Academic Mobility as a Key Factor for the Future Development of

Education

Anzhelika Dosenko

, Irina Maksymova

Oleksiy Sytnyk

, Kateryna Horska

and Anna Polisuchenko

Journalism and new media department, Boris Hrinchenko Kiev University, Kyiv, Ukraine

Department of international economics, State University of Economics and Technology, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine

Educational and Scientific Institute of Journalism, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine

Faculty of PR, Journalism and Cybersecurity, Kiev National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv, Ukraine

Keywords: Academic Mobility, Universities, Higher Education, Education of the Future, Development of Education,

Qualified Professionals, Communication, Journalism.

Abstract: The article examines academic mobility as a driving factor for the improving of educational system in the

nearest future. It was shown that higher educational institutions in Ukraine seek to improve their brand and

reach the European level of educational development. Academic mobility was considered as strategicaly

important component for this purpose. Key linkages and conclusions were given by the example of journalism

and communication sciences. The level of students' awareness of academic mobility was completely

investigated and based on an online survey of 634 respondents. The authors carried out website monitoring

of Ukrainian universities in order to identify topical problems of academic mobility implementation and

promotion. Analytical database covered materials for 2019, 2020 and 2021. The advantages and disadvantages

of academic mobility were considered in the context of global integration of the modern Ukrainian educational

system.

1 INTRODUCTION

Since the emerging of COVID-19 pandemic the

world has completely changed economically,

culturally, communicatively, educationally and

ecologically. Today humanity faces an imperative

need to improve the educational process, that is

wholly or partly transformed into distance learning.

Thus, researchers, lecturers and other training staff

are forced to look for new ways to engage and interest

students. Moreover, they not only have to correct

existing practices, but also have to invent innovative

teaching methods in order to deepen students'

knowledge. This case becomes especially important

for online practical training.

Besides, social networks and communication

platforms are intensively implemented in the

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-1299

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-0414

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-1442

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3430-6206

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9179-1017

educational processes. Such networks serve as

leading platforms for informational content in the

educational environment. Our study was carried out

on the basis of the specialty "Journalism" and students

of 1-3 courses who are going to become media

professionals in the nearest future. The research

involved over 600 students from such famous

universities as Borys Hrinchenko University of Kyiv,

Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, and

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.

Practice has shown, that modern society requires

not only a broad-based specialists, but professionals

skilled in “soft” competitiveness such as an ability to

think creatively, deep understanding the creative

aspects of the work, multicultural openness,

charisma, lobby the student team etc. Furthermore, all

Dosenko, A., Maksymova, I., Sytnyk, O., Horska, K. and Polisuchenko, A.

Academic Mobility as a Key Factor for the Future Development of Education.

DOI: 10.5220/0011366000003350

In Proceedings of the 5th International Scientiﬁc Congress Society of Ambient Intelligence (ISC SAI 2022) - Sustainable Development and Global Climate Change, pages 489-497

ISBN: 978-989-758-600-2

489

these social skills should be developed since

academic life.

At the same time, the involvement of social

networks, information and communication

technologies in the educational process will give

more opportunities to develop the modern student's

innovative competencies needed by the modern

media society (Mietule et al, 2021).

Here in the future, the creative and constructive

positions of the specialist will be valuable. Such skills

are necessary for a member of the media team not

only to be able to propose an idea, but also to

implement it and bring it to full realization. If earlier

we said that a journalist should be a narrow-minded

specialist - a radio broadcaster, TV presenter or print

media worker, today, with the development of

multimedia newsrooms and the production of

multimedia and multiplatform content, the situation

has changed fundamentally.

The aim of the work is to study academic mobility

in the modern system of higher education in Ukraine

as a leading parameter in shaping the education of the

future.

It should be emphasized that the world scientific

community pays great attention to the topic of

academic mobility. It is necessary to admit some

ukrainian and foreign researchers, among them

Dotsyak I., Gulyaeva N., Stankevichus M., Saginova

O., Karpenko M., Ermolenko A., Dewey D., Paulette

Siekierski, Manolita Correia Lima, Felipe Mendes

Borini, Rafael Morais Pereira.

2 THEORETICAL

BACKGROUND AND

RESEARCH RESULTS

Today we are talking about the need for journalists to

be able not only to write content on the site, but also

to promote it. As a 21st century expert, he must be

able to take photos, shoot streams, record audio and

work in a wide range of applications. In Ukraine, this

trend began relatively recently, with the active

development of mobile journalism, which today has

taken a leading place among the types of journalistic

activities.

While writing the research paper, the authors used

a descriptive method to study the factor of academic

mobility in Ukraine; method of questionnaires to

study the level of information of young people about

academic mobility; monitoring to study the amount of

materials on university websites that cover materials

on academic mobility in our country.

In general, the outlined topics are relevant not

only for Ukraine but also for the world. Currently, for

more than 13 years, research in these areas has been

conducted by organizations such as The New Media

Consortium with the popular educational project

“EDUCAUSE (ELI)” (Pina & Cifuentes, 2021;

Pomerantz, 2018). Researchers study the main trends

in education related to the development of

information technology.

2.1 Modern Vision and Mission of the

Academic Mobility

According to Karpenko and others, today in Ukraine

there is a tendency to perceive universities as

platforms for the implementation of innovative

approaches (Karpenko et al, 2019). In our opinion,

this is right and essential for our state. Today, when

we are on the path of stabilization and development,

the system of higher education in the country cannot

be ignored.

Today, higher education institutions are actively

working on the development and implementation of

new pedagogical approaches for the students. There

are the following: academic mobility, academic

integrity, student-centeredness, innovation in

scientific and creative activities of students and more.

Taking into account the standards of the Bologna

Process, Ukraine adheres to the requirements and best

world practices in the educational environment. In the

21st century, each higher education institution is

implementing different academic mobility programs

for students and young teachers. In modern scientific

circles, academic mobility is considered as “an

opportunity to study one or more semesters during

another period of study at another higher education

institution, where specialists in the same specialty are

trained, including disciplines (credits) and periods of

study; more effectively develop personal intellectual

potential" (Fedorova & Trofimenko, 2012).

Exploring this process as a phenomenon of

international education, we consider it an integral part

of the modern educational process. This parameter

allows Ukraine to stand in line with educational

institutions in Europe, to implement and maintain

programs of exchange and active research, to

integrate Ukrainian students into the international

community. Another scientists argue that "academic

mobility in the XXI century is" an important

component of the process of integration of higher

education institutions into the international

educational space; the period of study of the student

in the country of which he is not a citizen; departure

of a certain number of students to study abroad; an

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490

important qualitative feature of the European space,

which provides for the exchange of people between

higher education institutions and between countries;

it is an opportunity to choose the best training options

for the training of a modern specialist" (Gulyaeva &

Bidiuk, 2018).

Modern educational environment could be

illustrated with the following criteria, gathered from

international reports accomplished by European

Commission and Cornell University.

Table 1: Some parameters of educational environment.

Criteria

German

Polan

Ukrain

Higher

education

(world

rank)

6 15 51 32

Inbound

mobilit

, %

8,4 17,9 4,1 3,1

ICT, score 88,5 93,6 81,1 58,8

Education,

score

54,6 55,2 54,1 56,9

Expenditure

education,

%GDP

4,8 5,5 4,6 5,4

GDP,

Bln $

3434,4 2810,3 553,6 97,7

PISA

reading,

math

500,4 503,5 512,8 462,7

Pupil-

teacher

ratio

12 16,6 9,1 7,3

Graduates

in science

engineering

, %

35,6 26,3 22,9 25,3

Digital

skills

among

population,

1-7

(

best

)

5,07 4,94 4,27 4,45

Resources (European Commission, 2020; Dutta et

al, 2020)

Comparative analysis reveals the main gap in total

assessment of educational system and level of

information and communication technology. Despite

general expenditure on education takes

comparatively high position, the level of GDP in

Ukraine remains the smallest in Europe. Thus,

educational funding could not be considered as strong

and profound.

As we can see, academic mobility in the 21st

century should be considered not only as an

opportunity for Ukrainian students to exchange and

gain foreign experience, but also as a mechanism of

strategical development.

Thinking this way we have to admit the following

tendences:

- raising the ratings of Ukrainian universities and

building an international educational image;

- renewal of existing and introduction of new

professional Ukrainian education;

- improving the quality of education and moving

in the European direction;

- introduction of new learning concepts;

-introduction of new academic disciplines that

provide an opportunity to train general journalists;

- prospects for developing new areas of work for

young journalists;

- strengthening ties with employers;

- computerization of the learning process;

- transparency of the educational process.

The postulates put forward are not the final list,

obviously there are still postulates. However, the

above list may be arranged depending on the general

priorities of the university, its mission and

educational strategy (National Academy, 2017).

This process involves the direct crossing of the

border by an individual, taking into account previous

education and the award of qualifications or degrees

at the end of the training period (Bilecen & Van Mol,

2017). Besides, it is very important to distinguish

“horizontal” and “vertical” mobility (Teichler, 2017).

Horizontal mobility means another university and

even specialisation in order to obtain a certain

academic or scientific degree, while vertical mobility

implies in order to obtain the higher academic or

scientific degree (Absaliamova, 2021).

At the same time, two types of academic mobility

could be delineated. The first type is organized

(transnational) mobility that involves the

implementation the whole range of programs,

achieved by maintaining different types of

partnerships between higher education institutions in

in different countries and world regions (Greek &

Jonsmoen, 2021). The second type is individual

mobility that takes place by the student's own request.

The introduction of academic mobility as a basic

principle of the international educational standard

that is maintained by the Bologna Process. The

fundamental provisions of the Bologna Process that

should be implemented for the future development

are the following (Bergan & Matei, 2020):

Academic Mobility as a Key Factor for the Future Development of Education

491

1. Ordinary European student has the right to

study for degrees recognized in Europe, not just in the

countries (regions) where they are obtained;

2. The main responsibility of educational

institutions is to ensure that they do everything

possible to provide a high level of qualification to

their students.

The tasks that modern education is forced to set

for itself are relevant. After all, Ukrainian higher

education institutions, like European ones, should

increase their competitiveness through the

introduction of academic mobility and the

development of professional ties with colleagues

from other countries. Conducting guest lectures,

workshops, round tables, exchange programs, etc., all

contribute to improving the educational process in

domestic universities.

There are a number of tasks that the university

should focus on in order to implement academic

mobility as an educational standard for the future.

First, development of a unified system of

qualification degrees for higher education. Thus, two-

level system "Bachelor-Master" is the most

comprehensible (Karpenko, 2019).

Second, creation of a national system for

educational credits accumulation and its transfer that

allows to continue education in another country.

Third, cooperation in the field of quality

management in higher education (Pelaitis &

Spathoulas, 2018).

In addition, the development of academic

mobility involve all actors of educational process

(students, lecturers, researchers, academic

management etc). For this purpose European standard

of higher education should be implemented for all

participants of educational environment.

2.2 Mobility Issues in Ukraine

In Ukraine academic mobility becomes more and

more important and prevalent. From year to year

higher educational institutions pay greater attention to

this activity as a driving criteria.

Generally, the dynamic of national mobility could

be illustrated with specific indexes of inbound and

outbound mobility as a percentage of the total

enrollment in some country.

While inbound mobility rate represents the total

amount of foreign students studying in Ukraine,

outbound mobility is the number of students from

Ukraine studying abroad as a percentage of the total

tertiary enrolment.

There is the following strong tendency in Ukraine

(Figure 1).

Figure 1: Inbound and outbound mobility in Ukraine

(before COVID-19 pandemics).

The diagram illustrates visible increase in

mobility indexes. Before pandemic, outbound

mobility in Ukrainian higher education was about 2.6

%. Outbound mobility in Ukraine showed remarkable

growth from 0.8 % in 1999 to 2.6 % in 2018, so the

average annual rate was about 8%. In 2018, inbound

mobility in higher education for Ukraine was 4.6 %.

Inbound mobility in tertiary education of Ukraine

increased from 1.1 % in 1999 to 4.6 % in 2018

showing an average annual rate about 9 %.

Moreover, strong linear corelation allows to

predict future growth of inbound mobility about 0,4%

every year and outbound mobility growth about

0,15%. There are no doubts, global pandemic

decelerated this dynamics, however it was just

temporary issue.

To confirm the specific of this tendency, we

conducted an online survey among Ukrainian

students, which demonstrated the level of student

involvement in the academic mobility as a part of

educational process.

We should state the fact that with the advent of the

COVID-19 pandemic, the process of academic

mobility itself has changed somewhat across closed

borders. Because of this, the Internet is involved,

especially with regard to science and the training

system.

As can be seen from the survey (table 1), modern

Ukrainian students understand the concept of

academic integrity and ready to work in this direction

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492

both collectively and individually. Educational

institutions create appropriate conditions for

cooperation between with foreign partners, which

raises the rating of the institution and erase borders

for the research and new achievements.

Table 2: The level of awareness of Ukrainian students on

academic mobility.

№ Question

Respondents' answers

(percentage)

yes no

difficult

answe

1 Are you familiar with

the concept of

"academic mobility"?

98 2 0

2 Are academic

mobility programs

involved in the

learning process of

your higher education

institution?

75 15 10

3 Are students in your

group familiar with

international

academic mobility

rograms?

77 9 14

4 Does the educational

institution adhere to

the principle of

collective mobilit

69 22 9

5 Does the educational

institution adhere to

the principle of

individual mobilit

78 3 19

6 Do you think that the

conditions for

academic mobility at

the university where

you study are

favorable?

88 6 4

7 In your opinion, does

academic mobility

improve the learning

process in Ukrainian

universities?

94 4 2

Also, the development of academic mobility as

one of the leading parameters of the educational

process of the future in Ukraine is influenced by other

negative processes: information war, economic

parameters, new reforms, the cost of studying abroad

and low percentage of grant programs for students.

The acute problem is the employment of

graduates with a bachelor's degree. According to the

National Report of Ukraine on the Implementation of

the Bologna Process, only 13.9% of graduates who

received basic higher education and found a job,

while 81.8% continued their studies in the next cycle.

At the same time, we analyzed the sites of

Ukrainian universities to cover materials on academic

mobility by students. We analyzed the sites of 22

universities in Ukraine and studied materials for

2019, 2020 and 2021. The level of lighting has

increased significantly. The results obtained are

shown below (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Indicators of coverage of university sites (by the

groups of content).

As we can see from the chart, in 2021 the highest

rate of coverage of materials on international

cooperation and academic mobility led to not only

students of Ukrainian educational institutions, but

also teachers and lecturers. This shows that

universities pay attention to this issue. The materials

also cover internal mobility, which emphasizes

cooperation between freelance partners from different

cities of Ukraine. An example of the most popular

academic mobility for Ukraine is the Erasmus

program, which involves a large number of Ukrainian

universities.

Positive for the further development of academic

mobility in the field of "061 Journalism" in Ukraine

is the trend of teaching professional disciplines in

foreign languages, which is becoming increasingly

popular in higher education institutions. This actively

increases the level of foreign language skills among

young people and opens the horizons for future

partnerships between teachers and students, will

increase the number of young professionals who will

go abroad for internships, internships, scientific

conferences and increase positive experiences.

Academic Mobility as a Key Factor for the Future Development of Education

493

2.3 Ways to Improve Academic

Mobility in Ukraine

Academic mobility, as a category, is currently being

studied in terms of integration into the educational

process, innovative aspects and scientific approaches

in higher education institutions.

In the 21st century, mobility should be studied as

a phenomenon stemming from the development of the

education system as a whole. That is why she

managed to develop into a modern international

movement, to get a form not only of full-time

education, but also virtual. But in Ukraine today there

is something to work on, because this vector needs

proper attention. Today's leaders of higher education

institutions pay very little attention to the potential

benefits of exporting or importing teachers, students,

and employees of partner institutions abroad, and do

not create the right conditions for this. Along with the

economic and normative component that complicates

the process of academic mobility, there is also an

acute problem of insufficient administrative and

regulatory support in modern education, as well as

lack of programs and conditions to facilitate incoming

and possibly outgoing academic mobility of future

mediators.

Thus, we conclude that there are currently a

number of problems that slow down the development

of academic mobility in higher education institutions

as one of the central categories of education in the

future. We consider it necessary to outline each of

them.

1) It is worth paying attention to the creation of

normative documents that would facilitate the

enrolment of foreign students for a certain period of

time (for example, to study in the second year

according to a certain educational program in the

specialty "061 Journalism".

2) There are no documents that would confirm and

simplify the study of the academic mobility program

in the specialty, if the student already has a related

specialty or international diploma.

3) The students’ needs to obtain a visa to study in

a number of countries around the world, even for a

short period of study or internship.

4) The lack of proper conditions for employment

of foreign students, which significantly complicates

the process of motivating young people to come to

Ukraine.

5) The necessity in the more frequent updates on

the websites of educational institutions on existing

exchange and mobility programs.

6) The complex feedback between the educational

institution and the foreign student, because currently

few universities have an international department

responsible for this category of students, conducts

business in the direction of developing relationships

with foreign partners, creates programs that target to

send Ukrainian students abroad, etc.

7) Improper creation of infrastructure for foreign

students in universities (preparatory courses,

departments, medical centers, dormitories, etc.).

8) Obtaining appropriate licensing conditions for

the training of foreign students in a particular field.

9) The lack of necessary funding for the university

and its promotion to the appropriate level of

international mobility.

10) The lack of in-service training programs for

faculty at the expense of the university.

Separately, in our opinion, it is worth studying the

problems of forming the initial academic mobility,

because it also acts as a powerful lever for shaping the

image of Ukrainian education. It should be noted here

that students need to be re-enrolled in certain

academic disciplines or modules, if they have

participated in the program and listened to similar (or

similar) disciplines, or participated in the creation of

a practical project. It is also important to keep the

scholarship or social benefits for a certain category of

students (if they have one) while participating in

international mobility programs and building a

convenient schedule or so-called academic calendar.

It should be noted that the latter is not practiced in

Ukraine.

In addition, we have to admit very important issue

of technical support, digital skills and general

availability of modern technologies. This problem

becomes extremely important in the context of

distance learning and COVID-19 effects.

Thus, Information and communication

technology (ICT) becomes the most important trigger

for the distance learning implementation. In addition,

ICT development becomes one of the strategic

directions of economic modernization, and

investment attraction into the development of

telecommunications infrastructure, that contributes

strengthening the strategic position of any country in

the long term.

The analysis of Ukraine’s position in global ICT

ranking allows to identify some remarkable gaps

(Figure 3).

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494

Figure 3: ICT development (score 0-100).

The diagram depicts dramatic backlog in the level

of ICT implementation in Ukraine in comparison with

the most developed European countries. While ICT

access is comparatively middle-developed, the level

of ICT use is less then one-half the level achieved in

Germany, France and Denmark. The same situation is

relevant for the level of online services in Ukraine.

These gaps are barriers to the future development of

education, because digitalization is considered as one

of the most important priority for the national

competitiveness. Moreover, ICT provides new

opportunities for higher education in the field of

distance inbound mobility.

The outlined problems need to be solved not only

at the level of a certain university, but also by the

state. This requires the intervention of public

authorities, which monitor the education process and

periodic reforms to improve the quality of higher

education, increase the efficiency of educational

services, stimulate the development of academic

mobility for teachers and students in our country.

Thus, the question arises about the need to reform

the educational process at several levels, namely:

financial, career guidance, informational support and

culture (Figure 4).

The first, the financial level will provide grants

and scholarships that will allow you to go abroad, live

there and study. It is important here to outline the cost

of tuition and payment terms for international

students.

The second, career guidance, will provide an

opportunity to advertise Ukrainian higher education

institutions abroad, inform about existing benefits,

outline opportunities for domestic education. This

will allow attracting those wishing to study at

Ukrainian universities.

Figure 4: Transformation of the higher education system in

the context of academic mobility development.

The third, the information vector will promote the

accumulation of information about universities,

outline the benefits of training conditions and

educational programs, provide clarification on the

quality and results of training in domestic educational

programs, emphasize the opportunities for future

professionals to reach the international level.

The fourth normative level, aimed at strong

strategic development of universities, will promote

the development of incoming / outgoing academic

mobility, stimulate mobility programs and exchange

programs.

The fifth vector, cultural, is aimed at developing

the corporate culture of the university and the higher

education system in Ukraine in general.

To implement this, it is worth focusing not only

on the efforts of the universities, but also the

authorities, employers and sponsorship programs.

After all, Ukraine's business sector is developing

quite strongly, so it would be good to use the financial

resources of media structures, holding companies,

etc. to build education for competitive media

professionals who are ready to create quality content

for the Ukrainian media environment.

Thus, modern academic mobility is a relevant and

necessary phenomenon for study and development.

Key levels

Normative

support

Grants and

Fundin

Financial support

Promotion of

national

education

Career guidance

Complex

database

Informational

support

Universities’

corporate culture;

National interests

in education

Cultural

development

Strategical level

and legislation

Academic Mobility as a Key Factor for the Future Development of Education

495

Its future implementation directly depends on the

factors and areas of socio-political life of modern

Ukrainian society.

Ukraine's policy in the vector of development of

higher education in the field of "061 journalism"

should be based on the study of the requirements of

the era of globalization and internationalization. This

should take into account the existing successful

experience of European countries, try to adapt it to

national trends and needs.

Secondly, it is important for Ukraine to change the

indicators of the quality structure of academic

mobility, development of opportunities and favorable

conditions for the development of the industry "061

Journalist" for degree mobility programs.

In addition, Ukrainian educational system needs

funding for higher education and stimulating the

development of scholarship programs, which will

contribute to the development of strategies for the

formation of fundamental principles of academic

mobility. After all, in order to form strong principles

of the national educational process in view of future

trends, it is important that not only students but also

teachers have outlined opportunities.

3 CONCLUSIONS

Today, academic mobility is becoming an important

priority in the development of “education of the

future”. It allows higher education institutions in

Ukraine moving towards Europe and adhere to the

necessary context of the Bologna Process, the

development of innovative methods in the field of

"061 Journalism" and the training of a

multidisciplinary specialist journalist.

Academic mobility contributes to the

development of a positive image not only of domestic

universities, but also of the education system as a

whole. It has proven to be the latest approach in the

formation of a specialist and gaining professional

experience of the future mediator, the mechanism for

implementing new ideas and mechanisms for their

implementation.

The phenomenon of academic mobility is

relatively new for Ukraine, as it has been given

worthy attention only for the last 5 years. It promotes

the formation of new strategies for the development

of national education, the formation of new

educational concepts in the field of "061 Journalism",

stimulates the desire of students to study professional

disciplines in foreign languages.

However, modern higher education institutions in

Ukraine still need to work fruitfully to reach the level

of European universities, and Ukraine should focus

on the legislative, economic and social components.

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