017). Analisis Pompa Hidram 2
inchi dengan Sistim Kompresi Seri. Prosiding Seminar
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Unjuk Kerja Pompa Hidram. PROTON Vol. 5 No. 2.
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Peningkatan Kinerja Pompa Hidram Berdasarkan
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bawah Tabung Kompresor. Jurnal Dinamika Teknik
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st
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0
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