Design and Implementation of Eco Green System for Plant

Monitoring Based Internet of Things

Legowo Sulistijono and Junia Maulidya Nata

Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia

Keyword: Internet of Things, Singlehop Communication, Eco Green.

Abstract: Indonesia is an agrarian country where most of the population lives as farmers, but currently, farmers are still

using conventional methods that are not able to increase their agricultural output. In addition, many problems

occur in agriculture, such as changes in weather conditions, lack of labor, dry land, irregular irrigation

processes, and so on. In the process of watering plants, special attention is needed, because if there is an

excess of water or a lack of water, the quality of the harvest will be less than optimal. Thus, an Eco Green

System was created with automatic watering and fertilization features. There is also monitoring to monitor

the condition of agricultural land. Both from soil moisture and temperature in the land. This is a way to save

time and energy. The application of a communication system with the Singlehop Communication method is

an effective way of monitoring the automatic plant watering process because it uses calculations that have

been adjusted to the level of soil demand. By using a capacitive soil moisture sensor V1.2 and a temperature

sensor DHT 11, it will be able to read data on the land. To get real-time data, and Internet of Things system

is needed to connect to the internet and communicate with each other. The results of the temporary test show

that the error value between the sensor and measuring instrument is around 0-6%, while the communication

system is running well and can read the humidity value at each node.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is an agricultural country that has extensive

agricultural land, and diverse and abundant natural

resources. In an agrarian country, agriculture has a

very important role both in the fulfillment of basic

needs, besides that agriculture plays a major role in

boosting the social sector, economic sector, and trade.

In addition to the large natural potential that

Indonesia has, there are other reasons, namely the

agricultural sector is still the leader of the Indonesian

economic sector and most of the population still

works in the agricultural sector, but there are still

various problems that make the Indonesian

agricultural sector seem to be running in place and not

experiencing rapid development such as other

agricultural countries. Such as the agricultural system

which still uses conventional systems, where the

system has many weaknesses such as technological

limitations, depending on the process and yields on

the season, only involving family labor, limited

availability of scarce fertilizers, and the most

important thing is the process of watering and

fertilizing which is still lacking. well scheduled.

In addition, current technological advances will

also have a major impact, especially on the

agricultural sector. By connecting automatic

monitoring, watering, and fertilization system that is

connected to the internet network, it is hoped that it

can solve problems in the environment of the farmers

and produce good quality products. In addition, it can

also minimize crop failures caused by weather

factors. By utilizing the internet of things for

agricultural technology, this step is very appropriate

to monitor and control crop conditions to produce

better products and avoid crop failure (F. Tongke

2013), (Norakmar 2019). he internet of things makes

observing or monitoring plants easier and more

efficient to increase the productivity of crops and

benefit the farmers. (D. D. Sreekantha and A. Kayva

2017).

2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Eco Green is one of the concepts of material

management and production that is strived to always

Sulistijono, L. and Nata, J.

Design and Implementation of Eco Green System for Plant Monitoring Based Internet of Things.

DOI: 10.5220/0011884600003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 787-793

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

787

Figure 1: Basic overview of eco green.

be environmentally friendly which is suitable for

farmers. Eco green is closely related to plants where

plants are living things that need water and fertilizer

for the development of their lives. This Eco Green

concept can be applied in life by combining livestock

and agriculture so that a good ecosystem occurs. In

addition, the energy used is obtained from solar

panels so that it will be more environmentally

friendly.

In Figure 1 above, every farm must have waste,

namely the results of the livestock manure, where the

results of the waste can be used for agriculture as

fertilizer which is commonly referred to as manure.

So that when agriculture is given fertilizer, the plants

planted will become fertile and will increase crop

yields because one of the factors causing increased

crop yields is fertilization. In addition, checking soil

conditions is also very important for plant growth

which must have optimal humidity between 60%-

80% so that it is not too dry or wet (J. Ristaino 2010).

The agricultural land used is peanut farming land,

this is because peanuts are one of the plants that can

build a good eco-green because apart from the leaves

being used for animal feed, the peanuts can also be

used for the benefit of the farmers, besides that

peanuts are also easy to use. planted and has many

benefits for society.

This system will use Wireless Sensor Network

(WSN) communication. WSN is a system where one

node to another can make contact and exchange data.

(Y. Nishikawa 2018), (M. Walid et al., 2019), (A. S.

Editya 2017).

Based on Figure 2, there is a master note that

controls all systems. When the master note asks for

the monitoring value, the system will read the sensor

data and send the data to the master node.

Figure 2: Flowchart of system monitoring.

3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

3.1 System Design

Figure 3: System diagram.

Based on the block diagram in Figure 3, there is a

system that will be created, namely the Main System

installed on the tool. The Main System consists of an

ESP32 microcontroller as a microcontroller that

functions to control all systems. Several inputs will be

processed later, namely the Soil Moisture sensor

which functions to detect moisture levels in the soil

for the watering process and there is also a Real-Time

Clock (RTC) which functions to set the timer in the

fertilization process and there is an ESP32 Cam

Camera Module which functions for monitoring

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plants. All of these inputs will be processed on the

ESP 32 microcontroller which is commonly referred

to as a server node.

The data that has been processed on the server

node will be sent to the master-slave using the wifi

access point contained in the ESP32 feature. Data

from the node will be sent to the master-slave which

also uses the ESP32 microcontroller. This master-

slave serves as a central control for incoming data

from all server nodes. Both node 1, node 2, node 3,

and node 4 will all be processed on the master-slave.

This master-slave also functions as the central control

of all settings, both the watering process and the

fertilization process. To be able to connect to android,

this master-slave sends data to the web server using

firebase.

Figure 4: Flowchart system.

Based on the data in Figure 3 which describes the

workings of the whole system, this system uses two

pumps, namely for watering and for fertilizing.

Fertilization is done by using liquid fertilizer. When

the sensor reads soil moisture data, the data obtained

will be processed whether the data is by the specified

set points. The set point here is determined with a

range of 1 to 100. When the soil moisture is more than

60% of the maximum range, the watering process will

take place, so the water pump will turn on. The sensor

will always work until when it exceeds the set point

or is below 60% of the data, the watering will stop,

this indicates that the soil is already moist and there

is no need for watering, so the water pump will turn

off. This condition will be the same between node 1

to node 4. For the way the fertilization process works,

it can be set using the Real-Time Clock because the

fertilization process is carried out routinely and

simultaneously so it is only necessary to set the timer

value on the RTC. When the RTC value matches the

input, the fertilization process will take place and the

fertilization pump will turn on so that fertilization is

active. This can be adjusted to the conditions of the

agricultural land used. When the delay in fertilization

time is over, the pump will automatically shut down

and the fertilization process is complete.

3.2 Singlehop Communication

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a very popular

technology in this decade. WSN is a system where

one node to another can make contact and exchange

data. In addition, WSN is a cheap, fast, and quality

data transmission technology without the cost and

mess of cables. WSN can be used in many fields,

including use in smart homes, tracking systems,

agriculture, the military, the environment, and many

more. One of the most important of these is the

implementation in the environment (A. S. Editya

2017). The wireless sensor network has the following

characteristics:

1. Limited manpower resources. WSN does not

have a continuous power source. WSN power

can be obtained with batteries and adapters,

but it should be noted that WSN has a

maximum limit of 3.3V. 14

2. The ability to survive in an environment that

has conditions that tend to change such as

temperature, rainfall, humidity, light intensity,

and so on.

3. Ability to resolve errors on the node

(decentralized management). This is

necessary because the nodes used by WSN

will be outside the scope of user control, so the

ability to automatically resolve errors is vital.

4. Node mobility, the nodes used in the WSN can

be placed anywhere as long as they are within

the range of the WSN. Nodes are not related to

the position, so they can be moved even when

they are working.

5. Dynamic network topology, WSN does not

have certain limitations or criteria in designing

its topology. The topology can be designed

according to the wishes and goals intended by

the user.

6. Large-scale deployment, WSN can be used for

monitoring a very large area and for various

purposes.

In its development, wireless sensors have been

developed with several network topologies such as:

Design and Implementation of Eco Green System for Plant Monitoring Based Internet of Things

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1. Topologi jaringan Single Hop Star.

2. Topologi jaringan Multi Hop Mesh dan Grid.

3. Topologi jaringan Two Tier Hierarchical

Cluster.

Figure 5: Single hop star topology.

Single hop star is a very simple WSN topology

technology. In this topology, each node leads directly

to the gateway or data collector. (M. Walid et al.,

2019). Because this topology is centered on a minimal

and simple network. This topology is very easy to

implement. However, in this topological design, the

biggest problem is the limitation on scalability

problems. Nodes far from the Gateway will have poor

connections. This topology is good for use on WSN

networks that have fewer nodes and a small area (J.

M. Nassar et al., 2018).

With the technology that is growing agriculture

will also be able to see other sectors, namely the

existence of a land management system in a modern

way that can be used using modern systems and not

using conventional methods. The soil management

system in the form of a watering system and plant

fertilization automatically uses a soil moisture sensor

as a soil moisture detector, and a microcontroller as a

program brain, while Android is used to receive soil

moisture results based on soil pH that is already by

plant needs, this tool is also equipped with a timer as

a timer. clock and date on the tool for the periodic

fertilization process, as for the relay as a water pump

Figure 6: Node design.

controller, the internet as a data receiver from

Arduino according to the program that has been set

on Arduino whether the soil moisture is moist or wet

according to reading from the soil moisture sensor in

the form of the value on Android.

Figure 7: Master design.

In the picture above are the components contained

in the master such as a 12V 5A power supply as the

main source to activate other components such as

pumps, RTC, and relays. Pump 1 acts as a tool to suck

water and will flow it to the solenoid valve from each

node that needs it. While pump 2 serves to drain

liquid fertilizer in the fertilization process. ESP 32

master as the main microcontroller from the master

which will receive data from other nodes. LCD 20 X

4 as a display of several values to be displayed such

as pump on/off conditions and soil moisture content

of each node. In the picture above are the components

contained in the master such as the 12V 5A power

supply as the main source to activate other

components such as pumps, RTCs, and relays. Pump

1 acts as a tool to suck water and will flow it to the

solenoid valve from each node that needs it. While

pump 2 serves to drain liquid fertilizer in the

fertilization process. ESP 32 master as the main

microcontroller from the master which will receive

data from other nodes. LCD 20 X 4 as a display of

several values to be displayed such as the condition

of the pump on/off and the soil moisture content of

each node.

3.3 Internet of Things

From the overall design above that, each node is

connected to the master and the master will be

connected to the access point with the ESP32 Cam

camera module where all data will be stored in the

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Figure 8: System design.

cloud and the data will be sent to android. So that

monitoring can be done easily and efficiently on

Android.

The ultrasonic sensor data acquisition software

uses programming to convert the echo signal into

digital data and send it to a personal computer via

serial communication. The data that has been

received by the personal computer will then be

displayed or plotted using graphics in the

software.Web Server (Firebase)

In this smartphone monitoring, data can be

monitored such as the state of each node, besides that

it is also programmed to be able to display camera

time settings obtained from the camera module for

fertilization which can be set on the smartphone. In

addition, it can also display the camera view obtained

from the camera module for fertilization that can be

set on a smartphone. In addition, it can also display

the camera view obtained from the camera module.

Figure 9: Firebase web server.

By using firebase as a web server, you will be able

to monitor the condition of each node. This condition

contains the level of soil moisture in each node. Data

from the web server will also be monitored using a

smartphone from the android studio software.Aplikasi

Monitoring

Figure 10: Monitoring application.

In this smartphone monitoring, data can be

monitored such as the state of each node, besides that

it is also programmed to be able to display camera

time settings obtained from the camera module for

fertilization which can be set on the smartphone. In

addition, it can also display the camera view obtained

from the camera module for fertilization that can be

set on a smartphone. In addition, it can also display

the camera view obtained from the camera module

Figure 11: Fertilization application settings.

Figures 12: Sensor testing with analog measuring devices.

Design and Implementation of Eco Green System for Plant Monitoring Based Internet of Things

791

Figures 13: DHT11 Sensor Testing with the digital

measuring instrument.

Table 1: Result from soil moisture test.

No. Soil moisture value ADC

1. 0.2 460

2. 1 438

3. 1.5 420

4. 3 372

5. 4.9 327

6. 5 313

7. 6 286

8. 6.5 272

9. 7 248

10. 0.2 460

Table 2: Digital measuring tool table list.

No. Parameter Sensor

Digital

measurin

tool

Error

1. Humidit

79 84 5.95%

2. Temperature 31.5 29.9 5.35%

Table 3: Pump test.

Node Relay 1 Relay 2 Relay 3 Relay 4

watering

rela

fertilization

rela

1 Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Active Not Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Active Not Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Active Not Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Active Active Not Active

This test is done by testing the watering and

fertilizing pump. This test will be triggered from the

relay which is for the watering pump. When one of

the 4 relays in each node is active, the watering pump

will be active and the fertilization pump will be

deactivated. On the other hand, when the time setting

schedule is appropriate, the fertilization pump will

turn on with a trigger from the relay, and the

fertilization pump will be active while the watering

pump will not be active.

Table 4: Soil Test.

Watering Conditions

Node

soil

condition

Valve 1 Valve 2 Valve 3 Valve 4

Node

Dry Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Node

Dry

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Node

Dry

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Node

Dry

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not

Active

Conditions during Fertilization

Node Dry Active Active Active Active

In this test, it is done with a relay, when the relay

is active, the solenoid will also be active, so the way

it works is almost the same as relay testing. When the

relay is active, the solenoid is active and will turn on

the pump. For the watering process using the input

from the sensor value and for fertilization with a

predetermined time setting value.

Figures 14: Whole system test.

Table 5: Watering System Test.

No. Node Humidity

Relay Valve

Watering

1. Node 1 72

Active Active Active

2. Node 2 34

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not Aktif

3. Node 3 69

Active Active Active

4. Node 4 10

Not

Active

Not

Active

Not Aktif

From the overall test results, it is found that the

value of each node will be different. As in the table

above. When the value is below the specified set

point, which is 60% of the humidity, then watering

will be active in the node that detects less humidity.

In this test, the active watering nodes are node 1 and

node 3. So that the relay from node 3 and node 1 will

activate the solenoid and the pump will drain the

water.

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Table 6: Fertilization System Testing.

No. Node Humidity Relay Valve

fertilization

ump

1. Node 1 42 Active Active Active

2. Node 2 43 Active Active Active

3. Node 3 40 Active Active Active

4. Node 4 10 Active Active Active

In the results of the data above that the value of

each node is different. Node 1 is 42, node 2 is 43, and

node 3 is 40, while node 4 is 1. From these 4 nodes,

automatic watering will be carried out. Which

watering is based on input from a predetermined time

setting? So that when the time is by the specified

setting then fertilization will be active for 1 minute

then it will automatically turn off the pump.

4 CONCLUSION

After carrying out the design and manufacture stage

of the system which is then followed by the testing

and analysis stage, it can be concluded that the soil

moisture sensor works well according to how it

works, this is evidenced by the error comparison

value with measuring instruments that have a fairly

small error, the more moist the soil quality then the

value of the ADC that is read will be smaller, the drier

the value of soil quality, the value of the ADC that

will be read will be greater, the measurement results

of this tool have an error range of 0-6% and the

system can work well there are only a few errors due

to the internet network.

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