Chinese Traditional Art Architecture of "Dongpo Red Cliff" in

Huanggang, Hubei Province

Meihwa Zhou

and Minhwa Zhou

College of Literature, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei, China

Keywords:

Dongpo, Huanggang, Dongpo Red Cliff, Dongpo Culture, Huanggang Red Cliff.

Abstract: As long as it is a valued ancient Chinese architecture, the overall architecture will be planned on a central

axis. The Imperial Palace, Ancestral Temple and Emperor's Tomb are all designed according to this

specification. The "Dongpo Red Cliff" in Huanggang, Hubei Province is also built according to this

specification. "Red Cliff on Dongpo" is "Huanggang Red Cliff". Dongpo was relegated to Huangzhou due to

the "Wutai Poem Case" and wrote three Red Cliff Fu, which made "Huanggang Red Cliff" receive special

attention and become a very important cultural scenic spot. Huanggang Red Cliff was built in the Western Jin

Dynasty. Since the factor of "Dongpo Culture", the degree of attention and protection has been strengthened.

Although it was burned due to war in each period, it was rebuilt.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the north of Hanchuan gate, the ancient city of

Huangzhou, Hubei Province, there is a steep rock like

a wall. Because the color of the rock is red, it is called

"Red Cliff". Huanggang red cliff, also known as

"Dongpo Red Cliff", was listed as the first batch of

key cultural relics protection units in Hubei Province

in 1956 and included in The Grand View of famous

scenic spots in China in 1988. The whole Dongpo

Red Cliff scenic spot is composed of Chibi mountain,

Yiping mountain, Jubao mountain and Longwang

mountain. The mountain trend is north-south, steep

cliffs, 76 meters above sea level, covering an area of

more than 500 mu (Liu, 2005). "Dongpo Red Cliff"

is not only a strange building formed by steep cliffs,

but also an important artistic index to show "Dongpo

Culture" and Chinese traditional architecture.

2 INTRODUCTION TO RED

CLIFF ON DONGPO

2.1 Overall Planning of Chibi on The

Dongpo Red Cliff

The whole Dongpo Red Cliff scenic area is north-

south, imitating the planning form of ancient palaces,

and stands on a central axis. All buildings are

traditional buildings in ancient China (Photo 1). They

are not only antique, but also poetic and picturesque.

Enter through the gate, with the corridor Pavilion on

the left and the path on the right. You can walk to the

"Hanchuan Gate", which is the ancient city wall that

has survived now. A section of Huangzhou ancient

city is rebuilt on the "Hanchuan Gate". After the

ancient city extends northward to the "Ink Washing

Pool", a "Qingyuan Gate" is built. The ancient city

extends to Shengli Street to the south, and then a

"Qinghuai Gate" is built. The city walls are made of

local red stones, with a height of 8m-6m.

Go along the central axis, cross a traditional

Chinese Bridge, and enter a large square. There is a

memorial archway shaped "West gate" in the

northwest of the square, and the "Red Cliff

Management Office". It is not only the management

canter of the whole park, but also an important

institution to study "Dongpo Culture". At present,

there are two key areas for Huanggang City to study

"Dongpo" and "Chibi". One is "Chibi Management

Office", which is presided over by Mr. Wang

Linxiang. The other is Su Dongpo College of

Huanggang Normal University, presided over by

President Chen Zhiping.

The square goes along the central axis and enters

the "South Gate Ticket Office". After entering from

the "South Gate Ticket Office", there is a corridor

Pavilion on the left and a lake along the square on the

Zhou, M. and Zhou, M.

Chinese Traditional Art Architecture of "Dongpo Red Cliff" in Huanggang, Hubei Province.

DOI: 10.5220/0011737000003607

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Public Management, Digital Economy and Internet Technology (ICPDI 2022), pages 363-366

ISBN: 978-989-758-620-0

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

363

right, forming an opposite "s" shape in the whole

scenic spot. After crossing the small bridge along the

central axis, there is "Red Cliff Nostalgic Stele

Corridor" on the right, and "Crape Myrtle Garden"

and "Cherry Blossom Garden" on the left. Continue

to the left, you can enter the "Viewing Pavilion" and

"Viewing Platform" in the lake. Further to the left is

the "Two Stele Corridors of Chibi Fu" engraved with

two poems of`Chibi Fu on Dongpo (Su Shi).

Walking along the central axis, you can see the

"Dongpo Statue" with white stone sculpture. After

the "Dongpo Statue", the most important area of

"Dongpo Red Cliff" is the steep cliff of "Red Cliff".

There are stairs on both sides. Climb up along the left

ladder and you can see the "Ancient Gate Building"

engraved with "Dongpo Red Cliff". The white

towering building is inlaid with the inscription of

"Red Cliff on The East Slope" with red piping in the

middle. On the left is a dense green bamboo forest,

and on the right is a cliff cut stone wall with the word

"Red Cliff", which gives people a very comfortable

visual enjoyment.

After passing through the "Ancient Gate

Building", you will pass through the "Sprinkling

River Pavilion", "Poxian Pavilion", "Sleeping

Immortal Pavilion" and "Putting Turtles Pavilion". If

you go north, you will pass " Two Fu Tang", "Liuxian

Pavilion", "Tianquan", "Beige", "Dongpo Temple",

"Qixia Tower" and "Wenhe Pavilion", which belong

to "Chibiji Scenic Spot".

"Chibiji Scenic Spot" is followed by "Three

Mountains Scenic Spot". Three mountains refer to

Yuping mountain, Jubao mountain and Longwang

mountain, covering an area of about 25hm.

occupies the largest area of "Dongpo Chibi Scenic

Spot".

2.2 The Key to The World's Attention

to "Dongpo Red Cliff"

The most important reason why Huanggang Chibi is

famous is that Su Dongpo, a great scholar in the

Northern Song Dynasty, was relegated to Huangzhou

in the third year of Yuanfeng (1080) due to "The

Wutai Poetry Case". After coming to Huangzhou,

Dongpo was still in shock at the beginning. He hardly

dared to go out during the day and at night. However,

Dongpo is a famous great scholar. Although he

encountered great difficulties in politics, many

people still wanted to associate with him after coming

to Huangzhou. Therefore, Dongpo soon adapted to

the life of Huangzhou. On the night of August 6, the

third year of Yuanfeng, Dongpo took his eldest son

Su Mai to Chibi to row. That visit to Chibi left a

particularly good impression on Dongpo. Since then,

as long as the weather was sunny, he often rowed a

boat to the nearby beach and picked up small red and

yellow stones (Zhou, 2020).

Dongpo not only liked to visit Huanggang Chibi,

but also wrote "Former Chibi Fu", "Post Chibi Fu"

and "Niannujiao. Chibi Nostalgia" in the fifth year of

Yuanfeng (1082). Among them, "Chibi Nostalgia"

wrote: "it may be the Chibi ancient battlefield fought

by Zhou Yu and Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms

period of the Eastern Han Dynasty". Dongpo's poem

is so famous that Huanggang Chibi has become a very

important tourist attraction. However, it must be

noted that the real Chibi ancient battlefield is not in

Huanggang, but in Xianning City, Hubei Province.

Because the Red Cliff nostalgia of Dongpo made the

academic circles have two debates on the ancient

battlefield of Red Cliff, later, the Red Cliff of

Xianbing was called "Wuchibi" and the Red Cliff of

Huanggang was called "Wenchibi".

3 CONSTRUCTION AND

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF

CHIBI ON DONGPO

3.1 Characteristics and Historical

Evolution of "Red Chibi"

"Red Cliff" is also called "Red Nose Mountain",

because it is not only a Red Cliff, but also prominent

and drooping rocks, shaped like human nose, so it is

called "Red Nose Mountain". Dongpo said in the

Former Chibi Fu: "Wuchang can be seen in the west,

Ezhou in the East, surrounded by mountains and the

Yangtze River." In Nostalgia of Red Cliff, it is also

described that red cliff has "all kinds of strange stone

walls. The stone walls are very high, like rushing to

the clouds. The Yangtze River flows through here and

hits the stone wall violently. The huge white spray

looks like a thousand piles of snow. " Today, we can't

see the Yangtze River with huge water potential in

Red Chibi, because the waterway of the Yangtze

River has changed, but we can see that "Dongpo

Chibi" is indeed standing on red steep rocks.

Walking into the "Dongpo Red Cliff Scenic

Spot", you can see the word "Red Cliff" engraved on

the steep rocks (Photo 2) "Huanggang Chibi" has

been built for more than 1700 years since the Jin

Dynasty. It covers an area of more than 500 mu. It is

all traditional Chinese Pavilion buildings with

beautiful bamboo forests. In addition, calligraphy and

stone carvings are also a major essence of "Dongpo

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Red Cliff". There are more than 700 calligraphy and

painting inscriptions of celebrities in previous

dynasties, and more than 100 calligraphy and

painting inscriptions of Su Dongpo, which is the most

preserved area of Su Dongpo's calligraphy

inscriptions in China (Zhou, 2020).

The "Dongpo Red Cliff" in Huanggang was built

in the early Western Jin Dynasty. It was burned down

by war in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Ming

Dynasty. Therefore, it was rebuilt in the Northern

Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing

Dynasty. The "Red Cliff on Dongpo " seen now was

rebuilt in the seventh year of Tongzhi of the Qing

Dynasty (1868), and continued to be built after the

founding of new China in 1949 (Shi Zhipeng).

List of Chibi construction in Huanggang (east

slope) in previous dynasties.

Times Builde

Buildin

Destro

Early Western Jin

Dynasty

Quinn Build "Hengjiang

Pavilion" in the south of

Chibi mountain.

Northern Song

Dynasty

There are Qixia building,

yuepo building, bamboo

building and Hanhui

uildin

In the second year of Jiading in the Southern

Song Dynasty (1209), it was attacked by Jin

soldiers and burned down in Huangzhou.

the Ming dynasty Rebuild four buildings,

and build Xianjiang

tower, Shuiyue Pavilion,

Wenhe Pavilion,

Dongbai Pavilion,

Shaojiang Pavilion,

Gongshi Pavilion,

Fuchun Pavilion,

Linjiang Pavilion and

Wanren hall.

It was burned in the war in the 16th year of

Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1643).

The seventh year

of Tongzhi reign

of the Qing

Dynasty (1868)

Now the buildings on the

Red Cliff.

After 1949 The main gate has been

rebuilt and expanded

many times, and the

plaque "Dongpo Red

Cliff" has been written

again. Mao Dun and

some cultural celebrities

have named some

pavilions and courtyards

in The Red Cliff

Dongpo.

Since 1930, Kuomintang troops occupied

Chibi in Dongpo for three years,seriously

damaged the red cliff on Dongpo. When

Chiang Kai Shek knew about that, he

immediately issued an order in Wuhan: No

army is allowed to enter The Red Cliff

Dongpo to live, nor is it allowed to destroy

any books and ancient cultural relics.

(Photo 1)

(Photo 2)

Chinese Traditional Art Architecture of "Dongpo Red Cliff" in Huanggang, Hubei Province

365

4 CONCLUSION

"Dongpo Red Cliff" is a scenic spot designed with

"Dongpo Culture" as the main body. The main body

of the scenic spot stands on the steep stone cliff. The

red stone wall and green bamboo forest match each

other, which is a great visual enjoyment. The

buildings, platforms, pavilions and pavilions in Chibi

scenic spot are designed completely according to the

aesthetics of ancient Chinese traditional architecture,

which makes the scenic spot more beautiful and full

of cultural flavor. Walking in The "Dongpo Red Cliff"

will remind people of The Red Cliff Nostalgia on

Dongpo and the scene that Dongpo once sat in a small

boat and played by the Red Cliff River. This is the

cultural feeling that all tourists visiting Chibi will

naturally rise.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This paper is the phased achievements of the Doctoral

Fund Project (2042020002) and (2042020003) of

Huanggang Normal University.

REFERENCES

Liu Ling (1986-), Landscape Impact Assessment in the

scenic areas dwvelopment—Taking DONFPOCHIBI

scenic area as an ample, Journal of Anhui Normal

University (Natural Science), Vol.28 No.4 Dec.2005.

Minhwa Zhou (1971-), If "there is no grass at the end of the

world" is regarded as the "chicken soup" of love, Su

Dongpo will be "angry", Watch the news, 2020.11.1.

Su Shi (1037-1101), Collected Works of Su Shi, Beijing.

Shi Zhipeng (1965-), Chibi culture on the Dongpo Red Cliff

of Huangzhou, Wuhan.

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