A Design of a Grain Bagging Tool Using Sphiral Spring Type
Conveyor
I M. Suarta
a
, I P. G. Sopan Rahtika
b
, K. Bangse
c
, P. W. Sunu
d
, I K. Rusmariadi
and I G. B. S. W. Sandi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Bali, Indonesia
Keywords: Bag, Grain, Manual, Conveyor, Spiral Spring.
Abstract: With the development of human knowledge, technologies are created that make all aspects of life easier and
faster. Agriculture is no exception, which is the basic activity of human life. Various work aids have been
designed and made to make it easier and faster to do work. At this time the process of bagging grain in the
mills is done manually, namely by using a shovel, done both. To speed up the bagging process and save on
the use of employees, currently a grain bagging device uses a type spiral spring conveyor with an electric
motor drive. This tool is portable and can be operated alone so that it can speed up and save the use of labor.
The test results showed that the manual bagging rice process, which was carried out by two people, took 59.8
seconds to bag one sack of 26.4 kg of grain while using a spiral spring conveyor took 28.6 seconds for a bag
containing an average of 31.2 kg.
1 INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is a basic human job in an effort to meet
the needs of life. Rice is the staple food of people in
Asia. Due to population growth and decreasing
agricultural land, the Indonesian government
currently imports a lot of rice to meet domestic needs.
In an effort to accelerate the production process and
improve the quality of rice, innovations in
agricultural equipment must be carried out
(pertanian,2022;polbangtanyoma). To process
agricultural grain into rice, many processes are
carried out. The process includes harvesting,
transportation, drying, bagging and milling.
Therefore, the government wants to increase the
quantity and quality of rice produced by farmers. To
produce high-quality rice requires many steps that
must be taken by farmers apart from maintenance
from planting rice to harvesting. In the drying
process, which requires the grain to be completely
dry, the resulting grain is not brittle at the time of
milling. Farmers are usually overwhelmed when
inserting grain to sacks to be sent to the grinding
a
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5715-7170
b
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-6910
c
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0220-056X
machine. Therefore, it is necessary to design a tool
inserting grain into sacks.
The grain bagging device is designed to make it
easier to inserting the grain into the sack before it is
taken to the milling machine. At this time the farmers
still use the manual method by using a shovel to
inserting the grain into the sack which takes a lot of
time and energy.
So far, the author has observed that the process of
bagging grain into sacks is done manually using only
a shovel which is very cumbersome and not
ergonomic. This process is usually done by 2 people.
This process can be seen in Figure .1 (youtube,2022)
Figure 1: Bagging grain manually.
Suarta, I., Rahtika, I., Bangse, K., Sunu, P., Rusmariadi, I. and Sandi, I.
A Design of a Grain Bagging Tool Using Sphiral Spring Type Conveyor.
DOI: 10.5220/0011972700003575
In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 959-964
ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246
Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
959
The design of an ergonomically designed tool for
loading grain into sacks has been introduced by (A.
H. Pratama and H. Setiawan,2020). This “Abakan
Gadak” bagging tool can reduce muscle fatigue. The
tools introduced are still fully manual without a touch
of the machine so that it requires a lot of energy in the
bagging process. Abakan Gadak has a capacity of 25
kg in 59.12 seconds. The design model introduced
can be seen in Figure .2
Figure 2: Ergonomic manual rice bagging process.
Other designs for collecting and bagging grain
using the conveyor method have also been introduced
by (Rinanto, 2021; Prayitno, 2019). Rinanto designed
a bagging device using a screw conveyor model.
While Prayitno uses a plate belt model. The engine
capacity is 20 kg in 49 seconds. The design model can
be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Belt conveyor type grain bagging device.
Another design for the bucket elevator type of
grain bagging equipment, has also been made by
(Dani Irawan,2017). The result of the design is a
prototype with a capacity of 208 lt/minute
(theoretical). The design model made is as shown in
Figure 4.
Figure 4: The prototype of the bucket bagging model.
2 MATERIAL AND METHODE
The grain bagging tool that are made today are
basically used to make it easier for farmers to bag
grain into sacks, so that they can make the farmer's
job easier to do. This tool uses a spiral spring
conveyor to pull the grain towards the guide before it
is dropped into the prepared sacks. By turning the
spring spiral to the right clockwise using the supplied
electric motor. Like picture 5.
Figure 5: Spiral spring.
The spiral spring conveyor consists of a spiral
spring that is inserted into the hose and mounted on
the shaft of an electric motor. When the shaft is
rotated, the spiral spring will rotate and pull the
material in the spiral spring.
This grain bag tool in the form of a spiral spring
conveyor serves to insert grain into sacks, which
consists of a spiral spring as a grain transfer unit, this
grain transfer tool is moved by an electric motor. In
the process of transferring the grain, the grain will be
sucked in through a flexible hose which contains a
spiral spring which is rotated by an electric motor so
1. Top cover 7. V-belt
2. Frame 8. Pully
3. Dispensing chimney 9. Sprocket
4. Adapter 10. Chain
5. Switch 11. Bucket
6. Electric motor
10
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iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science
960
that the grain will move upwards.
The flow diagram of the process of designing or
making grain transfer equipment can be seen in
Figure 6.
Figure 6: Flowchart of making conveyor spiral spring.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The process of bagging the grain is currently done
manually, carried out in two as shown in Figure 1, this
process causes fatigue, because it is done by bending.
Based on these observations, the author designed a
tool that can ease the burden on workers and speed up
the work process without causing pain in the waist.
Figure 7 shows a grain bagging device using a spiral
spring conveyor.
Based on the results of the tests that have been
carried out for bagging 1 sack of grain to the
conventional grain bagging process and using a spiral
spring conveyor, significant results were obtained on
bagging speed and comfort.
Caption:
1. Frame 5. Place of entry of rice
2. Funnel out 6. Pulley
3. Electric motor 7. Axle holder box
4.V Belt 8. Axle screw holder
Figure 7: Spiral spring conveyor.
The conventional grain bagging process for one
sack of grain takes 59.8 seconds to bag one sack of
grain weighing 26.4 kg. Table 1 shows the time it
takes to bag 1 sack of grain, the testing process is
carried out 5 times.
Table 1: Manual bagging process.
Bagging
process
No.
Weight
of bagged
grain (kg)
Time
(seconds)
explanation
1 26 60 -
2 25 57 low back pain
3 28 66 low back
p
ain
4 27 59 fati
q
ue
5 26 57 pain in the
waist
The data on the grain bagging process using a
spiral spring conveyor can be seen in table 2.
Table 2: Bagging process with spiral spring conveyor.
Bagging
process
No.
Weight of
bagged
g
rain
(
k
g)
Time
(seconds)
explanation
1 27 30 no com
p
laints
2 32 29 no com
p
laints
3 31 27 no complaints
4 34 28 no complaints
5 32 29 no complaints
To make it easier to compare one by one, from the
results table a graph of the comparison of the weight
and time needed to bag the grain in one sack can be
made. Figure 8 shows the comparison of the weight
of the grain each time a bag is inserted into the sack
from the expectation to include as much as 30 kg.
7
A Design of a Grain Bagging Tool Using Sphiral Spring Type Conveyor
961
Figure 8 shows the volume obtained during the
manual bagging process. Based on the results of tests
carried out 5 times, the average weight is 26.4 kg.
Figure 8: Manual bagging process.
Figure 9 shows the weight obtained after
weighing the filling using a spiral spring conveyor.
The test results show the average mass of filled grain
is 31.2 kg
Figure 9: Conveyor spring spiral bagging process.
By comparing the manual bagging process with
bagging using a spiral spring conveyor, the graph of
the average weight filled into the sack can be seen in
Figure 10.
Figure 10: Weight comparison of the bagging process.
Based on the test results, it was found that the
weight that was filled into the manually filled sacks
was always less than the weight obtained which was
filled using a spiral spring conveyor. This is because
the workers are tired so they think the sacks are full.
Based on the results of testing the time required to
bag 1 sack of grain manually as shown in the data in
tables 1 and 2, a graph can be made as shown in
Figure 11.
Figure 11: The time it takes to deliver 1 sack of grain.
While the time needed to bag 1 sack of grain using
a spiral spring type conveyor can be graphed as
shown in Figure 12
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Figure 12: The time it takes to deliver 1 sack of grain.
Comparison of the time required to bagging 1 sack
of grain between the bagging process manually and
bagging using a spiral spring conveyor, a comparison
graph is obtained as shown in Figure 13.
Figure 13: Comparison of the time it takes to deliver 1 sack
of grain.
From Figures 10 and 13 it can be seen that the
comparison of the speed of the manual bagging
process with bagging using a spiral spring conveyor.
Based on the weight in one sack, it was found that the
mass of grain with the bagging process using a spiral
spring conveyor was more than the mass using the
conventional method. The average mass obtained
from the manual bagging process is 26.4 kg, while
using a spiral spring conveyor is 31.2 kg. This means
that there is an average increase of 4.8 kg or an
increase of 18.2 percent.
Based on the time required to bag 1 sack of grain
manually is 59.8 seconds, compared to using a spiral
spring conveyor is 28.6 seconds. So there is a time
savings of 51.5 percent.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the design results, the dimensions of the
grain bagging device using a spiral spring conveyor
are 820.59 mm long, 600 mm wide and 1259.35 mm
high.
The bagging process using a spiral spring
conveyor has an increase in speed of 51.5 percent so
it has a very good performance.
The weight gained by bagging using a spiral
spring conveyor also increased by 18.3 percent.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author expresses his deepest gratitude to the
Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of
Indonesia, Bali State Polytechnic for the financial
support. P3M Bali State Polytechnic is also grateful
for the administrative support so that this research can
be carried out.
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procces
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