Reflection on the "Digital Pension" in Heilongjiang Province from the
Perspective of Public Management
Zekun Wang
Department of Finance and Public Administration in Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
Keywords:
"Digital Pension", Pension Industry Development, Public Administration.
Abstract: Under the general trend of the declining number of new-born population in China, population aging has
become a serious problem. As one of the provinces with the most serious problem of population aging in
China, Heilongjiang Province, "digital pension" will be an important measure to solve the problems of the
times. However, at present, the layout of elderly care service institutions is unreasonable and the brain drain
of the industry is serious. After this analysis, it is believed that strengthening the administrative intervention
of the public sector in the development of related industries can effectively promote the development of the
"digital pension" industry and promote the improvement of the practical ability of public management.
1 INTRODUCTION
With the continuous development of society,
Heilongjiang Province has become a province with a
relatively prominent aging problem in the country. In
the measurement process of population aging, we
often define the population aged 60 and over as the
elderly population, while the problem of population
aging in China is deepening (Figure 1). Based on
above elements, in the process of the seventh national
census, At present, the population aged 60 and over
65 in Heilongjiang Province has reached 7.3956
million and 4.7918 million respectively, 4.52% and
2.11% higher than the national average level of aging,
and the degree of aging has reached the third place in
China. However, in some regions of Heilongjiang
Province, the unreasonable allocation pattern of
pension resources and the imbalance between urban
and rural pension supply and demand still exist. With
the aging, digital technology has become the trend of
the times. Therefore, as the product of the
combination of the two trends of the times, "smart
elderly care" will inevitably become the main form of
the future elderly care industry.
2 RESEARCH STATUS
"digital pension" originated in the UK. In 1987, the
British life Trust Association put forward the concept
of "fully intelligent elderly care system" and
developed a new discipline "gerontechnology". The
initial purpose of discipline development was to
improve the integration of information technology
and elderly care, but the early concept was still
limited to "smart home-based elderly care". In 2010,
IBM has put forward the development and vision of
"smart city", in which "smart elderly care" is an
important part of the construction of "smart city". At
this time, the concept of "smart elderly care" has gone
beyond the boundary of "home-based elderly care"
and is developing towards the trend of "IOT based
elderly care", "Internet-based elderly care" and
"intelligent elderly care", Its core significance is to
apply advanced management technology and
Figure 1: Growth of the elderly population in China.
400
Wang, Z.
Reflection on the "Digital Pension" in Heilongjiang Province from the Perspective of Public Management.
DOI: 10.5220/0011738500003607
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Public Management, Digital Economy and Internet Technology (ICPDI 2022), pages 400-405
ISBN: 978-989-758-620-0
Copyright
c
2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
information technology to closely link the "pension
model" with government pension institutions,
medical institutions and maintenance personnel. In
2010, the concept of "information-based elderly care"
first appeared in Chinese academic circles, followed
by new terms such as "science and technology elderly
care". Around 2013, scholars represented by MeiYun
Zuo first promoted the concept of intelligent elderly
care, believing that intelligent elderly care is to
provide security, medical care, entertainment, leisure,
learning and exchange services for the elderly
through the Internet, IOT, social networks and mobile
networks, At the same time, it analyzes, monitors,
uploads and disposes the old information to realize
intelligent interaction. Up to now, there has been
relatively little research on the management of public
administration departments for the "digital elderly
care" industry. Therefore, this research hopes to fill
the gaps in relevant fields and promote the service
practice ability of public administration departments
for the development of relevant industries. (Zuo,
2020).
3 DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
This paper believes that the current development of
the digital pension system in Heilongjiang Province
is slow, which is mainly reflected in two aspects. On
the one hand, there is a lack of embedded digital
technology application, which is mainly reflected in
the construction of public elderly care institutions and
private elderly care institutions. The weak awareness
of digital development leads to a serious disconnect
between the operation of modern elderly care
institutions and the application of digital technology.
As a result, the development of relevant industries
runs counter to the requirements for the
modernization of the elderly care system in the
outline of the fourteenth Five-Year Plan for national
economic and social development of the people's
Republic of China. On the other hand, it is reflected
in the absence of functions for public service
institutions with social security as their main function
in the development of "digital pension".
3.1 "Digital Pension" Industry Lacks
Development Rules
Due to the lack of standards formulated by the Public
Administration for the elderly care industry, the
development of the elderly care industry in China is
at a standstill in today, and the uneven service quality
of the elderly care institutions leads to the old people
doubts about the quality of the elderly care service.
From the perspective of intelligent elderly care
products, due to the lack of quality supervision
system for relevant products, the old people’s
information security There are doubts about the
service quality. Due to the lack of institutional
guarantee, it is difficult for the industry to form a
virtuous cycle of market development and the birth of
incentive mechanism. On the one hand, it is difficult
to form a normal industrial chain. On the other hand,
the competition ecology within the industry has
deteriorated seriously, which is not conducive to the
overall development of the industry (Wei, 2021).
3.2 Dilemma in The Supply and
Demand Balance of The Elderly
Care Service Industry
With the increasing reduction of family resources, the
"4-2-1" family model has become the mainstream
form of family composition in China, forcing the
elderly to change their concept of life. More and more
elderly people are willing to change the original
home-based elderly care model, especially the elderly
at the senior level will choose to stay in elderly care
institutions, hoping to get better medical care and
companionship. Nevertheless, the willingness of the
elderly in China to stay in pension institutions is
generally low. According to the latest data from the
Civil Affairs Department, there are 4.291 million
beds in pension institutions that have been built in
China, and only 2.146 million elderly people actually
live in. More than half of the public pension resources
are idle. From the perspective of regional supply, the
problem of uneven distribution of pension resources
between urban and rural areas occurs from time to
time. In 2021, the proportion of pension resources in
rural areas was only one third of that in cities.
However, from the perspective of rural demand, due
to the large mobility of rural labor, the living care and
spiritual comfort of the elderly in rural areas were
even less than that in cities. In 2021, the number of
empty-nesters in rural areas was 27.85 million, while
that in cities was 8.96 million. However, in real life,
the coverage rate of community elderly care
institutions is much higher than that of rural elderly
care institutions. As a result, the elderly in areas with
actual needs cannot be met. (Hu,2021)
3.3 Fault Between Intelligent
Technology and Elderly Care
Service
Compared with the development of "intelligent
Reflection on the "Digital Pension" in Heilongjiang Province from the Perspective of Public Management
401
elderly care" technology in foreign countries, the
development of this field in China is relatively slow.
Elderly care service institutions lack sufficient
attention to the use of intelligent elderly care
technology. At present, more than half of the elderly
care service institutions in Heilongjiang Province do
not have complete software and hardware supporting
facilities, relatively few service personnel, and the
utilization rate of new technology is generally not
high. In the development of intelligent elderly care
system. The problem of "emphasizing technology
and neglecting service" is common. On the one hand,
due to the lack of market guidance from public
management departments, public R & D departments
and private R & D departments related to pension
products blindly improve the information technology
content of products, ignoring the actual demand of the
times for aging products, resulting in a structural
deviation in the supply and demand level. The
continuously improved product quality does not meet
the market demand. On the other hand, In the process
of accepting high-tech products and intelligent
elderly care services, the elderly have a relatively low
degree of acceptance of intelligent elderly care
products due to the impact of traditional concepts and
rigid thinking, which leads to the fact that although
limited, intelligent service products with practical
functions cannot play their due value. (Chen, 2021)
3.4
The Supply of Elderly Care Service
Talents Is Seriously Insufficient
At present, there is a relatively large gap in the elderly
care service industry in Heilongjiang Province.
Nowadays, 1 million of the 7.3956 million old people
in Heilongjiang Province are disabled or semi-
disabled. However, only 300000 maintenance
personnel in Heilongjiang Province can not meet the
actual needs of the market. On the one hand, the
public's recognition of the elderly care service
industry is not very high, which can not attract more
high-end talents. At present, the cultural literacy and
professional level of the industry personnel have not
played a positive role in the development of the
industry (Figure 2). On the other hand, since 2015,
the number of civilian elderly care service institutions
has gradually exceeded the number of public elderly
care institutions, but at the operational level of elderly
care institutions, Due to the lack of national top-level
design, the problems of disordered management and
non-standard operation are obvious. Mergers
between industries and the sluggish industry prospect
force more people to leave the industry. From the
source, the current supply of professionals related to
the elderly care service industry can not meet the
requirements of the market, and a considerable
number of graduates of related majors choose to
apply for jobs in industries unrelated to their majors
after completing their professional studies, This has
led to a large talent gap in the industry.
Figure 2: Educational background distribution of talents in
the elderly care industry.
4 COUNTERMEASURES
4.1
Establish the Data System of
"Smart Elderly Care"
Based on Abraham H. Maslow’s "demand hierarchy"
theory, we can strengthen the information exchange
between the government and industry from the five
levels of self realization, respect demand, belonging
demand, security demand and physiological demand.
The development of "digital government" in the
public sector drives the construction and
improvement of the "digital elderly care" system.
Therefore, this paper believes that the construction of
the platform is based on the SOA framework system,
realizes the organic combination of big data
technology, cloud computing technology and the
elderly care platform, and establishes a platform to
help the elderly realize the multi-level combination of
elderly care, medical care and reemployment (Figure
3). The elderly are the main service objects of the
"smart elderly care" system. Meeting the basic needs
of service subjects is the key to the sound
development of relevant systems in the future. Only
by accurately and comprehensively analyzing the
needs of the elderly can we provide strong data
support for the improvement of the industrial chain,
the construction of the "smart elderly care" social
system and the research and development of
intelligent elderly care products. On the basis of the
platform, Based on cloud computing technology and
Graduates
of High
school
25%
Junior
college
graduates
38%
Undergra
duate
graduates
30%
Master's
degree
graduates
4%
Doctor's
degree
graduates
3%
ICPDI 2022 - International Conference on Public Management, Digital Economy and Internet Technology
402
Figure 3: platform system of the "digital elderly care".
Figure 4: The platform of Service architecture model of "digital elderly care".
Internet of things technology, this paper establishes
an elderly care service architecture model (Figure 4)
(Zhang,2020).
4.2
Strengthen the Construction of
"Digital Pension" Team
In view of the current insufficient supply of elderly
care talents in the industry, the public management
departments need to start from the aspects of talent
training and career development, start from the
aspects of talent training, accurately position talent
training, improve the professionalism,
professionalism and standardization of elderly care
service staff from the source, enhance the
development awareness of "smart elderly care"
within the industry, and actively promote the
industrial integration of the elderly care service
industry and the intelligent field, Ensure that the
service personnel can adapt to the era transformation
from the traditional elderly care level to the "smart
elderly care" level, strengthen the training of
compound talents in the industry, improve the
treatment level and social security of elderly care
service personnel from the perspective of career
development, especially the welfare treatment of staff
with intelligent technical ability, encourage
Reflection on the "Digital Pension" in Heilongjiang Province from the Perspective of Public Management
403
professionals in the field to start their own businesses,
and give certain preferential policies, While
encouraging graduates of this major to engage in
relevant work, attracting talents of better levels has
laid a solid foundation for the development of the
cause of "digital pension"(Jia,2022).
4.3 Strengthen the Integration of
"Smart Elderly Care" Resources
At present, there are y different elderly care
institutions in a region, and f elderly people choose to
provide for the aged in the elderly care institutions.
However, when the elderly choose the elderly care
institutions, there may be a situation of replacement,
which stipulates that each elderly person can only
choose k elderly care institutions. When y is large, it
means that there are many elderly care institutions in
the region, but excessive demand will inevitably lead
to a waste of social resources. When y is small, it
means that the number of elderly care institutions in
the region is small, and the needs of the elderly may
not be met. At this time, the number of elderly care
institutions established by the government in the
region must be several times. Assuming that each
institution has at least m elderly people to choose, it
can maximize social benefits. At this time, when the
public management department needs to establish y
institutions, it can not only ensure the maximization
of social benefits, but also ensure that it will not cause
waste of resources. Due to the service quality of the
elderly care institutions and other factors, the
probability of each institution being selected is
different, It is called preference probability. At this
time, each institution can be scored. The most
selected institution will be scored y points, followed
by y-1 points, and so on. The least selected institution
will be scored 1 point. As the needs of the elderly may
change, k institutions are randomly selected from y
institutions for combination. The score of a
combination is defined as the sum of the scores of
each institution in the combination. We know that
there are
c
k
y
combinations of k institutions randomly
selected from y institutional commodities. If all
combinations are marked as l, the score of L is
marked as f (L), so:
()
()
()
2
1
1
1
21
lf
+
−
−
+++
==
yy
k
y
y
y
k
y
c
kc
）（
If all combinations containing sub institutions I
are recorded as hi, the score of hi is recorded as f(Hi),
so:
()
()()
()
(
)
ik
y
yii
k
y
+−=
−
++++−++
−
−
1cHf
1
1121
1
1i
=
()()( )
()
(
)
12
211
1
1
c
−
−+−+
−
−
=
y
kyikyy
k
y
.
Thus, the preference probability p (Hi) of branch I
being selected is:
()
()
()
)1)(1(
)(2)1)(1(y
lf
Hf
i
i
Hp
−+
−+−+
==
yyy
kyiky
.
In particular, when i=1
)1(
)1(2
i
)H(p
+
−+
=
yy
kyk
, and
p(
1
H
)<p(
2
H
<…<p(
y
H
). Assume that the random
variable x is the number of people in the selected
institution that gets 1 point. Since the process of
selecting institutions for the elderly is independent of
each other, x ~ B (n, P). According to the Demoivre-
Laplace central limit theorem, when n is large, x ~ n
(np, np (1-p)),so,
()
)(P
)1( pnp
mnp
mX
−
−
Φ=≥
, due to
p(
1
H
)<p(
2
H
<…<p(
y
H
). Therefore, if the
probability that an organization will be selected by at
least m individuals is not less than a, social benefits
will be generated. So we can build the model:
(
)
α
≥Φ
−
npq
mnp
,
()
)1(
1)-y(kk2
p
+
+
==
yy
i
Hp
(p+q=1),
according to
(
)
α
≥Φ
−
npq
mnp
. According to the
standard normal distribution table:
r
np
=
−
npq
m
,
2
p
(
2
n +
2
n
r
)-p(2mn+
2
n
r
)+
2
m
=0, so,
()
[]
2
22
2
22
(2
)(42r2
p
）rnn
rnnmrmnmn
+
+−+++
=
.
Due to
()
)1(
1)-y(kk2
p
+
+
==
yy
i
Hp
, we can know that,
2
y
p-y(k-1-p)-2k=0, so,
p
kppkpk
2
8)1()1(
2
y
+−−+−−
=
.
From the above, we can get the solution
p
kppkpk
2
8)1()1(
2
y
+−−+−−
=
,
()
[]
2
22
2
22
(2
)(42r2
p
）rnn
rnnmrmnmn
+
+−+++
= . In
practical application, the public administration
department can determine the actual number of
elderly care institutions in a region according to the
number of f in a region, and allocate the
corresponding actual resource demanding. (wang,
2009)
4.4 Strengthen the Service Innovation
of "Smart Elderly Care"
From the perspective of public management, we will
strengthen the incubation of industry related R & D
enterprises and the cultivation of innovative markets,
ICPDI 2022 - International Conference on Public Management, Digital Economy and Internet Technology
404
and break the traditional product R & D concept of
"only technology". On the one hand, taking the public
R & D department as the main body and cooperating
with the private institutions in the process of R & D
of elderly care intelligent products, according to the
actual demand structure of the elderly, accurately
grasp the actual needs of the elderly at different levels
in physiology, safety, emotion, respect and self
realization, and constantly adjust the R & D direction
to avoid the redundancy and loss of R & D resources.
On the other hand. The publicity department has
strengthened the promotion of intelligent elderly care
industry and products, helped the elderly understand
the general environment of "digital pension", and
improved the recognition of intelligent home-based
elderly care products and intelligent institutional
elderly care products from the two aspects of
improving product quality and product cognition.
However, at this stage, due to the limitations of
hardware conditions and the cognitive ability of the
elderly group, intelligent elderly care cannot
completely replace the traditional elderly care model.
The development of intelligent elderly care also
requires the gradual penetration of "Internet +" and
other technologies into the lives of the elderly, the
formation of a complete "digital elderly care"
industrial chain, the fundamental purpose of which is
to meet the needs of the elderly for intelligent elderly
care with high quality, gradually promote the
development of various fields of the intelligent
elderly care industry, emancipate the mind, update
ideas, innovate technologies, and steadily promote
the high-quality and all-round development of the
"digital elderly care" industry.(zong,2021)
5 CONCLUSIONS
As a large province with an aging population,
Heilongjiang Province has many construction
highlights at the level of the traditional elderly care
service supply system. If it can be supported by the
construction of the "digital pension" system, it will
have greater development space. Therefore,
Heilongjiang Province should strengthen the
establishment of the elderly information database
with the intervention of the public management
department, promote the deep integration of
information technology and the elderly care system,
and improve the reserve and supply of talent teams,
Promote the development of digital elderly care
industry in Heilongjiang Province. With the
continuous improvement of the "digital elderly care"
service system, exploring the evaluation path of the
"digital elderly care" social governance and the
management mode of the digital elderly care platform
will be a new problem for the new integration of
public management and the "digital pension" industry
in the future.
REFERENCES
Fengying Wang. (2009). Mathematical model analysis of
customer selection problem.J. Scientific Consultation
(Decision Management).93.
Jian Hu. (2021). Uses digital technology to promote the
development of the elderly care industry. J. Hangzhou,
24.
Meiyun Zuo (2020). Opportunities and challenges for smart
elderly care.J. China's Social Work,20.
Qiang Wei & Jing Lu. (2021). Research on the digital
pension in the context of rapid aging.J.Journal of Hebei
University (PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL
SCIENCES), 99-107.
Ruixi Zhang & Hao Zhang. (2020). Digital pension to
promote the optimization of elderly care service
system: ideas and approaches.J. Administrative Forum,
139-145.
Ruixue Zong & DanYu Chan & Shuai Zhang. analysis on
the current situation and Countermeasures of digital
elderly care in Chuzhou.J. Economic Research Guide,
53-55.
Xue Wu. (2021). smart elderly care industry development
trend, practical dilemma and optimization path.J.East
China Economic Management, 1-9.
Xijie Jia (2022). Research on the problems and
Countermeasures of the elderly care service system in
Hebei Province. Journal of Shijiazhuang University. 27-
30+83.
[Yinghua Lu & Qi Miao. (2020). Research on key issues of
Digital Pension based on artificial intelligence.J.
Welfare Research, 1-6.
Youhua Chen & Wenjun Shao. (2021). connotation,
Dilemma and suggestions. J. JiangHuai Forum, 139-
145-193.
Reflection on the "Digital Pension" in Heilongjiang Province from the Perspective of Public Management
405
