Research on the Design of Intelligent Educational Products for

Left-Behind Children Based on Perceptual Engineering

Lujun Ren

1,2 a

, Khairun Nisa Mustaffa Halabi

and Hui Ma

City University Malaysia U.C.I. EDUCATION SDN. BHD. (457626-U), U, No. 8, Jalan 51A/223, Petaling Jaya, Selangor

Darul Ehsan,Menara City, Malaysia

School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China

Keywords: Emotional Engineering, Intelligent Products, Emotional Design, Children's Product Design.

Abstract: In the context of China's urbanisation, the issue of left-behind children has always been of great concern, and

the physical and mental health development of left-behind children has also received continuous attention

from society. With the help of technology, remote interaction has become more convenient, but parent-child

interaction products and services for left-behind families have yet to be improved, and left-behind children

are facing problems such as little parent-child interaction, lack of family education and companionship, and

worrying psychological conditions. Therefore, it is important to provide suitable parent-child interaction

products for left-behind children, so that they can feel the love and companionship of their parents from afar.

At the same time, gamification is widely used in education and is also conducive to family interaction, which

can increase the motivation and participation of family members. Therefore, this paper attempts to integrate

gamification elements into parent-child interactive products for left-behind children from the perspective of

gamification to promote parent-child interaction and parent-child education, so that parents and left-behind

children can be together even though they are separated from each other, in order to provide new research

perspectives and practical experiences for parent-child interactive products for left-behind children. This

paper is divided into three parts: theoretical analysis, user research and design research. This paper is divided

into three parts: theoretical analysis, user study and design study. Children's smart products use a combination

of perceptual and engineering techniques to quantitatively analyse the user's emotional layer, which not only

quantifies the user's perceptual needs, but also enables the product to be personalised. At present, the main

functions of children's smart products include children's educational counselling, children's robot toys and

cloud-based parental monitoring and communication functions. The design is evaluated through an interactive

prototype, and an evaluation scale is designed based on system usability, user interface satisfaction and

gamification purposes.

1 INTRODUCTION

Over the past few decades, China's rapid socio-

economic development has facilitated large-scale

rural-to-urban population movements. According to

the China Aging Development Report 2013, there are

70 million left-behind families in China, involving

240 million people, of which 77% are left-behind

families in rural areas. According to the sample data

of the Sixth Population Census of China in 2010, the

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-7822

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scale of left-behind children in rural areas nationwide

reached 61.025 million, accounting for 37.7% of rural

children and 21.88% of children nationwide.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator

(free version)According to the seventh national

census, in 2020, the urbanization rate of China's

resident population is 63.89%, but the urbanization

rate of the household registration population is still

only 45.4%, and there are 3.76 billion people in the

floating population, of which about 130 million are

children of the floating population, only about 1/3 of

360

Ren, L., Mustaffa Halabi, K. and Ma, H.

Research on the Design of Intelligent Educational Products for Left-Behind Children Based on Perceptual Engineering.

DOI: 10.5220/0011928400003612

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Automation, Information and Computing (ISAIC 2022), pages 360-366

ISBN: 978-989-758-622-4; ISSN: 2975-9463

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

the children of the floating population live with their

parents, and nearly half of the children of the floating

population are separated from their parents at the

compulsory education stage.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free

version) (Jia yu Wei , 2022).

The concept of left-behind children is defined as

"children who are left at home while their parents

work or study outside the home for many years",

while other researchers define left-behind children as

"children under the age of 16 whose parents or one of

them is working in another city and the children are

left behind to be taken care of by other relatives".

With the gradual increase in the population of left-

behind children in rural areas, left-behind children

grow up without timely shelter from their parents and

are unable to enjoy a complete family education. As

a result, they are powerless and panic-stricken in the

face of the dangerous environment outside. If they are

not given the sunshine and rain they need during the

critical period of their growth, they will not be able to

grow up healthily. Although children are independent

individuals, they are also the hope and future of their

families and countries. Giving proper and timely

emotional care to this special group of children left

behind in rural areas is the key measure necessar

(Xue-Fei Huang,Xue-Xin Ouyang, 2017)

In recent years, intergenerational care has become

the main form of upbringing for families with left-

behind children. Due to the low level of education of

grandparents, the burden and heavy responsibility of

life dragging on during the weekdays, and the

physical illness of some elderly people themselves,

there is usually a certain care bias in ensuring the

physical and mental development, good habits and

education of left-behind children.

Through the analysis of the research background

of left-behind children, the number of left-behind

children is increasing at this stage, and there are

usually certain care deviations in safety and health,

living habits and education. Through the literature

research method: search on the Internet or use other

methods for domestic and foreign papers and

literature, etc., analyze the problems and current

situation of left-behind children, the drawbacks and

shortcomings of intelligent accompanying products

for left-behind children at the present stage, and

summarize and improve them. Using research

methods to analyze the problems of left-behind

children, based on the concept of perceptual

engineering, we finally decided to design an

intelligent product that can provide emotional

companionship, health monitoring and learning help

for left-behind children, interact with parents from a

distance and send parental care, and accompany the

growth of left-behind children instead of parents who

work outside. On the basis of this, we can realize the

appearance to meet the needs of children and achieve

the humanized design that combines form and

function.

Therefore, children's smart products can be used

to accompany left-behind children instead of their

parents. Children's smart products are quantitative

analysis of the user's emotional layer using a

combination of sensual and engineering technology,

which not only quantifies the user's sensual needs, but

also enables the product to be personalized. Through

the form of the product itself, the joint with the cell

phone APP and the additional functions it has to

deliver some emotional information to the user.

2 STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT

China's domestic robotics market has entered a phase

of rapid development, with an increasing demand for

service-oriented robots. From 2018, the overall

market size of China's robots is expected to reach

$8.74 billion, of which $1.84 billion of service robots

account for 21%, while sales of domestic-style

service robots reached $0.89 billion of the total

market size, accounting for 48.4%. In terms of the

number of robotics-related patent applications, the

number of patent applications grew at a fast rate,

reaching a total of 27060 applications in 2017

(Foresight Industrial Research Institute,2018).

The market size of service robots in China is

growing rapidly, and there is huge potential and

development space for service robots in China as the

demand for aging and healthcare and education

increases.The overall industrial scale of service

machines in China expanded from 2013-2017,

China's service robot market size reached $1.84

billion (equivalent to $12.176 billion) in 2018, up

43.8% year-on-year from the previous year. 2018

China's children's intelligent companion robot market

size was $2.062 billion, and children's intelligent

companion robots accounted for 16.93% of the

service robot size share.

Don Norman, a master of emotional design in

product design, suggests that the emotional system

consists of three distinct but interrelated levels, each

of which influences our experience of the world in a

particular way. These three levels are instinctive,

Research on the Design of Intelligent Educational Products for Left-Behind Children Based on Perceptual Engineering

361

behavioral, and reflective. Emotional design: Why do

we like or hate everyday things? Each of these three

dimensions or levels of study, while closely linked

and intertwined in the emotional system, affects

design in its own particular way. Instinctive Design -

"Focus on Appearance". The hierarchy is primarily

concerned with perceptible qualities and how they

make the user/observer feel. For example, a large

floor standing clock has no more features or chimes

than a small one on a mantelpiece, but its intrinsic

qualities (ingrained, unconscious, subjective and

automatic sensations) distinguish the two in the eyes

of the owner.

(Zhu Hongxuan, Zhang Yaoyin, and Xu Bowen,

2016) argued that the design of children's companion

robot form research analysis and design practice

should consider not only the product itself attributes,

but also go to the design application of emotional

needs for the analysis and research of children's

companion products, and the design research on the

appearance of the product shape, color matching,

function, and action.(Zhu, 2018) In the design

innovation of children's companion robots, attention

should be paid to the innovative design concept of

humanization and modularity, with emphasis on

improving the portability and safety and practicality

of children's companion robots, and innovative

attempts have been made to the product shape form

and usage of companion robots. How to use the basic

theories and methods of sensual engineering

combined with product shape form to explore the

connection between, and the use of sensual appeal to

improve the transformation of design applications, in

the deep verification through the consumer

preference for product shape form in deriving

relevant data analysis to improve the innovation of

product design (Ma Xianxian, 2018).

With the background of rapid technological

development, companion AI products have become

the key research content in more fields. With designs

for children's enlightenment, games and APP

interactions, and voice communication, researchers

predict that intelligent companion products will

become the core of another technological revolution

after the personal computer. However, as products

continue to evolve and various design styles compete

on the same stage, the styling of smart companion

products continues to innovate and challenge. At the

same time, more and more intelligent companion

robots are applying emotional design in their

development, interacting with users through form and

function.

Most of today's intelligent companion robots have

their own unique perception and self-adaptive

capabilities, and also have the ability to self-adjust

and provide feedback based on different user

operating styles, and even to meet the needs of

independent learning and autonomous adaptation.

But even so, the capabilities of intelligent companion

products at the level of technology creation are given

by technicians at the time of creation, and do not yet

have the ability to make autonomous judgments and

cater to users' emotions.

With the promulgation of various policies, the

realization of various systems, the rapid development

of the rural economy, the income level of residents

also followed, coupled with the parents of left-behind

children are 80s and 90s, the modern concept of

understanding, they have a trend of diversification,

combination and growth of cultural products, most of

the parents of families are willing to choose a variety

of intelligent accompanying products for the physical

and mental health of their children to replace the older

generation to raise their children The shortcomings of

the children. In addition, nowadays, a variety of

public welfare to rural areas, left-behind children are

also widely concerned about the problem, if rural

families do not have enough conditions to pay for

similar intelligent products, you can submit an

application, the government free distribution.

As an emerging group of rural children in China,

they have a thirst for cheap cultural products in

general. However, due to the relatively late start of

China's overall cultural industry and intelligent

product industry, the corresponding market in rural

areas does not have a complete market system, and

most rural left-behind children can only passively

choose cheap and affordable cultural products.

However, most of the urban left-behind children are

consumers of luxury cultural products. Their parents

are always away and think that buying luxury and

expensive cultural products for their children can

make up for their fault of not being able to accompany

their children, and that an expensive toy can satisfy

their children. Therefore, this topic puts aside other

elements, the main function is to achieve

companionship, whether in rural or urban left-behind

children they are eager for affection and the company

of their parents.

The next thing is the development of living and

studying habits. Due to the lack of proper guidance

from parents and the backward education of the older

generation, some grandparents blindly spoil their

children, some also leave their children aside to live

ISAIC 2022 - International Symposium on Automation, Information and Computing

362

and grow on their own because of too many

household chores, which undoubtedly has an

unhelpful impact on the formation of children's

values and outlook on life. Therefore, this product

should accompany the child while being able to give

the child the right education, and make the left-behind

children love learning and trust the product itself.

3 ERGONOMICS-CENTERED

DESIGN

The English translation of the word "sensual" in

sensual engineering is "Kansei", which is derived

from the Japanese pronunciation of the word "kansei"

(Tang Lingjie, 2008). Early as 1970, researchers at

Hiroshima University in Japan designed houses with

the emotions and demands of the occupants as the

goal, and transformed them into design elements in

engineering design, a technique also known as

"emotional engineering". Professor Mitsunori

Nagamachi, who started the research on emotional

engineering, was keenly aware that consumers

nowadays are no longer satisfied with mass-produced

products in small quantities, but are seeking full

satisfaction of their personalities and spiritual

pleasure. At first, sensual design was a passive design

based on commercial considerations to meet the

gradual emergence of sensual consumption, and later,

as theoretical research progressed, it developed into a

planned and conscious market development with

sensual design.

Perceptual engineering can also be called an

evaluation method (Sukwadi R., Muafi,Sanjaya H.P,

2018), For the use of the crowd, how to catch the first

glimpse of the design form of the use of the crowd is

very important, especially in the design form into the

perceptual intention expressed in words, as in life

often said high-end, atmospheric, upscale,

representing the consumer crowd for the design of the

perceptual intention of the product, but this statement

is relatively vague. Emotional engineering can help

consumers to reasonably express their inner thoughts,

and can also represent consumers' inner emotional

consciousness, thus satisfying consumers' emotional

needs and reducing design costs at the same time.

4 CHILDREN'S INTELLIGENT

EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

DESIGN

With the Internet era and the rapid development of 5G

and virtual reality, the Smart+ approach has driven

the development of various industries, as well as the

children's education market. The Internet classroom

played a great role in the new crown epidemic in 2020,

where students and teachers were taught interactively

through the Internet. (Wang Zhuli, 2015). The open

network classroom, such as think, will prompt the

traditional classroom teaching mode to bring change.

Children's products from the simplest static toys

gradually develop towards the direction of intelligent

products, bringing opportunities for the development

of the education industry. Many intelligent products

incorporate voice recognition, image interaction and

other technological elements, and an increasing

variety of intelligent educational products for

children continue to be developed (Yu Xiaoli, 2016).

Nowadays, the post-80s and post-90s have started to

become a group of parents, who are also the main

force in purchasing intelligent educational products

market consumption, and they also prefer to use the

convenience brought by intelligent products.

Therefore, children's intelligent products can now

accompany children well, while making up for the

uneven educational resources (Jie Tao, 2009), Parents

can also download the educational resources they

need in the children's smart products for their

children's educational use.

Searching through online platforms, with

"intelligence + education" and "artificial intelligence

education" as the topics, the search analysis found

that the number of papers on artificial intelligence has

been increasing from 2016 to 2019, indicating the

increasing attention of Chinese domestic Experts and

scholars continue to pay attention to AI research.

They have conducted research on intelligent

education from multiple perspectives, deeply

integrating intelligent technology with education, and

have achieved certain research results. Domestic

research on intelligent education is lagging behind

compared with foreign countries, the research fields

are relatively scattered, and the world share of talents

in artificial intelligence is low (Zhang Xin, Wang

Minghui, 2019).Speaking at the International

Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education,

Chinese Minister of Education Chen Baosheng said

that in order to take a practical approach to the future

Research on the Design of Intelligent Educational Products for Left-Behind Children Based on Perceptual Engineering

363

development of intelligent education, it is necessary

to take the "road of popularization", "road of

integration", "road of change" and "road of

innovation" (Minister of Education Chen Baosheng

Delivers Keynote Address at International

Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education,

2019).Children's intelligent education category is

broadly divided into the following categories: game

toys, programming robot products, children's

educational APP products, early learning machine

products.

For example, the children's companion robot

"Xiao Wu" produced by Shenzhen Cambrian

Intelligent Technology Co. The robot "Buddy",

developed by Beijing Qihoo 360 Technology Co. The

"Alpha Egg" intelligent robot developed and

produced by KU XUNFE is a children's companion

robot that integrates the functions of voice video

communication, learning and education, voice

communication and video on demand, etc. Its shape

is small and cute, which is loved by consumers; the

intelligent robot "Wukong" jointly developed and

produced by Ubiquity and Tencent. Wukong robot

image is vivid and lovely, with affinity, can be

applied to a variety of scenarios: family care,

children's education and office, support face

recognition, photo and video, voice dialogue and

other functions; fire rabbit company to develop fire

rabbit intelligent children's early learning story

machine J7pro can read picture books intelligent early

learning machine, enlightenment powerful English

enlightenment, a machine to get fire rabbit learning

machine early learning machine children intelligent

robot this Romibo is developed to help special

children's groups to treat autism, which can

effectively help autistic children to overcome their

own language learning difficulties, to be able to

communicate and interact with others boldly, so that

It can help children with autism overcome their

language learning difficulties and interact with others

so that they can better integrate into society in the

future. Xiaobanlong APP has a high number of

downloads and is a well-known early education brand.

It is suitable for children aged 0-8 years old, and uses

the cartoon image of "Xiaobanlong" to learn together

with children. The whole interface is interactive and

rich in functions, which can cultivate good habits for

children, inspire intelligence and accompany children.

4.1 Children's Intelligent Education

Product Design Features

4.1.1 Product Functional Characteristics

Children's educational products are designed

according to the physiological developmental

characteristics and psychological developmental

characteristics of children. As the special

characteristics of children's development are taken

into account, most of them guide children to use the

products in a way that is easy for children to

understand and easy to grasp in operation. Children

are extremely curious and like to explore new and

strange things, so generally product designers add

cartoon elements to the content or use form. After

attracting children's interest in the product, children

are guided to take the initiative to communicate, sing,

dance and play games, thus inspiring children's

intelligence, exercising physical coordination,

training logical thinking skills, developing language

skills, etc.The advantage of children's intelligent

educational products is that they can follow the

growth of children and provide timely and rich

learning content to children of the right age.

Considering children's playful nature, most of them

are designed to lead children to learn and master

knowledge through the form of games and the

teaching method of "teaching with fun". With the

accelerated pace of life, overtime has become the

norm for many parents, and intelligent educational

products accompanying children's education greatly

reduces parents' workload. Products with voice

recognition function can talk to the child, tell him

stories and so on, but also to achieve the parents and

children communicate remotely, always accompany

the child.Some products also have a safety

monitoring function, which can help parents monitor

the safety and physical health of their children. Some

full-featured products are not only toys for children,

but also play the role of children's teachers and

playmates. Many educational products on the market

now have complicated functions, similar product

functions, generally have voice recognition, voice

dialogue, storytelling and other functions, the product

education content lacks innovation. From the child's

subject knowledge, language skills perspective

education of intelligent products more, specifically

designed for children's other capabilities of intelligent

educational products less.

ISAIC 2022 - International Symposium on Automation, Information and Computing

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4.1.2 Product Appearance Characteristics

Children's companion robots play an important role

in the growth and enlightenment of children, and are

children's playmates. As a vulnerable group, children

are more susceptible to injuries caused by

unreasonable product design, both physiological and

psychological, with physiological injuries being the

most intuitive. Safety design is the first consideration

in the design process of children's companion robots,

product safety is mainly reflected in three aspects of

product form, color design and functional design.

Product form. Curious and love to move is the

nature of children, for their favorite things they will

follow their own thoughts to play with, so in the

process of using, regardless of the method is right or

wrong, it is easy to have accidents. The choice of

morphological factors should be based on curves,

round balls, etc., to avoid sharp angles.

Color design aspects. Different colors in the

product have different warning effects, so you can use

these colors with warning effects in the color design

of the children's companion robot, and start to

cultivate their cognition and learning of the meaning

of colors from childhood.

Functional design. The design uses the law of

constraint design to limit the degree of error in the use

of the product from the physical structure, to highlight

the correct way of operation, and to guide children to

use the product correctly in terms of its function. At

the same time, such guidance and education can be

applied to other products, which can avoid

unnecessary risks caused by children in the process of

using other products.

Children's companion robots are designed for

children, and the product specifications should

comply with the physiological size of children. Safety

is the most important of the many design factors for

children's companion robots, and the primary starting

point for product design is that children will not be

harmed when using the product, even if they operate

unconsciously.

The material of the smart companion product also

has a certain influence on children, because the nature

of the material of the smart companion product used,

the corresponding interpersonal relationship, and the

environmental scene when it is used will have the

greatest impact on the emotions of children left

behind, because children's happiness and curiosity are

often caused by the material and shape of the product.

The research shows that most of the left-behind

children are raised by their grandparents or close

relatives, and these relatives do not have high

diplomas and cannot give too much education to their

children in terms of learning and living habits, so the

intelligent accompanying design of this research can

give great help to these left-behind children who need

accompanying and education. Most of the parents do

not know about the newly developed intelligent

accompanying products and their corresponding

APPs, but they are willing to try them, and they prefer

small portable sizes that do not take up much space

and colorful colors.

Through the preliminary research, we designed and

exported an intelligent accompanying product, the

main functions of which revolve around six aspects:

improving the living habits of left-behind children,

solving the psychological problems of left-behind

children, helping left-behind children to tutor their

study problems, guaranteeing the safety of left-behind

children, cultivating various interests of left-behind

children, and assisting left-behind children to make

friends and have fun. It can wake up the children on

time, train the children's correct biological clock, and

help them with their homework within the specified

time; it can use the product to communicate with

parents by video and transmit their care for the

children; it can have a scientific study plan that

includes all subjects and allows the children to

combine work and play; it can keep an eye on the

children's safety while accompanying them, and

notify the emergency contact immediately if there is

any special situation. The product can infer children's

interests by observing their usage and push the

corresponding video course to cultivate them; the

product can be interconnected with each other, i.e.

children can contact their best friends by video and

phone and can synchronize their learning and

supervise each other.

Main shape of the product is a yellowish chicken,

the head of the chicken has a red heart, when the child

completes the required content on time, or when the

completion of the great, the small red heart will be lit

to encourage children. There is a shell on the outside

of the chick. When the product is first used, the outer

shell cannot be separated and the user can only

vaguely see the chick inside through the transparent

shell, and the shell will only be separated after the

user has used it correctly for a period of time in

accordance with the regulations, but only the top half

of the shell can be taken away and the chick inside

can only be removed after a further period of use.

Through the design of the product to better cultivate

good living and learning habits of children need to

Research on the Design of Intelligent Educational Products for Left-Behind Children Based on Perceptual Engineering

365

adhere to, and is not in a hurry, it takes a period of

time. This design can help children to develop good

habits of life and learning, and willing to accompany

this product in their own side; can also improve the

children have a very strong curiosity and exploration

of an unknown thing, when children are not able to

open the eggshell, they will be very interested in

seeing what is inside, so there will not be a period of

time to use it is not interesting, cast aside the situation;

when the chick is When the chick is "hatched"

children will have a strong sense of pride and honor,

and they will feel that they have made their own

efforts to get the chick "out of trouble", so they will

care more for the chick in the future, which can help

children cultivate the spirit of perseverance, because

they know that after perseverance they can This helps

children develop a spirit of perseverance because they

know that they will see the rainbow after they

persevere.

5 SUMMARY

Based on perceptual engineering in children's

intelligent educational product design research under

the analysis of children's real, Good design always

pursues good needs and will put the user in the first

place. This paper explores the real needs of children

through user-centered design, applies user research

methods to the field of children's products, explores

and analyzes the physiological, behavioral and

cognitive characteristics of children, and fully

considers the factors that affect children's experience,

so that it can well guide the innovative design of this

type of product. It is hoped that the product design

process of children's intelligent educational products

constructed in this paper can provide new ideas for

other designers.

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