Development of Web-Based Information Systems to Improve
Governance of Student Fieldwork Practices
I Ketut Suwintana, I Made Suarta and I Gusti Agung Oka Sudiadnyani
Department of Accounting, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia
Keywords: Information Systems, Web-Based, Fieldwork Practices.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to obtain a web-based information system that can be utilized in improving
the governance of field work practices. The system development life cycle (SDLC) with agile methods is
used in the development of this information system. This field work practice information system can meet
the need to increase effectiveness and efficiency in the governance of field work practices. The system was
developed web-based to make it easier for users to access from anywhere and anytime. This system is able
to support the governance of field work practices, through user interface features such as user login,
dashboard page, application page for field work practice, field work practice monitoring page, monitoring
report, field work practice report exam page, and field work practice test score list page. System testing also
shows that the app meets usability requirements. This system has some limitations, especially in the
accessibility that can be done by industrial users.
1
INTRODUCTION
Information system applications are developing very
dynamically as information technology advances.
Information systems in education have been
implemented to handle the academic system
(Mahenge & Sanga, 2016), from registration of
prospective students to reporting the results of the
learning process (Lupu, Bologa, Sabau, & Muntean,
2008; Riyanto & Johanez, 2018). In addition,
information systems are also used to support the
promotion of educational institutions (Casap, 2018),
financial management (Hartikayanti, Bramanti, &
Gunardi, 2018), management of research and
community service activities to student activities
(Topi, 2019; Martins, et al., 2019; Borkar, 2021).
Adaptation of technology and information systems
has facilitated various academic activities to improve
the quality of management and further improve the
quality of services provided by educational
institutions.
Field Work Practice is one form of academic
activity at the Bali State Polytechnic that must be
taken by every student towards the end of the study
period. The aim is to give students the opportunity to
know and experience firsthand the work process in
the company and to apply the knowledge gained
during lectures to be applied in the real world of
work. The implementation of field work practices at
the Department of Accounting at the Bali State
Polytechnic is carried out based on the applicable
service Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) by
taking into account the principles of simple,
participatory, accountable, sustainable, transparent
and fair.
Currently, the management of field work
practices in the Accounting Department has not been
supported by the application of information systems.
This condition raises problems such as limited
information on companies where field work
practices are carried out, registration of field work
practice plans is carried out manually, assignment of
field work practice supervisors, monitoring reports
and evaluations of field work practices by
supervisors, to final evaluation and assessment of
field work practice activities. The problems that
exist in the governance of field work practices have
certainly not met the expectations as stipulated in the
SOP for field work practices. Several studies have
shown that the greatest benefit of information
systems is their ability to provide users with the
information they need to perform tasks efficiently
(Marnewick, 2015; Waszkiewicza & Gumienny,
2021). The information system can produce specific
information to assist the implementation of tasks or
200
Suwintana, I., Suarta, I. and Sudiadnyani, I.
Development of Web-Based Information Systems to Improve Governance of Student Fieldwork Practices.
DOI: 10.5220/0011739900003575
In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 200-207
ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246
Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
decision making, the format of the information can
be adjusted to the user's needs, and the archived data
is very useful for preparing reports (Al -Mamary,
Shamsuddin, & Aziati, 2013; Sari & Priantinah,
2019). In addition, the existence of an information
system can reduce costs and improve operational
efficiency, provide better services, and provide
sustainable system availability (MCafee, 2002; Ali
& Abu-AlSondos, 2020).
Given the enormous benefits of information
systems, it is important to study through research on
the development of information systems in order to
obtain solutions to the specific problems that exist in
the governance of field work practices. The scope of
this research is limited to the development of
company/industry database systems, supervisory
lecturers for field work practices, students
participating in field work practices, reporting
systems for monitoring and evaluating field work
activities by supervisors and industry, to the final
assessment of field work practices. The information
system developed is a web-based application using
PHP and MySQL. The purpose of this development
research is to obtain a web-based information system
that can be utilized in improving the governance of
field work practices.
This research is expected to provide practical and
theoretical implications in an effort to improve the
governance of field work practices in the
Accounting Department of PNB. The contribution of
this research is in the form of a web-based
information system application that has been tested
for its usefulness in overcoming specific problems in
the governance of field work practices. In addition,
the contribution of this research can be used as a
reference in the development of similar information
systems considering the solutions to these problems
are in the form of conceptual and logical designs, as
well as algorithms that can be replicated.
2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In today's era, information is considered the most
valuable resource. In order to better manage the
organization, it is very important to manage
information systematically and sustainably.
Information can be defined as data that has been
processed in such a way that it is useful to the
recipient (Boell & Cecez-Kecmanovic, 2015). It
describes the qualities of information as meaningful,
easy to understand, reduces uncertainty, helps
monitoring and control, means of communication
that complements memory and helps simplify
procedures. Information becomes very important in
achieving organizational goals and objectives.
Organizations need to take advantage of the
opportunities offered by modern information
technology (IT) and information systems (IS) to
address the growing need for information. The
definitions of IS and IT are closely related, however,
they differ in their functions. Information technology
is more about hardware, software, and
telecommunications (Castagna & Bigelow, 2021). IT
refers to preparing, collecting, transporting,
retrieving, storing, accessing, presenting and
transforming information in all its forms (sound,
graphics, text, video and images). An information
system is a combination of interrelated components
such as hardware, software, and telecommunications
networks, working together to collect, create,
process, store, organize, and disseminate
information to support decision making,
coordination, analysis, and control in an
organizational setting (Zemmouchi- Ghomari, 2021;
Maiti, 2022). The main components of information
systems are computer hardware and software,
telecommunications, databases and data warehouses,
human resources, and procedures (Hasan, 2018).
The hardware, software, and telecommunications
constitute information technology (IT), which is now
ingrained in the operations and management of
organizations. Common types of information
systems are operations support systems,
management information systems, decision support
systems, and executive information systems.
Information systems have a great influence on
society, enabling more diverse human activities. In
this modern era, educational institutions need to use
various technological devices that can help them in
managing and running their institutions well (Gavua,
Okyere-Dankwa, & Offei, 2016; Topi, 2019).
Educational institutions need to choose a system or
software that can help them connect all operations in
the school. Having an education management
information system can help institutions make all
decisions faster along with providing a systematic,
simple and efficient work bringing complete
automation in everything (Sherifi, 2015; Musti,
2020). Educational information systems can be used
to manage student admissions, student management,
libraries, student-lecturer collaboration and
communication, as well as financing management.
Information system development involves
several stages and is circular in nature, including:
analysis of system requirements (system
specification requirements), design, implementation,
testing and deployment (Zarandi, Hosseinioun, &
Development of Web-Based Information Systems to Improve Governance of Student Fieldwork Practices
201
Salemi, 2014; Saravanan, 2017). This method is
known as the system development life cycle
(SDLC), is a standard process that needs to be
followed in system development starting from
analyzing, designing, implementing, and
maintaining information systems. In addition, there
is also a rapid development methodology which is
an approach to the development of modern software
systems (Saeed, Jhanjhi, Naqvi, & Humayun, 2019).
In this methodology, the client is involved in
analysis, design and implementation activities, as
well as accelerating the system development phase
through an iterative construction approach.
Field work practice or on the job training is a
mandatory academic program that must be followed
by students at the Bali State Polytechnic. Research
on the development of field work practice
information systems has been carried out by several
researchers using the SDLC method (Herawati,
Negara, Febriansyah, & Fatah, 2021; Syahputra,
Dalimunthe, & Sidabutar, 2022). The stages in
developing this system include analysis and
requirements definition, system design and database,
coding and implementation, and system testing. The
components of the system developed include
company/industry databases, supervisors, students, a
monitoring and evaluation reporting system for field
work activities by supervisors and industry, to the
final assessment of field work practice activities. As
part of the education management information
system, the field work practice information system is
able to provide information on the management of
field work practice activities quickly, precisely and
easily. Overall, the results of the study show that the
management of field work practices has become
more effective and efficient with the support of an
information system.
3
RESEARCH METHOD
The system development life cycle (SDLC) method
is used in the development of this field work practice
information system. SDLC is an approach, which
consists of several stages to analyze and design a
system that has been developed through the use of
cycles that are more specific to the activities carried
out (Silberschatz, Korth, & Sudharsan, 2011). SDLC
generally consists of four main phases, namely:
planning, analysis, design, and implementation. The
development model uses the Agile methodology
(Woodward, Surdek, & Ganis, 2010; Campbell,
2019), which is an application development
approach with continuous interaction of
development and testing during the SDLC process.
Through this approach, at the end of each sprint
phase, product functional improvements are
conveyed. Each new functional is directly added to
the product resulting in gradual project growth. With
features validated early in development, the chances
of potentially failing product delivery are much
lower. In the agile approach, software development
is possible in a short time (1-3 months) with one-by-
one feature development.
The first stage in application development is to
identify problems and collect the necessary data. The
next stage is conducting a needs analysis based on
the data and facts obtained, and then designing based
on the results of the analysis. The system design is
carried out using Context Diagrams and Data Flow
Diagrams (DFD) Level 1. Context diagrams for this
information system are as shown in Figure 1.
Context diagrams provide an overview of the system
in general by showing the inputs, processes, and
outputs of the system to be designed.
Figure 1: Context Diagram.
The process design is described using a data flow
diagram (DFD) level 0 (Figure 2). This information
system is designed to have 4 processes, namely
master data management, user profiles, field work
practice implementation management, and field
work practice exam management. There are 5
external entities involved, namely Academics,
Students, Supervisors, Companies, and Examiners.
The business process of this system begins with
the student submitting a field work practice to the
academic for a cover letter. The academic section
gives approval by making a cover letter and
distribution of supervisors. The supervising lecturer
monitors the implementation of field work practices
by checking the control activities made by students.
At the end of the activity period, students make
reports on field work practices and the company
provides values from the implementation of field
work practices that have been carried out.
iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science
202
Figure 2: DFD Level 0.
Furthermore, a field work practice report
examination is carried out which involves the
examiner lecturer. The final grade for the student's
field work practice is obtained from a combination
of grades from the company and test scores.
4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This study develops a web-based information system
that is used to improve governance in the
implementation of field work practices, by taking a
case study at the Bali State Polytechnic. This
development stage is in line with what has been
done by previous researchers (Herawati, Negara,
Febriansyah, & Fatah, 2021; Syahputra, Dalimunthe,
& Sidabutar, 2022).
4.1 User Interface Implementation
This field work practice information system was
developed web-based, so that it can be accessed by
users through internet browser applications. The user
interface developed includes: user login, dashboard
page, application page for field work practice, field
work practice monitoring page, monitoring report,
field work practice report exam page, and field work
practice test score list page.
a. User Login
Users must login first in order to use this
application. Login using the username and password
previously created by the admin.
Development of Web-Based Information Systems to Improve Governance of Student Fieldwork Practices
203
Figure 3: User login.
b. Dashboard Page
The dashboard is the main page of the application,
containing the user's identity and application menus
that can be accessed by the user.
Figure 4: Dashboard page.
c. Field Work Practice Application Page
This page is used for the process of making a cover
letter or application for field work practices, starting
from the process of making letters, filling out letter
numbers, and printing letters.
Figure 5: Field work practice application page.
d. Field Work Practice Monitoring Page
This page is used to print the minutes of monitoring
the implementation of student field work practices.
Figure 6: Field work practice monitoring page.
e. Print Monitoring Minutes
This page is used to print the minutes of the student's
field work practice monitoring activities. The
following is an example of a monitoring report.
Figure 7: Print monitoring minutes.
f. Exam Report Page
This page is used to provide information about the
field work practice report exam. From the student
user perspective, this page displays the exam
schedule for the field work practice report and
students can upload documentation during the exam.
Figure 8: Exam report page.
g. Exam Score Page
This page is used by examiners to input test scores.
Figure 9: Exam score page.
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Table 1: SUS score tabulation.
No Question
Respondent SUS
a b c d e a b c d e
1 I think that I would like to use this system frequently 4 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 3
2 I found the syste
m
unnecessarily complex 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3
3 I though
t
the syste
m
was easy to use 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 3
4 I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able to use this 1 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 3 4
5 I found the various functions in this syste
m
were well integrated 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
6 I thought there was too much inconsistency in this system 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 4 4 4
7 I would imagine tha
t
mos
t
people would learn to use this syste
m
very quickly 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 3
8 I found the syste
m
very cumbersome to use 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 4 4 4
9 I felt very confident using the system 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 3 3
10 I needed to learn a lo
t
of things
b
efore I could ge
t
going with this system 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 3 3
Score 34 33 35 35 33
SUS Score (Score x 2.5) 85 82,5 87,5 87,5 82,5
Average SUS score 85,00
4.2 System Testing
The information system that has been developed is
tested using the System Usability Scale (SUS)
method (Broke, 1996). The usability measure must
cover three aspects, namely effectiveness, efficiency,
and satisfaction. One of the advantages of the SUS
method is that it can be used on small sample sizes
with reliable results. SUS is also able to effectively
distinguish between usable and unusable systems.
The advantages of this SUS method are that it is
easy to use and accepted by respondents, can be
used in small research samples with accurate results,
and is proven valid in determining whether the
system can be used properly. The System Usability
Scale uses a five-level Likert scale, namely 1
strongly disagree, 2 disagree, 3 neutral, 4 agree, and
5 strongly agree.
Application testing in this study was conducted
with 5 respondents from prospective application
users (Table 1). The calculation of the measurement
results of the usability scale system is carried out in
the following way:
a. For each question in odd order, subtract one.
Example question 1 has a score of 4. Then
subtract 4 by 1 so that the score for question 1 is 3.
b. For each question in an even order, subtract the
score from five. Example question 2 has a score
of 1. Then subtract 5 by 1 so that the score for
question 2 is 4.
c. Add up the values of the even-numbered and
odd-numbered statements. Then the result is
multiplied by 2.5.
The average score of SUS is 85, and this score is
in the good category. This finding indicates that the
respondents agree that the application has met the
usability requirements. The development of this
information system is able to answer the research
objectives to facilitate the management of field work
practices. In line with the previous study of
information system development (Sari & Priantinah,
2019; Ali & Abu-AlSondos, 2020; Herawati,
Negara, Febriansyah, & Fatah, 2021; Syahputra,
Dalimunthe, & Sidabutar, 2022), this system is able
to manage databases related to field work practices
and is able to produce information according to the
format desired by the user. Thus, the management of
field work practices can be carried out more
effectively, improve operational efficiency, and
reduce costs because it uses paperless in its
governance.
5 CONCLUSIONS
The field work practice information system was
developed to meet the need for increased
effectiveness and efficiency in the governance of
field work practices. The system was developed
web-based to make it easier for users to access from
anywhere and anytime. This system is able to
support the governance of field work practices,
through user interface features such as user login,
dashboard page, application page for field work
practice, field work practice monitoring page,
monitoring report, field work practice report exam
page, and field work practice test score list page.
System testing also shows that the app meets
usability requirements. This system has some
limitations, especially in the accessibility that can be
done by industrial users.
This study recommends improving the interface
functionality so that it can be accessed by users from
the industry where field work practices are carried
Development of Web-Based Information Systems to Improve Governance of Student Fieldwork Practices
205
out. Managers or industrial supervisors where
students carry out field work practices are possible
to conduct assessments directly through this
information system. In addition, it is also necessary
to consider developing mobile-based applications,
considering that most of the users of this system are
students.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our gratitude to all parties,
especially students who have helped in system
testing and academics staff who have contributed to
this research. Also, to anonymous reviewers and the
editorial team for their support and help in
developing the paper.
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