Improvement of Personnel Training in the System of Advanced

Professional Education for the Road Freight Transportation Market

of the Kaliningrad Region

Svetlana Savanovich

, Victor Nordin

, Olga Gegechkori

and Lidiia Chernishova

Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, Russia

Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Keywords: Cargo transportation, personnel, training, advanced professional education, transport industry.

Abstract: The development of the transport component can be considered as a key vector of socio-economic growth of

the Kaliningrad region in the conditions of increasing turbulence of the external environment. Taking into

account the specifics of the geopolitical situation of the region, special attention should be paid to the further

development of road freight transportation when improving the activities of the transport industry. Ensuring

their effectiveness involves solving a whole range of managerial, transport and logistics, personnel tasks. In

the course of the conducted research using an expert approach and ranking of the identified problems, the

importance of studying the impact of personnel aspects on the prospects for the development of the

Kaliningrad road transport market was determined. The issue of ensuring that the industry needs competitive,

mobile, innovatively thinking specialists who are ready for constant development and change is particularly

acute. It is possible to solve this problem by improving the system of sectoral advanced professional education

with the introduction of proactive training, individual educational trajectories, close integration of the interests

of industry enterprises and training centers. The proposed structuring of the problem in the form of a "goal

tree" allows us to identify key guidelines for further work on improving the training system for the transport

industry in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region.

1 INTRODUCTION

Kaliningrad Region is a territory unique in its

geographical location. This is the only subject of the

Russian Federation

isolated

from the main part of the

country by the territories of two other states and

international waters, which complicates the

interaction of the Kaliningrad Region with other

Russian regions and creates many related problems.

At the same time, the Kaliningrad Region is the

westernmost subject of the Russian Federation, being

in close proximity to the Baltic states, Finland,

Poland, Germany, Denmark and Sweden.

The special exclave position of this region relative

to the EU countries, remoteness from Russian

territories is the most important condition for its

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development.

Pskov, the closest regional center of Russia, is

located at a distance of 800 km from Kaliningrad. The

center of the North-Western Federal District (which

includes the region), St. Petersburg is 950 km away.

The road connection to Moscow is 1237 km. At the

same time, the distances to many European capitals

are noticeably less: 350 km to Vilnius, 390 km to

Riga, 375 km to Warsaw, 530 km to Berlin, 535 km

to Stockholm, 680 km to Copenhagen, 850 km to

Oslo (Administration of the city district "City of

Kaliningrad", https://www.klgd.ru/).

The change in a number of external political and

economic conditions has determined the modern

guidelines of the economy and social sphere of the

Kaliningrad Region. A significant direction of its

dynamic growth is the development of the transport

156

Savanovich, S., Nordin, V., Gegechkori, O. and Chernishova, L.

Improvement of Personnel Training in the System of Advanced Professional Education for the Road Freight Transportation Market of the Kaliningrad Region.

DOI: 10.5220/0011580800003527

In Proceedings of the 1st International Scientiﬁc and Practical Conference on Transport: Logistics, Construction, Maintenance, Management (TLC2M 2022), pages 156-162

ISBN: 978-989-758-606-4

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

industry. It is safe to say that transport is a key area of

specialization of the region, ensuring the successful

functioning of the regional economy and contributing

to the strengthening of foreign economic relations.

One tenth of the total number of people employed in

the regional economy is concentrated in the transport

industry and one tenth of the gross regional product is

produced.

2 STUDY METHODS

The Kaliningrad Region's transport complex includes

various types of transport: aviation, rail, water,

automobile, pipeline. Intercity transport is also

actively used – bus, trolleybus, tram.

Table 1 shows a sample characteristic of

individual elements of the Kaliningrad Region's

transport industry.

The area of the Kaliningrad Region is 0.1% of the

area of the Russian Federation, the population (as of

January 1, 2020) is 0.69%. In terms of territory area,

the region ranks 77th among all subjects (Regions of

Russia. Socio-economic indicators, 2020).

The specifics of the special geopolitical location

of the Kaliningrad Region suggests the need to pay

special attention to the implementation of road freight

transportation (not only domestic, but also

international) when improving the transport

component of the region's activities. Ensuring high

efficiency of international cargo transportation

represents a whole range of transport and logistics

tasks. The need to solve them is actualized by the

modest place of Russia in terms of the Logistics

Performance index (Analytical report of the EEC,

2020).

For a number of regions of Russia, for example,

the Kaliningrad Region, when carrying out export and

import operations, trucking to and from other

countries is of great importance (Nordin, 2020;

Department of TIR and Customs Systems ASMAP,

2020). Over the past few years, the number of

organizations engaged in international cargo

transportation in the region has remained relatively

stable.

Moreover, after a rather significant decrease in

2019, the number of rolling stock owned by them has

increased by 1,229 units over the past year. However,

this practically did not affect the volume of

transported goods. In 2020, the number of

organizations – full members of ASMAP in the

Kaliningrad Region remained unchanged and

amounted to 218 companies. Based on the study of

the opinions of experts and feedback directly from

road carriers, a number of problems characteristic of

the activities of motor transport enterprises of the

Kaliningrad Region can be identified in Table 2.

Table 1: Characteristics of the transport component of the Kaliningrad Region as of the end of 2020 (Kaliningrad Region in

numbers, 2021).

No. Indicator Units of

measurement

Value

1. Operational length of public transport routes:

− railway tracks;

− public roads – total:

− including:

− federal roads;

− regional or inter-municipal roads;

− local roads;

− inland waterwa

km 667.6

9155.8

256.2

4421.5

4478.1

534

2. The share of paved roads in the total length of public roads % 86.9

3. Density of communication routes:

− public railway tracks;

−

aved roads

km of tracks per

1,000 square

km of territory

44.2

541.9

4 Transported goods by road by organizations of all types of activity,

of which, on a commercial basis b

lar

e and medium-sized or

anizations

million tons 6.4

1.9

5 Cargo turnover of motor transport organizations of all types of activity,

of which on a commercial basis by large and medium-sized organizations

million tons-km 1751

1097

6 Availability of motor transport vehicles

Including:

trucks;

passenger cars;

uses

pieces 458871

31523

422528

4820

Improvement of Personnel Training in the System of Advanced Professional Education for the Road Freight Transportation Market of the

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Table 2: Problems of ensuring road freight transport in the region (Analytical report of the EEC, 2020).

Grou

roblems Content of

roblems

1. Customs

− delays in customs clearance of goods caused by errors and inaccuracies in documentation;

− the absence of a unified regulatory framework for customs clearance of various goods and

waybills;

− shortcomings in the technologies of customs clearance and control, including the use of

information previously sent via electronic communications;

− lack of a standardized database on the structure and com

osition of documents, etc.

2. Regulatory and legal

− frequent adjustments in the preparation of regulatory and legal customs documentation;

− different level of elaboration of regulatory and legal support for international cargo

transportation in different countries;

− imperfection of the organization of multimodal door-to-door transportation;

−

ureaucratization and cumbersome customs clearance procedures, etc.

3. Personnel

− insufficiently qualified personnel (logistics intermediaries, representatives, carriers and

customs officials);

− poor adaptation of training programs for specialists in the transport industry, taking into

account digitalization, technological transformation of the industry and the global

community;

− insufficient level of professional education of specialists who ensure the work of transport

infrastructure organizations and transportation safety in the region;

− uneven distribution of young personnel between freight and passenger transportation, in

favor of the former;

− lack of continuity in the activities of educational institutions and enterprises of the transport

industry for the training, retraining and advanced training of transport industry workers;

− lack of professionalism in the organization and routing of transportation of various goods;

− insufficiently effective system of training highly qualified international drivers, etc.

4. Objective

− failures related to the human factor (accidents, illnesses, theft, etc.);

− force majeure circumstances (natural disasters, military actions, etc.);

− additional sanitary inspections due to the pandemic;

− com

lication of routes due to

uarantine cordons,

olitical situations, etc.

5. Technical and

logistical

− the use of vehicle models whose technical condition does not meet the increased standards

of different countries, especially the EU;

− significant deterioration of conditions for the renewal of the rolling stock fleet;

− low level of organization and development of logistics;

− difficulties in organizing international transportation of combined cargoes;

− a si

nificant number of accidents

(

25%

)

as a result of im

er securin

of car

o, etc.

6. Infrastructure

− poorly developed infrastructure of the routes used;

− high level of road tolls in some countries;

− the technical condition of roads that does not meet the needs of the economy and leads to

an increase in delivery times and additional costs;

− lack of

ermanent routes, etc.

We will rank the groups of problems presented in

Table 2 by the method of paired comparisons in terms

of their importance for road freight transportation.

Table 3 shows a square preference matrix for this

method. For line-by-line calculation of the results of

comparing groups of problems, preference signs are

replaced with points: 0.5 – "<", 1 – "=" and "≈", 1.5 –

">".

Table 3: Application of the method of paired comparisons

for ranking the problems of international freight transport

by the criterion of their importance

Problem groups Problem

rou

s Total

points

1 2 3 4 5 6

1. Customs = ≈ ≈ > ≈ ≈ 6.5

2. Regulatory

and le

≈ = < ≈ ≈ < 5

3. Personnel ≈ > = > > ≈ 7.5

4. Objective < ≈ < = ≈ < 4.5

5. Technical and

istical

≈ ≈ < ≈ = ≈ 5.5

6. Infrastructure ≈ > ≈ > ≈ = 7

Amount - - - - - - 36

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Graphically, the results are presented in the form

of a diagram (Fig. 1).

The ranking analysis shows that personnel and

infrastructure problems are the most important for

road freight transportation. In addition, it should be

noted that there are personnel aspects in almost every

group of problems. The results of numerous studies

confirm the relevance of these problems not only for

freight, but also for passenger transportation.

In the Kaliningrad Region, since 2017, the

Program for the Integrated Development of the

transport infrastructure of the Kaliningrad City

district for 2017-2035 has been approved and is in

effect (Administration of the city district "City of

Kaliningrad", https://www.klgd.ru/). The list of tasks

for the implementation of the program is defined:

1. Further improvement of the city's road

network.

2. Ensuring traffic safety.

3. Bringing the transport system into a state of

sustainable functioning.

4. Improving the quality of transport services to

the population.

It should be noted that the tasks outlined by this

program fully echo one of the targets for the

progressive development of the country's economic

sectors, noted in the Economic Security Strategy of

the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030,

namely, "integrated development of transport

infrastructure, creation of modern transport and

logistics complexes, development and

implementation of modern vehicles" (Decree of the

President of the Russian Federation No. 208,

http://government.ru/).

This program also provides for a number of target

values (indicators) for the development of transport

infrastructure (six indicators). However, among the

tasks and indicators of their implementation, the

elaboration of personnel aspects is not provided in

detail. At the same time, the effectiveness of the

implementation of the tasks set in the program

directly depends on the implementation of a balanced

integrated approach to improving the entire field of

personnel management – from training to

recruitment, development, adaptation, and increased

mobility.

Fundamentally new conditions for the activities of

transport sector enterprises put forward special

requirements for the staffing of its successful

functioning.

The analysis of the situation with the personnel

management of the transport sector of the Kaliningrad

Region economy revealed the following

shortcomings:

− insufficient qualifications of employees;

− lack of consistency in obtaining specialized

education;

− inefficient motivation system;

− poaching or leaving employees.

− insufficient attention to the formation of

elements of the personnel management system;

− poor adaptability and mobility of employees to

work in changing conditions;

One of the most significant problems is a serious

gap between the level of training of graduates of

transport specialties and the requirements of the real

Figure 1: Results of ranking freight transport problems in terms of their importance.

123456

Points totals

Problem groups

Improvement of Personnel Training in the System of Advanced Professional Education for the Road Freight Transportation Market of the

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159

sector of the economy in the form of employers aimed

at obtaining workers with the necessary

qualifications, capable of rapid adaptation in

changing conditions, implementing innovative

approaches, ready for continuous development and

acquisition of new skills. In these conditions, it is

necessary to pay attention to the development of the

system of continuing education, the possibility of

ensuring continuity in training by improving the

system of advanced professional education.

Intense activities in this area in the Kaliningrad

region are carried out by: the Autonomous non-profit

organization of advanced professional education

"Training and Consulting Center of the Association

of International Road Carriers", FSAEI of advanced

professional education "Kaliningrad center for

professional training and advanced training of

personnel of the Federal Road Agency", the

departments of advanced professional education

centers of the Kaliningrad Universities (KSTU and

BFU).

Comprehensive modernization of specialized

education, systematic digitalization of the educational

process, attracting talents and improving the material

base are such areas in the priority of the Concept of

personnel training for the transport complex until

2035 (hereinafter referred to as the Concept) (Decree

of the Government of the Russian Federation of

February 6. No. 255-p, https://www.garant.ru).

This document considers the development of new

educational programs, with a focus on solving new

qualitative problems in the transport sector,

expanding the academic mobility of students, the

formation of modern assessment systems and the

creation of a bank of best educational practices. In

addition, another important vector of work is the

development of cooperation with potential employers

of graduates of transport universities.

The concept provides for the development and

implementation of a career development system for

young employees of transport educational formats, a

system of competitions for teaching staff and project

teams in order to identify, stimulate and develop

talents. These are various programs for the further

development of human capital, including training in

additional professional programs, internships,

formation of a personnel reserve, improvement of

social guarantees and protection of employees of

educational organizations, development of a system

of material and moral incentives.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A survey of the heads of Kaliningrad transport

enterprises, an assessment of the dynamics of

processes in the labor market, confirm the relevance

of the implementation of the provisions of the

Concept in the field of the development of advanced

education of transport industry workers in the

regional market.

As a result of the conducted research and analysis

of the needs of the road transport market, the authors

carried out the structuring of the main goals of

improving the system of advanced professional

education, taking into account the specific conditions

of development of the Kaliningrad region. A goal tree

constructed in accordance with classical

recommendations (Golubkov, 2012) (Fig. 2)

structures these goals.

General goal G: to promote the efficiency and

safety of road transport through the development of

human resources of transport companies

Level 1 sub-goals:

G1 - ensuring continuity of various levels of

advanced branch education;

G2 - meeting the need for variable modular

programs;

G3 - optimization of the educational process for

the implementation of real competence training;

G4 - efficiency of knowledge replenishment

taking into account the dynamics of the industry

development;

G5 - formation of relevant competencies in the

conditions of informatization;

G6 - diversification of educational programs

based on the professional needs of students;

Level 2 sub-goals:

G11 - the introduction of a "cascade" form of

training, with a gradual "stepwise" complication of

the program and intermediate forms of control of

training and its effectiveness;

G12 – the use of innovative educational programs

aimed at the proactive development of transport

enterprises;

G21 - the use of flexible, problem-oriented forms

of learning;

G31 – improvement of classroom equipment,

introduction of new simulators and training systems

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G41 - development of online courses;

G61 - implementation of individual educational

trajectories;

Level 3 sub-goals (tasks):

G121 - formation of a bank of best educational

practices;

G122 - strengthening cooperation with future

employers;

G211 - the use of modern pedagogical teaching

technologies (case studies, lectures, provocations,

project activities, trainings, etc.) with the active use

of interactivity elements;

G411 - extensive use of educational process

software;

G611 - introduction of modern systems for

evaluating the results of students' training.

In order to establish the priority of solving

problems related to the above goals, as well as a

reasonable allocation of resources for their solution

(building a "road map"), it is advisable to involve

experts – specialists of the transport complex and

transport education.

4 CONCLUSION

Thus, in order to implement the continuity concept in

the training of personnel in the transport sector of the

Kaliningrad region in the system of advanced

professional education, to increase its effectiveness

and practical orientation, it is necessary:

1. modular structuring of educational programs;

2. thorough analysis and consideration of the

requests of trainees – employees of the

transport industry;

3. modernization of the content, structure and

technology of teaching in the system of

advanced education;

4. digitalization of educational processes;

5. popularization of educational products;

6. use of various opportunities (forms) of

integration of educational centers, universities,

enterprises, scientific structures;

7. updating the material and technical base,

training centers in accordance with the pace of

modernization of the transport sector.

REFERENCES

The Program for the Integrated Development of the

transport infrastructure of the Kaliningrad City district

for 2017-2035. 2015. p. 120. Administration of GO

"City of Kaliningrad".

https://www.klgd.ru/activity/transport_roads/re343.pdf

Kaliningrad Region in numbers. 2021. Statistical collection

in 2 volumes. Territorial body of the Federal State

Statistics Service for the Kaliningrad Region

(Kaliningradstat). II. p. 200.

Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2020: P32

Stat. coll. 2020. p. 1242.

Economic development of the Eurasian Economic Union

and its member States in 2020: international ratings.

2020. Analytical report of the EEC. p. 131.

https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/medialibrary/82a/Eko

nomicheskoe-razvitie-EAES-i-gosudarstv_chlenov-v-

2020-g.-Mezhdunarodnye-reytingi.pdf.

Nordin, V. V., Byaly, V. A. 2020. Analysis of the problems

of international freight transport by road. Collection of

articles of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical

Conference "Modern management: vectors of

development. 184. pp. 24-27.

Department of TIR and Customs Systems ASMAP. 2020.

Recommendations to carriers during customs

inspection. International road transport. 3. pp. 12-13.

http://www.map.asmap.ru/3 (151)_20/pdf.pdf.

Figure 2: The tree of goals for improving training.

Improvement of Personnel Training in the System of Advanced Professional Education for the Road Freight Transportation Market of the

Kaliningrad Region

161

On the Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian

Federation for the period up to 2030. 2017. Decree of

the President of the Russian Federation No. 208.

http://government.ru/docs/all/111512/.

The concept of personnel training for the transport complex

until 2035. 2021. Decree of the Government of the

Russian Federation of February 6. No. 255-p.

https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/400210

182/.

Golubkov, E. P., 2012. Technology of management

decision-making. p. 464.

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