Determinants of COVID-19 Protocol Compliance Behaviour in
Adolescents
Nia Musniati and Fitria
Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Indonesia
Keywords: COVID-19, Health Protocol, Adolescents.
Abstract: Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic is a threat to everyone, including teenagers. The transmission of COVID-
19 in adolescents will have an impact on adolescent productivity, overall health, and social impacts such as
stigma and discrimination in infected adolescents. The data on adolescents infected with COVID-19 is
estimated at 10% of the overall COVID-19 patients, but the impact of this COVID-19 on adolescents will
reduce productivity and trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of health
protocol compliance behaviour in preventing COVID-19 in adolescent students of SMA Muhammadiyah 13
Jakarta. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. The sample is some students of
SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta as many as 127 students. The Distribution of the questionnaire was carried
out on June-July 2022. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between health protocol
compliance behaviour with gender, knowledge, attitude, family support, teacher support, friend support,
information, media, counselling. The attitude variable is the dominant variable that influences protocol
compliance behaviour in adolescents.
1 INTRODUCTION
The world at the beginning of 2020 experienced a
COVID-19 pandemic. The global situation as of
August 8, 2022 shows the number of confirmed cases
581,686,197, deaths 6,410,961 with 232 countries
infected (Kemenkes RI, 2022). COVID-19 cases in
Indonesia as of August 31 showed 6,354,245 cases
with the highest number of cases being in the
province of DKI Jakarta 1,392,192 (Satuan Tugas
Penanganan COVID-19, 2022). One of the ways to
control and prevent COVID-19 is to break the chain
of the spread of COVID-19. Breaking the chain of
transmission of COVID-19 can be done by
implementing health protocols with discipline such as
washing hands with running water using soap or hand
sanitizer and not touching the face area before
washing hands, wearing masks, and keeping a
distance in every activity (Kemenkes RI, 2020).
Currently the COVID-19 pandemic is a threat to
everyone, including teenagers. The transmission of
COVID 19 in adolescents will have an impact on
adolescent productivity, overall health and social
impacts such as stigma and discrimination in
adolescents who are infected. The impact of COVID
19 for teenagers will reduce productivity and trauma.
There are many factors that cause adolescents to
contract COVID-19. Based on the research results of
Afrianti & Rahmiati (2021) & Fadilah, Pariyana,
Aprilia, & Syakurah (2020), found that the
determinants of the COVID-19 health protocol are
age, gender, education, knowledge, attitudes, and
motivation. Based on research by Hidayati, Musniati,
Hidayat, & Nurmansyah (2022) it shows that 61.2%
of respondents have good COVID-19 prevention
behaviour. The results also showed that there was a
significant relationship between preventive behaviour
and counselling, health motivation, advertising,
perceived benefits, media access and perceived
barriers.
The results of the BPS 2020 survey stated that
respondents with an age range of 17-30 years in
complying with health protocols were lower than
those in the above age range (BPS, 2020). The
purpose of this study was to determine the
determinants of health protocol compliance
behaviour in preventing COVID-19 in adolescent
students of SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta.
186
Musniati, N. and Fitria, .
Determinants of COVID-19 Protocol Compliance Behaviour in Adolescents.
DOI: 10.5220/0011662500003608
In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Social Determinants of Health (ICSDH 2022), pages 186-189
ISBN: 978-989-758-621-7; ISSN: 2975-8297
Copyright
c
2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
2 METHOD
This study is a quantitative analytic study with a
cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at
SMA Muhammadiyah 13 Jakarta. The sample of this
research was 127 students of SMA Muhammadiyah
13 Jakarta. Stratified random sampling technique is
used in this study.
Data collection was carried out in June-July 2021.
The study used a questionnaire instrument that was
distributed online via Google Form. The instrument
is equipped with Approval After Explanation and
passes the ethical test with no. 03/21.06/01057 from
the UHAMKA health research ethics commission.
The questionnaire link was distributed to all
homeroom contacts of each class (grades 1, 2 and 3).
Next, the homeroom teacher distributed questionnaire
links to social media per class. Data processing and
analysis was carried out with the SPSS application.
The analysis carried out is univariate, bivariate and
multivariate analysis.
The variables in this study consisted of the
dependent and independent variables. The dependent
variable is the behaviour of the health protocol. The
independent variables are gender, knowledge,
attitudes, information exposure, counselling, media
access, family support, teacher support, and friend
support.
3 RESULT
Table 1 shows that more respondents have COVID-
19 protocol behaviors that are compliant (52.8%),
female gender (59.8%), less knowledge (78.0%), less
attitude (71.7%), information exposure is not good
(51.2%), counseling is not good (60.6), and media
access is not good (81.1%), family support is less
supportive (72.4%), teacher support is not good (52
0,0%), friend support is not good (70.1%).
Table 2 shows that there is a significant
relationship between the behavior of the COVID-19
protocol with gender (P−value 0.021), knowledge
(P−value 0.033), attitude (P−value 0.000),
information exposure (P−value 0.000), counseling
(P−value 0.000), media access (P−value 0.009),
family support (P−value 0.000), teacher support
(P−value 0.000), peer support (P−value 0.000). Table
3 shows that from the multivariate analysis, the most
dominant variable associated with the behavior of the
student's COVID-19 protocol was attitude with an
OR of 4.277.
Table 1: Subject Distribution.
Variable n Percentage (%)
COVID-19 Protocol Behaviou
r
Obey 67 52.8
Not obe
y
60 47.2
Total 127 100
Gende
r
male 76 59.8
female 51 40.2
Total 127 100
Knowled
g
e
not goo
d
99 78.0
g
oo
d
28 22.0
Total 127 100
Attitude
not goo
d
91 71.7
g
oo
d
36 28.3
Total 127 100
Information
not goo
d
65 51.2
g
oo
d
62 48.8
Total 127 100
Counselin
g
not goo
d
77 60.6
g
oo
d
50 39.4
Total 127 100
Media
not goo
d
103 81.1
g
oo
d
24 18.9
Total 127 100
Famil
su
ort
not goo
d
92 72.4
g
oo
d
35 27.6
Total 127 100
Teacher su
pp
ort
not goo
d
61 48.0
g
oo
d
66 52.0
Total 127 100
Friend support
not
g
oo
d
89 70.1
goo
d
38 29.9
Total 127 100
4 DISCUSSION
The results of the research carried out are in line with
the research of Wiranti, Sriatmi, & Kusumastuti
(2020) which shows a relationship between the
attitude variable towards the PSBB policy with p =
0.000 (p < 0.05), where compliant respondents are
superior to respondents with a positive attitude. There
is a relationship between gender and adolescent
COVID-19 protocol behaviour. Other Research by
Zhong in 2020, there is a significant relationship
between gender and COVID-19 prevention measures
Zhong et al. (2020). Knowledge also has a significant.
Determinants of COVID-19 Protocol Compliance Behaviour in Adolescents
187
Table 2: Relationship between Covid-19 Protocol.
relationship with behaviour of COVID-19 protocols
(p = 0.015 < 0.05), where the majority of people with
high knowledge have good compliance (Afrianti &
Rahmiati, 2021).
Hidayati et al. (2022) also show that there is a
relationship between the media and prevention
behaviour. Such as getting information from television
(p 0.027), getting information from seminars or
counselling (p 0.001), and getting information from
social media (p 0.000). The media is very accessible
to teenagers, so the media plays a role in conveying
information to teenagers, including information on
health protocols.
Family support, teacher support, and support in
this study showed a significant relationship with
health protocol behaviour in adolescents. Based on
Lawrence Green's precede-proceed theory which
states that support is one of the reinforcing factors that
support the occurrence of certain behaviours (Green
& Kreuter, 2005; Saifah, Sahar, & Widyatuti, 2019).
Support from family, teachers, friends can
motivate adolescents to carry out health behaviours
such as obeying health protocols. This is also
supported by the research results of Hidayati et al.
(2022) which shows that health motivation is very
dominant in influencing COVID-19 prevention
behaviour.
Table 3: Multivariate Result.
Variable P−value OR
Attitude 0.004 4.277
Teacher support 0.015 3.060
Friend Su
pp
ort 0.013 3.722
Information 0.048 2.409
Constant 0.000 0.001
Variable
COV I D-19 Pr ot ocol
behaviour
P−val ue
PR
95% CI
Obey Not obey
T
o
t
a
l
n % n %
n %
Gender
m
a
l
e
33 64.7 18 35.3 51 100
0.021
2.265
(1.090-4.704)
f
e
m
a
l
e
34 44.7 42 55.3 76 100
K
now
l
e
d
g
e
not good 57 57.6 42 42.4
99 100
0.033
2.443
(1.024-5.829)
goo
d
10 35.7 18 64.3 28 100
Att
i
tu
d
e
not good 58 63.7 33 36.3
91 100
0.000
5.273
(2.216-12.548)
good 9 25.0 27 75.0
36 100
Information
not good
45 69.2 20 30.8 65 100
0.000
4.091
(1.951-8.577)
good
22 35.5 40 64.5 62 100
Counselling
not good
51 66.2 26 33.8 77 100
0.000
4.168
(1.951-8.904)
good
16 32.0 34 68.0 50 100
Media
not good
60 58.3 43 41.7 103 100
0.009
3.389
(1.293-8.880)
goo
d
7 29.2 17 70.8 24 100
F
a
m
i
l
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
not good
58 63.0 34 37.0 92 100
0.000
4.928
(2.068-11.742) goo
d
9 25.7 26 74.3 35 100
T
e
ach
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
not good 46 75.4 15 24.6
61 100
0.000
6.571
(3.013-14.331) goo
d
21 31.8 45 68.2 66 100
F
r
i
e
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
not good 59 66.3 30 33.7
89 100
0.000
7.375
(3.013-18.053)
goo
d
8 21.1 30 78.9 38 100
ICSDH 2022 - The International Conference on Social Determinants of Health
188
5 CONCLUSIONS
Determinants of health protocols in adolescents are
gender, knowledge, attitude, family support, teacher
support, friend support, information, media, and
counselling. The attitude variable is the dominant
variable that influences protocol compliance
behaviour in adolescents.
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