Design Screw Conveyor Rice Milling Unit (RMU) Capacity 5 Tons for
Parit 1 Api-api Village
Firman Alhaffis and Alfansuri
Mechanical Engineering, Politechnic of Bengkalis State, Bathin Alam Sei Alam Bengkalis, Indonesia
Keywords: Screw Conveyor, Rice Milling, Design, FEA.
Abstract: Bukit Batu District has Parit 1 Api-api Village. Bengkalis Regency is an area that has an area of ± 68 ha of
rice plants. Api-api village is one of the rice production centers that have a potential location for rice
cultivation because it still has vacant land. The rice production process in Parit 1 Api-api Village is often
hampered by the rice milling unit (RMU) process. The process of transporting grain to the factory is carried
out in a very manual way, namely transporting dry grain to RMU by transportation. This of course requires a
lot of manpower. One option to assist these activities is to use a mechanical device in the form of a conveyor.
This study aims to design and analyze the design of conveyor construction. Autodesk Inventor simulation
using linear static analysis. Static analysis is an engineering discipline that determines the stresses in materials
and structures that are subjected to static forces or loads. Static analysis uses finite element analysis (FEA)
and aims to determine the structure or component, that can safely withstand the forces and loads that have
been determined. This condition is reached when the specified stress from the applied force is less than the
yield strength of 275 MPa under load. The results of the design are declared "safe" using 6061 aluminum
material on a screw conveyor with a maximum von Mises stress of 5.25 MPa with a safety factor scale of 15.
1 INTRODUCTION
The need for agricultural tools and machinery in
various fields is currently very much needed, this is
related to improving the quality and quantity of the
work carried out. Industry has proven that the
abundance of natural resources owned is not an
absolute guarantee for the prosperity of a nation. The
availability of skilled and skilled human resources as
well as mastering technology is a dominant factor that
can lead a nation to advance in the agricultural
industry.
Rice is a basic need for the Indonesian population.
As the population increases, causing rice
consumption to increase, therefore, it is necessary to
increase rice production to meet people's
consumption needs by increasing the production
system. The production system can be influenced in
the rice harvesting process, by accelerating the
process of cutting and threshing rice (Ibrahim, 2019).
The rice production process in Parit 1 Api-api
village is often hampered by the Rice Milling Unit
(RMU) process. The process of transporting grain to
the mill is carried out in a very manual way, namely
transporting the dried grain to the RMU by carrying
it. This, of course, requires an excess of human labor
(workload). An option to assist these activities is to
use a mechanical device in the form of a conveyor.
This study aims to design and analyze the design of
conveyor construction.
Conveyor is one part of the combine harvester that
serves to carry the rice stalks that have been cut to the
feeder and thresher holes. To make an optimal simple
harvester conveyor, it is necessary to pay attention to
the dimensions of checking the suitability of the
dimensions of the conveyor with the planned design
with the aim of knowing the conveyor manufacturing
process. The simple rice harvester machine in this
data analysis method accepts workpieces made using
the Solidworks 2016 (Muslimin etc, 2021
application).
The agricultural mechanism in a broad sense aims
to increase labor productivity, increase land
productivity and reduce production costs. The use of
tools and machines in the production process is
intended to increase efficiency, productivity
effectiveness, yield quality and reduce the burden on
farmers.
212
Alhaffis, F. and Alfansuri, .
Design Screw Conveyor Rice Milling Unit (RMU) Capacity 5 Tons for Parit 1 Api-api Village.
DOI: 10.5220/0011740800003575
In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 212-218
ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246
Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
2 MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
The working mechanism of the grain packaging
machine in brief is to collect grain from the floor
using a screw conveyor. Research analyzes the effect
of variations in the tilt angle of the screw conveyor
and variations in motor speed on the optimization of
the grain packaging machine. Based on the results of
experimental field tests that have been carried out, the
optimal capacity is obtained at the variation of the tilt
angle of the screw conveyor 100 and the motor speed
on the screw conveyor shaft 100 Rpm, with the result
of a capacity of 1,226 Kg/hour.
2.1 Conveyors
Conveyor is a mechanical system that has the
function of moving goods from one place to another.
Conveyors are widely used in industry for the
transportation of very large and sustainable goods.
Under certain conditions, conveyors are widely used
because they have economic value in the field of
heavy transportation such as trucks and transport cars.
Conveyors can mobilize goods in large quantities and
continuously from one place to another. The
relocation must have a fixed location so that the
conveyor system has economic value (Dianto, 2019).
Figure 1: Conveyor. Source: Dianto 2019.
The screw conveyor which is most suitable for
transferring solid or granular raw materials. As the
name suggests, this screw conveyor consists of a
blade that is twisted called a flight. This flight
revolves around an axis so that its shape resembles a
screw. From the two types of conveyors above, the
researcher concludes that the conveyor according to
the title raised is the screw conveyor.
Figure 2: Part of Screw Conveyor.
2.2 Static Stress Analysis
If a component receives the load received slowly,
without shock and is held at a constant value, then the
stress generated in the component is called static
stress. On the load of a structure due to the dead
weight of a building (Mott, 2009).
Figure 3: Static analysis FEA. Source: SN. Cubero, 2018.
2.2.1 Stress
Every material (object) is elastic in its natural state.
So if the external force acting on the object will
experience deformation, this resistance which is
united in area is called stress. If an elastic object is
pulled by a force, the object will increase in length up
to a certain size proportional to the force, which
means that there is a certain amount of force acting
on each unit length of the object. The force acting is
proportional to the length of the object and inversely
proportional to its cross-sectional area. The
magnitude of the force acting divided by the cross-
sectional area is defined as stress.
atau
(1)
2.2.2 Strain
Strain is defined as the quotient between the increase
in length and the initial length. If an object is hanging
on a rope, it creates a pulling force on the rope, so the
rope provides resistance in the form of an internal
force that is proportional to the weight of the load it
carries (action force = reaction).
The resistance response of the rope to the load
acting on it will cause the rope to tighten as well as
stretch as an effect of internal displacement at the
atomic level in the particles that make up the rope, so
that the rope experiences an increase in length.
Design Screw Conveyor Rice Milling Unit (RMU) Capacity 5 Tons for Parit 1 Api-api Village
213
Figure 4: Strain of schematic.
or
∆
(2)
2.2.3 Stress Strain Behavior
The test results usually depend on the test object.
Because it is very unlikely that we use a structure that
is the same size as the size of the test object, we need
to express the test results in a form that can be applied
to structural elements of any size. A simple way to
achieve this goal is to convert the test results to
stresses and strains. The stress-strain diagram is a
characteristic of the material being tested and
provides important information about mechanical
quantities and types of behavior.
Figure 5: Stress strain curve.
2.2.4 Modulus Young
Stress-strain is a characteristic of the material under
test and provides important information about
mechanical quantities and types of behavior.
The modulus of elasticity is often referred to as
Young's modulus which is the ratio between stress
and axial strain in elastic deformation, so that the
modulus of elasticity shows the tendency of a
material to deform and return to its original shape
when given a load.
The modulus of elasticity is a measure of the
stiffness of a material, so the higher the value of the
modulus of elasticity of the material, the less
deformation occurs when a force is applied. So, the
greater the value of this modulus, the smaller the
elastic strain that occurs or the stiffer it is. The amount
of increase in length experienced by each object when
stretched is different from one another depending on
the elasticity of the material.
It is concluded that the strain (ε) that occurs in an
object is directly proportional to the stress (σ) and
inversely proportional to its elasticity. This is
expressed by the formula:
or
(3)
Figure 6: Modulus elasticity (Modulus young).
2.2.5 Finite Element Analysis
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a numerical method
that can be used to find accurate solutions to complex
engineering problems. This finite element method is
a method that has been proven to be quite successful
so far to be used to analyze the stresses that occur in
structures. The basic concept of this method is
discretization, which is dividing objects into smaller
forms which still have the same properties as the
constituent objects.
This method is widely used to solve technical
problems and mathematical problems of a physical
phenomenon. The types of physical technical and
mathematical problems that can be solved using the
finite element method are divided into two groups,
namely the structural analysis group and the non-
structural problems group. The types of structural
problems include stress, buckling, and vibration
analysis (modal analysis), while non-structural
problems include heat and mass transfer, fluid
mechanics, and distribution of electric potential and
magnetic potential.
Figure 7: Fail creation komputational FEA.
FEA has become a solution for predicting the
strength of a material that cannot be shown in theory
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and allows designers to see all the theoretical forces
that occur in the model.
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, it is
necessary to arrange research stages. The following is
a research flow chart for the design of the conveyor
rice milling unit (RMU):
Figure 8: Flowchart of research.
3.1 Research Model
Modeling is the process of forming objects using a
computational system, so that the results of the model
(part) look real according to the original object. The
overall modeling process includes the formation of
parts, the assembly process (part assembly) and a
two-dimensional (2D engineering drawing)
projection model. The output of the modeling is in the
form of volume, mass, and so on.
Figure 9: Modeling as initial reference.
In planning a screw conveyor, the first thing to
consider is the manufacture of threads on the screw.
Initial planning in the manufacture of screw threads
is to determine in advance the screw diameter (D) and
the diameter of the axle or screw shaft (d). The
drawing of the planning for making the screw can be
seen in Figure 10.
Figure 10: Screw manufacturing planning.
3.2 Material
In this study, the material used is Aluminum 6061
with the following characteristics show in Table 1:
Table 1: Materials properties of Aluminum 6061.
Name
Aluminum 6061
General
Mass Density 2.7 gr/cm
3
Yield Strength 275 MPa
Ultimate Tensile Strength 310 MPa
Stress
Young's Modulus 68.9 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.33 ul
Shear Modulus 25.9023 GPa
Figure 11: Geometry of screw conveyor (mm).
Design Screw Conveyor Rice Milling Unit (RMU) Capacity 5 Tons for Parit 1 Api-api Village
215
It is shown in Figure 10 that the geometry is 10447
mm in total length and shaft diameter (d) 85 mm and
screw conveyor diameter (D) 400 mm.
Table 2: Number of mesh element and node.
Element
52158
Node
105305
3.3 Boundary Condition
Figure 12 shows the stages of FEA. Numerical
methods that can be used to solve structural problems.
The FEA simulation process is carried out for an
approach to real conditions that occur in materials and
structures. Observing and analyzing the load on the
components.
Figure 12: FEA method simulation stages.
Figure 13 shows the load point that occurs on the
screw conveyor. From the observations, two forces
occur, pure bending load and torsion.
Figure 13: Deflection and moment due at screw conveyor.
4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
Autodesk Inventor simulation results using linear
static analysis. Static analysis is an engineering
discipline that determines stresses in materials and
structures that experience static or dynamic forces or
loads (W. Younis, 2011). The static analysis uses the
finite element method and aims to determine the
structure or component, can safely withstand the
forces and loads that have been determined. The
condition is reached when the specified stress from
the applied force is less than the yield strength in
resisting the load. This voltage relationship is often
referred to as a safety factor and is used in many
analyzes as an indicator of success or failure in an
analysis (Wibawa, 2018).
The characteristics of the material will be known
if it is given a load. The purpose of this study was to
observe the effect of the load on the Aluminum 6061
material applied to the screw conveyor. The
maximum allowable stress limit in this design refers
to the yield strength value of CFRP, which is 275
MPa.
4.1 Von Mises Stress
The Von Mises stress results use color contours to
indicate the calculated maximum and minimum
stresses. Aluminum 6061 on the screw conveyor is
declared to begin to yield when the von Mises stress
reaches the yield strength value.
Figure 14: Maximum von Mises stress zone.
It is observed from Figure 14 that the overall
construction of Aluminum 6061 can support the load
very well, which is 5,623 MPa which is still far below
the yield value.
4.2 1
st
Principal Stress
The value of the 1
st
principal stress is the normal
tensile stress of a plane where the shear stress is zero.
1st principal stress to determine the zone of maximum
tensile stress that occurs on the screw conveyor due
to the interaction of loading and support as shown in
Figure 15. From the computational results, the 1st
principal stress value is only 7.067 MPa.
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Figure 15: The maximum tensile stress that occurs on the
conveyor.
4.3 3
rd
Principal Stress
Figure 16 shows the maximum yield of the 3
rd
Principal Stress is 1.169 MPa. The 3
rd
Principal Stress
functions to determine the normal compressive stress
that occurs in the frame where the shear stress is zero.
The distribution of compressive stress occurs in
almost all areas of the screw conveyor.
Figure 16: Zone 3
rd
Principal Stress.
4.4 Displacement
Displacement provides information on changes in the
shape of the screw conveyor from its original shape.
The computational results found the whole deformed
part. Maximum deformation 5.27 mm. Deflection is
quite large influenced by the load and the length of
the shaft which reaches 10 meters supported by each
end. Changes in the shape of the skeleton are not
permanent or are still in the elastic zone. Illustration
shown Figure 16 is shown in color for easy
identification.
Figure 17: The maximum deformation that occurs in the
conveyor is influenced by the length and pure bending.
4.5 Safety Factor
The safety factor of the 6061 aluminum screw
conveyor can be measured, calculated, and predicted.
If the safety factor equation is the ratio of yield
strength to maximum stress (actual stress), the value
must be greater than 1.0.
Figure 18: Safety factor material conveyor aluminum 6061.
Figure 18 illustrates that from 18 points and 1
moment applied, the results of a safety factor scale of
15 show that the Aluminum 6061 material conveyor
is very "safe".
5 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the analysis of the aluminum 6061 material
applied to the screw conveyor, it can be concluded
that:
1. When using 6061 aluminum material with a
density of 2.7 gr/cm3, the total weight of the
screw conveyor becomes 187 kg.
2. The maximum von Mises stress that occurs in one
of the zones is 5.623 MPa but overall it is still very
safe below the yield strength limit of 275 MPa.
3. The deflection that occurs is quite large in the
center of the screw conveyor. The maximum
deflection is 5.27 mm, this condition is influenced
by the applied load and the length of the shaft is
10 meters supported at each end so that there is a
deflection.
Design Screw Conveyor Rice Milling Unit (RMU) Capacity 5 Tons for Parit 1 Api-api Village
217
4. Further development needs to be combined with
several types of materials so that the ability of the
frame is under the applied load but lighter weight.
So it is more efficient in the production process.
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