Thoughts on Bidao Planning of the Shantou Rongjiang Basin

Guiling Mu

1,2,*

and Sen Wang

1,2

Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission, Guangzhou 510611, China

Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuary Regulation and Protection of Ministry of Water Resources,

Guangzhou 510611, China

Keywords: Wanli Bidao, the Shantou Rongjiang Basin, Construction Planning.

Abstract: High-quality construction of Wanli Bidao is version 3.0 of Guangdong's water treatment. Based on the

analysis of the Bidao basement in the Shantou Rongjiang Basin, we determined the current status of the Bidao

construction, identified the existing problems, analyzed the theme characteristics, and refined the Bidao

construction goals and overall layout. According to the existing problems and construction goals of the Bidao

construction, the specific construction tasks of the Bidao were determined item by item to provide technical

support for the Bidao construction in the Shantou Rongjiang Basin.

1 INTRODUCTION

Rongjiang is an important river along the east coast of

Guangdong. It originated from Phoenix Mountain in

Luhe County, Shanwei City. It flows from the

southwest to the northeast, passing through Jieyang

City and Shantou City, imports to the South China Sea

via Shantou Port.

The concept of Bidao was proposed in June 2018

(Lie Ruiming, 2020). The connotation, classification

and construction tasks of Bidao are very clear after

two years development. The high-quality

construction of Wanli Bidao is version 3.0 of

Guangdong's water treatment (Ma Xiangming, 2020).

Compared with the simpler water environment

management in the past, the construction of Wanli

Bidao has jumped out of the traditional model of

water treatment, and transformed into a water

treatment-based approach. It is implemented such as

rural revitalization, global tourism, flood control,

sponge city construction, characteristic waterways

and construction of "four good rural roads" as a

whole, water and shore co-governance, and finally

realize the co-construction, co-governance and

sharing of beautiful ecological environment (Li

Junfei, 2020). The pilot Bidao has given birth to the

vigorous development of the "water economy" in

various places. The rivers and lakes have changed

from the objects of money spent to the treasures of

improving the ecological environment, enhancing the

value of urban land, supporting industrial upgrading,

and driving rural revitalization. They have formed a

series of distinctive waterfront economic belts, and

carried out of Guangdong characteristics in practicing

the ecological development concept of "green water

and green mountains are golden mountains and silver

mountains".

Through thorough study of the concept and

connotation of Bidao, this paper analyzes and

identifies the base of Bidao construction in the

Shantou Rongjiang Basin, determines the goals and

specific tasks of Bidao Construction, and helps the

Shantou Rongjiang Basin build a comprehensive,

diversification and demonstration eco-tourism axis

integrating sports and leisure, sightseeing and

recreation, and education and display.

2 BASE ANALYSIS

The Shantou Rongjiang has a total length of about

60km and a catchment area of 334.21km

. It is a tidal

section, starts from the junction of Shantou City and

Jieyang City, and flows through Chaoyang, Jinping,

and Haojiang District, and finally ends at Mayu Island

and merges into the South China Sea. The Shantou

Rongjiang is an important golden channel in eastern

Guangdong.

Mu, G. and Wang, S.

Thoughts on Bidao Planning of the Shantou Rongjiang Basin.

DOI: 10.5220/0011863800003536

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Water, Ecology and Environment (ISWEE 2022), pages 5-10

ISBN: 978-989-758-639-2; ISSN: 2975-9439

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

2.1 Water Resources Status and

Problems

The Rongjiang basin has abundant water resources,

but the per capita water resources are relatively short.

The main stream of Rongjiang was included in the

tidal section before entering the Shantou city. So, the

inbound water is difficult to use, only above the

Chaoyang Wenzui sluice, Chaoshuixi draws water

from the Nanhe to provide irrigation water for more

than 6,667 hm

of farmland along the bank. It is a

water-stressed area. The per capita water resource in

the Rongjiang Basin is 1138 m³/person, which is

lower than the internationally recognized water

scarcity warning line of 1700 m³/person. Although the

Rongjiang has abundant transit water, it is already

salty water when it enters the country and cannot be

used. Basically, water for drinking and irrigation in

the basin comes from reservoir water and diversion

from outside the basin.

2.2 Water Security Status and

Problems

Natural disasters in the Rongjiang basin are serious,

and the capacity of flood control and drainage needs

to be enhanced. Rongjiang is an important flood

control and drainage channel for Jieyang and Shantou

city. Since Guangdong Province launched the special

disaster prevention and mitigation action in 2003, the

flood control capacity of this basin has greatly

improved. But the Rongjiang dike still has some

problems such as non-compliant sections and

unclosed dikes, which still threaten the lives and

property safety of the people. In addition, the Shantou

Rongjiang is a tidal section, and the tidal water is

irregular semi-diurnal. Once the waterlogged caused

by heavy rain in the basin encounters the high tide

water level of Rongjiang, it will cause waterlogging

in the cities along the line, causing urban paralysis and

major economic and property losses.

2.3 Water Environment Status and

Problems

The water quality of water function area is not up to

standard, and the water quality monitoring capacity is

insufficient. According to the "Shantou Water

Resources Bulletin", the annual average water quality

of the Rongjiang Control Station is IV, and has not yet

reached the water quality target of III. The number of

monitoring sections on the main stream of Shantou

Rongjiang is relatively lack, and there are no

monitoring sections at the entrance of larger tributary

confluences. It is impossible to grasp the water quality

of the tributaries and its influence to the main stream

water quality.

The management of river sewage outlets is

lacking, and some rivers are heavily polluted. The

Rongjiang Basin’s sewage outlet monitoring

capabilities are weak, monitoring methods are lacking,

law enforcement forces do not match the tasks, and

some enterprises have illegal discharges, excessive

discharges, and even illegal discharges. The urban and

rural domestic sewage in the Rongjiang Basin has not

been effectively collected and treated, and there is still

a gap between the target sewage treatment rate of

more than 93%. In addition, the imperfect treatment

facilities of urban and rural domestic garbage have

aggravated water pollution in the river basin and

caused part of the water surface garbage to float.

2.4 Water Ecology Status and

Problems

Ecological flow is insufficient in Rongjiang basin.

The Shantou Rongjiang has a high degree of

utilization of water resources, and the ecological flow

of the main tributaries is seriously insufficient,

especially during the dry season, which leads to the

deterioration of the self-purification capacity of water

bodies and aggravates water pollution.

The prevention and control of soil erosion needs

to be strengthened. According to the results of the

fourth remote sensing survey of soil erosion in

Guangdong Province and combined with field

surveys, the overall soil erosion in the Shantou

Rongjiang Basin is slight, but it’s the heaviest among

the river basins in Shantou City.

The compensation mechanism for ecological

protection of the Rongjiang basin has not yet been

established. As a cross-border river, the establishment

of ecological protection compensation mechanism is

an important mean to mobilize the enthusiasm of all

parties and protect the ecological environment.

2.5 Featured Resources and Recreation

System Status and Problems

As shown in Figure 1, there are 12 characteristic

natural ecological resources, 18 human and social

resources, and 5 special industrial economic resources

in Shantou Rongjiang Basin, each accounting for

38.7%, 38.3%, and 26.3% of the whole city. However,

the waterfront space lacks local characteristics. It is

specifically reflected in the lack of regional cultural

elements in various supporting facilities such as

paving, vegetation matching, garden construction

ISWEE 2022 - International Symposium on Water, Ecology and Environment

sketches, and lighting night scenes along the slow

waterfront roads along the line.

Relying on the "Shantou Greenway Network

Planning and Construction Implementation Plan",

combined with the construction of beautiful rural

demonstration villages, the current Shantou

Greenway construction has begun to take effect.

There are 3 greenways related to the Rongjiang Basin:

Haojiang Queshi Scenic Area Greenway, Jinping

Niutianyang Greenway from the west side of Queshi

Bridge to Gate 4, and Jinping Seaside Greenway from

Xidi Ferry to Huaqiao Park. The waterfront service

facilities in the Rongjiang Basin are the scenic road

system cabinets in the Niutianyang National Wetland

Park and the Huanwan District. The water recreation

facilities are mainly the Merchants Passenger Wharf

to the Mayu Island Wharf, and the inner bay night

cruise line. However, the landscape recreation system

lacks connection. Each resource node is relatively

isolated, has not yet formed an effective linkage. The

waterfront slow-moving track, post, leisure dock and

other recreational system facilities are relatively

lacking, and have not yet formed an effective

connection.

Figure 1: Distribution Map of Characteristic Resources in

Rongjiang Basin.

2.6 Waterfront Economic Belt Status

and Problems

The development of the waterfront economic belt still

needs to be further explored. In 2007, Shantou put

forward the strategic conception of the "Three

Economic Belts" as Eastern Urban Economic Belt,

Industrial Economic Belt, and Ecological Economic

Belt. At present, the planning of the waterfront

economic zone focuses on the coast and the main

stream of the Rongjiang, the tributary parts lack

corresponding planning. In addition, the construction

of the economic zone is still in the planning stage and

needs to be implemented quickly.

3 GENERAL LAYOUT

The Rongjiang is a green ecological corridor in

Shantou, with beautiful scenery and many historical

sites along the bank. It is rich in tourism resources.

From the analysis of Shantou’s main characteristic

resources, it can be seen that characteristic natural

ecological resources and humanistic and social

resources are most prominent in the Rongjiang Basin.

The Rongjiang Basin has the scarcest natural

landscape, the inner-city bay. It has characteristic

landscapes such as Mayu Island, Queshi Scenic Area,

the promenade, and the light show of Times Square.

"Shantou City Landscape Lighting Plan (2018-2030)"

pointed out that the core area of the inner bay will be

built into a world-class night tourist destination.

Therefore, the plan follows the theme

characteristics of "human ecology River Bay",

considers the city’s humanities and water veins, fully

combines the cultural characteristics of Chaozhou and

the activity needs of citizens and tourists, aiming to

create a comprehensive, diversified, and

demonstration ecological tourism axis that integrating

sports and leisure, sightseeing and recreation,

education and display.

The pattern of the plan is "two rivers and two

bridges of humanity show, one stream and one belt of

natural beauty", as shown in Figure 2.

"Two Rivers" refers to Rongjiang and Haojiang.

With Rongjiang and Haojiang as the water vein,

relying on Niutianyang Wetland, Queshi Scenic Area,

Danying Ecological Park, Chaoshan Historical and

Cultural Expo Center, Dahao Ancient City, Fenggang

Ancient Village and other surrounding natural and

cultural resources, combining with local

characteristic culture, the plan praises the long history

and traditional culture of the Haojiang, and the natural

ecology and beauty bay of the Rongjiang through the

waterfront landscape design. "Two Rivers" focuses on

creating one river and two banks, creating water

landscape belt with clear themes and perfect

supporting facilities.

"Two bridges" refers to the Queshi Bridge and the

Bay Bridge. Relying on landmarks such as the

Customs Museum History Exhibition Hall, Shantou

Museum, Folk Museum, Customs Bell Tower near the

bridge, combined with Xidi Park, 1860 Cultural and

Creative Park, Small Park Opening Area, Zhongshan

Park, Laoma Palace Theatre, Waterfront Promenade

Park , Shipaotai Park, Tianhau Temple, Pearl Temple

and other cultural attractions, the plan rationally

Thoughts on Bidao Planning of the Shantou Rongjiang Basin

arranges multiple waterfront plazas, and integrates

murals, scenery walls, cultural corridors, art sketches

to comprehensively enhance the artistry and

interaction of public water spaces , aiming to create a

waterfront space full of popularity and vitality.

"One stream" refers to the Chaoshuixi. With water

as its vein, it creates a rooted in the urban ecological

corridor. With green as the bottom, it creates a

recreational resort with a blend of water and scenery.

With culture as its core, it creates a new Chaoyang

cultural travel line. "One stream" is built to create a

"Tide Listening" theme.

"One belt" refers to the Niutianyang water area,

starting at Xidong gate and ending at the No. 7 gate.

Combining Niutianyang Wetland with Mangrove

Wetland, "One belt" aims to create a natural

ecological landscape belt with Rongjiang Mangroves,

Happy Pastoral, Ecological Fisheries, and Sunset

Glows.

Figure 2: Planning Layout of Rongjiang Basin.

4 PLANNING TASK

In view of the current situation and problem analysis,

combined with the overall layout of the Bidao, we

determine 6 categories and 30 specific tasks of the

Bidao plan for the Shantou Rongjiang Basin, as

shown in table 1.

Table 1: Bidao Planning Task List of Rongjiang Basin.

Sub-item Existing problems Construction tasks

Water

resources

Relative shortage of per capita water

resources

Promote the Hanjiang-Rongjiang-Lianjiang water system connection

project

Water safety

flood control and drainage capacity needs

to be enhanced

Chaoyang Jinguanwei Mianbei Seawall Reinforcement Project

Sanyuwei Seawall Reinforcement Project

Reinforcement of 600m from Chaoyang Sanyuwei Seawall to City

Defense Project

Reinforcement of the seawall from Wutianwen dike to Leikou Bridge in

ISWEE 2022 - International Symposium on Water, Ecology and Environment

Sub-item Existing problems Construction tasks

Haojiang District

Standard Upgrading and Reconstruction Project of Seawall of Nanbin

Road, Haojiang District

Niutianyang No. 2, No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7 drainage ditches renovation

project

Wunangou Waterlogging Area Remediation Project

Newly built power stations as Tuolian, Li'an, Dongsha, Longhuguan,

and Huangcuowei

Reconstruction Sluices as Juding, Chaowei, Dayan, Yanzui, Chaocheng,

Xigang, Xitangwai, Hexi

Xilu River, Hexi River, Lianggang River treatment project

Reinforcement projects of 4 small reservoirs as Lingjiao, Shuijiling,

Dajiaoxia, Dongkeng, Haojiang District

Water

environment

Water quality is not up to standard

water environment management of Main stream and Hexi River, Xilu

River, Dagang River, Xigang River, Tuoji River

Treatment of 5 cases of black and odorous water bodies

Insufficient water quality monitoring

capabilities

Supplement water quality monitoring points at Chaoshuixi

Lack of management of sewage outlets

into the river

New sewage treatment plants as Jinping West District, Guanbu Town,

Hexi Town, Xilu Town and Jinzao Town

Carry out the cleanup of the forbidden areas in the waters of the

Haojiang Qingzhou Salt Field Section and Majiao Street Section

Residential environment improvement project for a total of 112 villages

in the 4 towns as Jinzao, Guanbu, Xilu and Hexi

Water ecology

Insufficient protection of ecological flow

Prepare a plan for determining and guaranteeing the ecological flow of

rivers and lakes in the Rongjiang Basin

The prevention and control of soil erosion

needs to be strengthened

Ecological Transformation of Hard Banks in the Basin

Hexi Reservoir Water Conservation Forest Construction Project

Construction of Shantou Mangrove Ecological Wetland Park and

preparation of watershed wetland protection plan

Ecological protection compensation

mechanism has not yet been established

Actively promote the establishment of river basin ecological

compensation mechanism

Landscape

and

Recreation

System

Waterfront space lacks local

characteristics

Create Niutianyang Wetland Park "Rongjiang Mangrove", "Seaward

Bird Watching", "Sunset and Heron Flying" landscape nodes

Create Chaoshuixi landscape nodes such as "continuity of culture" ,

"sunset over the streams", and " Green water and white sails "

Create Haojiang River landscape nodes such as "Egret and Autumn

Water" and "Fenggang Ancient Village"

The recreational system lacks connection

Create slow-moving trails throughout the basin, with 4 integrated post

stations and 33 convenient post stations

Waterfront

Economic

Belt

The development of the Waterfront

Economic Belt needs to be further

explored

Create the Rongjiang Inner Bay Bidao + Smart Tourism Industrial

Economic Belt

Create the Bidao on the south bank of the Rongjiang + agricultural

tourism industry economic belt

Create the Chaoshuixi Bidao + cultural tourism + rural revitalization

industrial economic belt

Create the Haojiang Bidao + Emerging and Vigorous Industrial

Economic Belt

5 CONCLUSION

On the basis of in-depth study of the concept and

connotation of Bidao, we analyzed and identified the

base of Bidao construction in the Shantou Rongjiang

Basin, determined the theme and characteristics of the

Shantou Rongjiang Bidao, and extracted the goals and

layout of the Shantou Rongjiang Bidao construction.

According to the existing problems and construction

goals of the Shantou Rongjiang Bidao, the specific

construction tasks are determined to guide the

construction of the Shantou Rongjiang Bidao. The

plan will help the Shantou Rongjiang Basin to build a

comprehensive, diversified, and exemplary eco-

tourism axis, which integrates sports and leisure,

sightseeing and recreation, education and display.

Therefore, the plan has a strong guiding significance.

Thoughts on Bidao Planning of the Shantou Rongjiang Basin

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported by Special Foundation

for National Science and Technology Basic Research

Program of China (2019FY101900), National Natural

Science Foundation of China (5170929), and the

Open Research Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of

Water Engineering Materials and Structures (GXHRI-

WEMS-2020-11)

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ISWEE 2022 - International Symposium on Water, Ecology and Environment