Actual Economic Problems of Building Market Relations

Madina Abdulkadyrova

, Tamerlan Magomaev

and Elman Akhyadov

Grozny State Oil Technical University Named After Academician M.D. Millionshchikova, Grozny, Russian Federation

Chechen State University Named After A.A. Kadyrova, Grozny, Russian Federation

Keywords: World Community, Economic, Innovative Economies, Community Needs, International Cooperation.

Abstract: Global changes in the world economy, the mutual dependence of states in the world community, the

intensification of socio-economic problems threaten the external stability of the Russian economy. The

structure of the economy of different countries, the level of development largely determine the possibility of

including a given country in the international division of labor. Currently, the Russian Federation in a number

of areas lags behind the states that occupy leading positions in the technology industry (including management

and marketing), in the field of production organization, planning, budgeting, economic and social

development. In order to cooperate with developed countries, Russia must have a high-tech economy capable

of creating elite and mass-produced goods that the world community needs. Also, one should recognize the

political system of such countries and the modern cultural level. On the other hand, the region of the country

in the international division of labor determines not only the structure and volume of foreign trade, but also

the circle of main partners in foreign trade turnover, international cooperation in various fields.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the system of the international division of labor,

Russia plays the role of a supplier of natural resources

(Belonogova, 2020). The basis of Russian exports to

non-CIS countries was fuel and energy products.

Export promotion is one of the main directions in the

development of the Russian economy, especially

relevant at the present time, since the slowdown in net

export growth has become the most important reason

for the slowdown in Russia's GDP. With the

beginning of the Ukrainian crisis, Western countries

are imposing sanctions against Russia in order to

change Moscow's policy towards Kyiv (Gromova,

2019). The United States, the European Union, Japan,

Canada and other countries have introduced

restrictions aimed at certain sectors of the Russian

economy. (Gromova, 2019). In connection with these

events, the growth of the country's GDP turned out to

be impossible. The Bank of Russia believes that the

Russian economy is in for hard times and it is hard

not to agree with him. The Bank of Russia will need

to do everything possible to contain inflation, which

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will rise and find some kind of replacement for the

funds that will not come from external debt markets.

An analysis of Russian exports in recent years

demonstrates a noticeable predominance of products

from the extractive industries in its commodity

structure. An important theoretical and practical

aspect of economic development and diversification

of Russia's export potential is its relationship with

innovative development. A different place for Russia

in the global system of division of labor and world

trade can only be the result of a meaningful strategy

of targeted transformations, including the systemic

development of the innovation and production

potentials of the economy (Belonogova, 2020).

A characteristic feature of the development of the

world economy is the transition of the leading

countries to a new stage in the formation of an

innovative society - the construction of a global

system of the world economy, based mainly on the

generation, dissemination and use of technological

knowledge. Scientific and technological progress in

modern conditions is the most important factor in

economic growth and high technologies occupy an

important place in the development of the economy

Abdulkadyrova, M., Magomaev, T. and Akhyadov, E.

Actual Economic Problems of Building Market Relations.

DOI: 10.5220/0011602000003577

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Actual Issues of Linguistics, Linguodidactics and Intercultural Communication (TLLIC 2022), pages 42-46

ISBN: 978-989-758-655-2

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

of any country, however, there is a problem of a

technological gap between developed and developing

countries, as well as differences in increasing

investment in high technologies. In the presented

work, a study was made of the development of the

high-tech market in developing and post-industrial

countries. Currently, there is a tendency to equalize

the level of development of developing and highly

developed countries (Gakaev, 2020). In the context of

globalization, the main task for the national economy

is not so much the entry of its subjects into the foreign

market as the operation of national structures in the

global economic space. The strategic guideline in the

operation of subjects of the national economy in the

world economic arena is the struggle for access to

world income and its redistribution. In the global geo-

economic space, the main subjects of the world

economy are internationalized systems (IT systems,

IT processes, IT cycles, etc.). Therefore, world

income is “income in the global dimension from

foreign economic activity received from the sale of

goods and services produced within the framework of

precisely such internationalized production cycles

(cores), transnational economic structures using all

types of national resources, including the resources of

countries, not recognized as participants in these

cycles, and intended to reinvest in expanded

internationalized reproduction” (Murtazova, 2021).

2 RESEARCH METHODS

The world economy is a complex globalizing system

with traditional (states, transnational companies,

international economic organizations, etc.) and the

latest (intellectual valleys, world cities, technology

parks, virtual enterprises, etc.) structures and relations

between them. The current stage of development of

the global economy is characterized by the refinement

of theoretical concepts, the growth of contradictions,

the emergence of new global problems, and the

increased interdependence of all participants in the

world economic system. This is facilitated by such

key processes as the globalization of the world

economy, the internationalization of economic life

and the activities of enterprises, the growth in the

number of integration associations, the emergence of

new types of international division of labor in the new

construction of the world. Many concepts are filled

with new content, along with the processes of

integration, fragmentation processes take place, the

world market for services dominates the market for

goods. How to navigate in this complex, rapidly

changing situation, correctly interpret the ongoing

processes and make the right decision on a set of

problems? On the agenda is the understanding of the

essence and nature of global processes, the

development of strategic guidelines for the safe

development of the country, including Russia, in the

new conditions of world economic interaction. The

modern world economic system is the interaction of

global economic entities based on the international

division of labor through the system of international

economic relations. The world economy as a system

has certain properties: integrity, structure, hierarchy,

dynamism, order and the presence of a common goal.

International economic relations are a multi-level

complex of economic relations that arise between the

subjects of the world economy. Purposeful economic

activity in the world economy is carried out by

entities that determine the state and development of

factors of production, as well as ways to combine

them. The most important characteristics of the last

twenty-five years of the economic development of the

world economy are the consistent processes taking

place in the world economic life, namely the

departure from the autarkic (closed) principle of the

development of firms/regions/macro-

regions/economy, as a result of this process, the

strengthening of the processes of globalization of the

world economy, and also the processes of

internalization and internationalization of the world

economy. In the last decade, the most important

feature that characterizes the development of the

world industry is the reduced life cycles of

technologies and products, which significantly

increases the processes of global competition of all

agents of the world market, which in turn leads to the

emergence of new tools that limit international

competition - barriers to entry into the industry (on

markets). Let's take a closer look at the most

significant points. Given that the problems of

globalization are often associated with negative,

disastrous consequences, it is necessary to separate

the concepts of "globalization", "globalism" (anti-

globalism is associated with it) and "global

hegemony", "expansionism of TNCs". In other

words, globalization is indeed an objective process,

but not only is it not limited to such a form as the

expansion of American TNCs, but it can also acquire

a fair character (globalization with a human face)

through efforts to shape a common future based on

our common belonging to the human race in all its

diversity. It is necessary to distinguish between

globalization as an objective phenomenon and as a

policy. Thus, globalization is a reflection of the

process of formation of the integrity of the world

system and the connectedness of all processes taking

Actual Economic Problems of Building Market Relations

place in the world, and at the same time it is the

process of formation of the core of influence on the

world. It is also necessary to distinguish between the

concepts of "global economy" and "world economy".

The problem of globality is the latest scientific

phenomenon and the context of world development

(Harper, 2020). The problem is viewed from a double

angle: ontological (essential) and epistemological

(cognitive). The global world acts as a logistical

system based on the functional (rather than

mechanical) interweaving of particular forms into a

single geological composition (Ting-Toomey, 2020).

The world began to be perceived as a common,

unified; globality is manifested in almost all aspects,

incl. in the community of problems; in the presence

of common threats and challenges; in the

interdependence of peoples, countries, societies,

movements (i.e. globality is reflected in all spheres of

life: political, social, military); on a different scale of

human responsibility; in his awareness not only of his

local roots, but also of his civilizational affiliation; in

the global worldview; in the presence of cross-border

flows. For a correct understanding of the

characteristics of "globality" it is necessary to

formulate a criterion. There are two points of view

here. The first is related to the assessment of globality

in terms of the degree of coverage, scale (i.e. "global"

economy will mean "planetary"). Another point of

view is related to the assessment by the degree of

influence: if an object (phenomenon, process) has a

huge impact on the world, then it is called global.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Recently, the verbal construction “economic space”

has become very widely used not only in relation to

objects of different scale: cities, regions, countries,

but also to different areas of human relations: culture,

religion, information, etc. Most likely, this is due to

the fact that the scientific apparatus used for the

purpose of revealing the depth of social relations no

longer fully allows proving the existence of existing

problem situations and conveying to the audience

certain nuances and shades of those decisions that

would fully allow doing this. What, in fact, is

intended to contribute to the terminological phrase

«economic space» (Harper, 2020). A regional

economic space can be understood as some form of

organization and positioning of material objects or

elements of productive forces, manifested in the order

of their involvement and interaction in social

production and in ensuring the patterns of movement

in time. Such structuring allows one to form spatially-

connected representations not only about each of

these objects separately, but also about the entire set

of economic objects involved in economic processes.

Like any physical phenomenon, the regional

economic space can be characterized by some

elements that have their own parameters, by which it

can be distinguished from similar objects (Bagiev,

2020; Abrams, 2018). The main elements of the

economic space of the region are the territory,

population, regional economy and economic ties. The

use of these elements as components of the regional

economic space contributes to the understanding of

the essence of the spatial-connected representation of

it as an integral economic object. The essence of the

spatially-connected representation of economic

objects is manifested in their comprehensive and

detailed characteristics through the use of several

indicators that make it possible to present the entire

set in a holistic perception. The spatial-connected

representation of the region is based on the

possibilities of its structuring according to the main

properties and features that are formed under the

influence of the interaction of its main elements

(dominants).

Traditional forms of economic and

entrepreneurial activity are increasingly influenced

by new trends in the development of the world

economy, one of which is globalization. Due to the

huge range of political preferences in modern world

science and politics, there is no single generally

accepted definition of globalization. Globalization is

considered from different points of view (Bagiev,

2020): it is a process that inscribes the world

economic system in interaction with the natural and

biological environment and gives a new integrity (1);

this is the output of the process (phenomenon) to the

general level (2); it is a process of reproductive

transformation of national economies and economic

structures, securities, capital, etc., in which the world

economy is considered as an integral population (3).

In addition, globalization is understood as the process

of the ever-increasing impact on the social reality of

individual countries of various factors of international

significance: economic and political ties, cultural and

information exchange, etc.; the trend towards a global

investment environment and the integration of

national capital markets; the highest stage of

integration (Belonogova, 2020); “interaction and

interpenetration of political, economic and cultural

spheres of public life of various states and societies,

i.e. association in a broad sense at the level of social

institutions (groups) that have different historical and

cultural foundations” (Harper, 2020); the process of

forming a single economic space, gradually covering

TLLIC 2022 - I INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "ACTUAL ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS, LINGUODIDACTICS AND

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all spheres of human life. This is a complex

phenomenon of the modern world, giving a lot of

material for reflection in various aspects:

philosophical, political, economic, legal (Harper,

2020). Summing up these definitions, we can

conclude that all points of view are unanimous in

understanding that globalization is the process of

formation and subsequent development of a single

global financial and economic space based on new,

mainly computer technologies. Foreign experts

(Murtazova, 2021), considering various aspects of

globalization (globalization), also focus on the

formation of a single space for the operation of

various entities in it, emphasize the openness of

international trade, the growth of exports.

Globalization as a general concept is the idea that the

world develops as a single (single) model, as a result

of improved technology and communications and the

influence of multinational companies, while business

operates worldwide. The use of density, development

(arrangement of elements of productive forces) and

connectedness as the main properties of the regional

economic space allows us to consider in a given

territory all economic entities participating in

economic relations and the living population as

constituent structural elements of a single object with

appropriate characteristics. Each of these elements is

subject to a certain organization (ordering and

organizational structure), which basically has its own

structure, acting as a kind of organizing form. Thus,

the forms of spatial organization of the population are

directly related to the settlement of the population in

a given territory (Troyanovich, 2019). The

resettlement of the population is understood as its

spatial organization, which involves the placement of

the population in a certain territory and the

establishment of a system of social relations and

connections between its participants. The main forms

of the spatial organization of the population in recent

years have become the supporting frame of

settlement, urbanization, urban agglomerations and

organizational forms of cooperation between local

governments, which, both in their entirety and

individually, make it possible to provide social effects

in the most “advanced” points of development.

The prospects for the spatial development of

population resettlement become tangible in many

respects through the emergence of a certain set of

distribution of regional development points, which

can be understood as the creation of new centers of

innovative growth, combining the concentration of

human, technological and organizational potentials.

This is due to the need to preserve and increase the

available economic potential both within the

boundaries of individual settlements (usually cities)

and in connecting such potentials of several

settlements (Murtazova, 2021; Shchetinina, 2020).

The forms of spatial organization of the economy are

directly related to the location of economic entities

(enterprises) in a given territory. The location of

economic entities (enterprises) is understood as their

spatial organization, which implies the consolidation

for a long period of time of certain types of production

activities on the basis of the social (territorial and

sectoral) division of labor. For the regional economy,

the main forms of spatial organization are industrial

and transport hubs, regional clusters and network

structures, industrial agglomerations, through which

an increase in economic effects in progressive types

of economic activity that produce the emergence of

growth poles is ensured. The practical value of the

growth poles at present and in the near future will be

manifested in the fact that the most “advanced” types

of industrial activity in technical and technological

terms are becoming “locomotives”, “drivers”, to

which other types of economic activity will try to

join. Thus, forming a kind of synergistic effect within

the boundaries of the entire territory on which they

are located. The role of growth poles will especially

increase to fill the shortage of labor, the shortage of

which is already being felt in certain sectors of

material and non-material production (in particular,

against the backdrop of the coronavirus epidemic,

when a significant number of migrants were forced to

leave their jobs and return to their historical

homeland).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Consideration of the regional economic space

through its main components (territory, population,

regional economy and economic relations) allows us

to identify possible directions (which at the moment

can be qualified as the main ones) of its development.

Considering the spatial development of the region as

a change in the parameters of its main forms (forms

of the spatial organization of the population: the

supporting frame of settlement, concentration and

dispersal of settlements across the territory; and forms

of spatial organization of the regional economy:

various configurations of ways to organize the

activities of business entities) and a change in its basic

properties (homogeneity / heterogeneity), it can be

assumed that, in essence, such development can be

reduced directly to quantitative and qualitative

changes in the structures that form its basis (Harper,

2020). Thus, the spatial development of the region

Actual Economic Problems of Building Market Relations

should be understood as ongoing changes in the

structure, composition and characteristics of the main

forms of spatial organization of the population and

forms of spatial organization of the regional economy

within the boundaries of the corresponding territory.

In this context, the spatial development of the region

receives a new additional sound, which to a certain

extent can be qualified as the development of

economic space. The possible development of the

economic space should involve not only changes in

the forms of spatial organization of the population

and economy, but also changes in the connections and

relations both between these forms and within them.

So, for example, Russian companies are trying to

unite a group of companies into a holding in order to

control the production of the smallest part. High-tech

companies should take advantage of innovative

technologies that have been acquired through their

research, as well as in cooperation with leading

technology companies such as competitors and

suppliers, including co-production of certain products

and market entry. To increase the competitiveness of

new products and enterprises, it is necessary to create

optimal production models, get rid of surpluses, fixed

assets, increase labor productivity and implement

effective management systems for enterprises. Thus,

at the stage of implementing the strategy for the

production of new competitive products at high-tech

enterprises, the organization's own resources must be

transformed, tested, improved, as well as all unique

operations that ensure product differentiation or

protection of intellectual property. An alternative to

the raw material model of economic development for

the Russian Federation is the path of innovative

development, which involves increasing the

efficiency of human capital and ensuring innovative

progress through the rational use of knowledge

(Harper, 2020). According to Russian practice, the

process of releasing new goods should be carried out

outside the current production. This opinion is due to

the fact that the goals and objectives of running a

business are very different from the principles of

running a new business. In the first case, all efforts

are aimed at ensuring the efficiency and sustainable

quality of existing production, and in the second - at

minimizing risks, which implies a high degree of

uncertainty.

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TLLIC 2022 - I INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "ACTUAL ISSUES OF LINGUISTICS, LINGUODIDACTICS AND

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION"