The Community Participation in the Prevention and Transmission of

Viruses Through the COVID-19 Vaccination Policy in DKI Jakarta:

Case Study on COVID -19 Vaccination Policy in Paseban Village,

Central Jakarta

Hendra Wijayanto, Masnia Ahmad and Siti Mutiah

Public Administration Department, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

Keywords: Society Participation, Covid-19 Vaccination Policy, Paseban Village

Abstract: The Low awareness to carry out Covid-19 vaccinations in the Paseban Village, Central Jakarta, which

creates obstacles in realizing community participation for the prevention and transmission of the Covid-19

virus. The purpose of this study was to find out from community participation in the prevention and

transmission of the virus through the Covid-19 vaccination in Paseban Village as well as the supporting and

inhibiting factors. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach that focuses

on one institution. This case study approach is used because there are in-depth case studies researching

either an individual, a group, an organization, or a program. The data collection of this research used the

method of interview, observation, and data collection with documents. The results of this study indicate that

community participation is quite enthusiastic, but only as a beneficiary. Not yet fully aware of the

participation in the implementation, it goes directly into the implementation, because there are donations or

donations (contributions) that are mostly carried out by the local government of Paseban Village. The

arrangement or (organization) is formed and implemented from the stakeholders of Paseban Village.

1 INTRODUCTION

The phenomenon of the outbreak that has been

running for two years in Indonesia, namely the

corona virus or called the Covid-19 Pandemic, is a

disease that is developing and is still being

explored for ways of healing for the community.

This Covid-19 pandemic case looks mild because

it is similar to the flu, cough is accompanied by

fever, but the outbreak that came earlier from

China started at the end of 2019 until now. When

the government started, it was stated according to

the WHO (World Health Organization) that this

outbreak was a pandemic, so Covid-19 became a

global health emergency (Kompas.com, 2020). In

the Ministry of Health, the Directorate of Health

Promotion and Community Empowerment (2021)

explained that there are 3 steps to strengthen

community participation in preventing the spread

of Covid-19, namely; (1) strengthening narratives

of social solidarity, mutual cooperation, and

community empathy, (2) building space for

managing community participation at the Central

and Regional levels, (3) strengthening structural

networks. This is a joint collaboration between the

community and local governments who collaborate

to become the most important role during this

Covid-19 pandemic.

With this Covid-19 vaccination program

policy, it is important to determine the success of

community participation who participates in

helping prevent the spread of the corona virus or

Covid-19 outbreak, not only as spectators because

the community has an important role for a policy.

stated by Adisasmita in Hermawan & Rofiq

(2020), that community participation is also a

community empowerment, their participation in

activities (contributions) in the implementation of

development or in terms of this corona virus

prevention program. The program that was built in

Paseban Village, namely "pick up the ball" tries to

create an active role from community participation

in assisting the implementation of vaccination.

However, what can be seen in the article from the

Central Jakarta City Government that the "pick up

the ball" activity is still being carried out from the

Wijayanto, H., Ahmad, M. and Mutiah, S.

The Community Participation in the Prevention and Transmission of Viruses Through the COVID-19 Vaccination Policy in DKI Jakarta: Case Study on COVID -19 Vaccination Policy in

Paseban Village, Central Jakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0011976100003582

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP) UTA â

Z45 Jakarta (ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022), pages 65-70

ISBN: 978-989-758-654-5; ISSN: 2828-853X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Paseban Urban Village government, there is no

direct contribution from the community in the

implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination.

Along with the policies of both the Regional

Government and the Central Government that set

the game changer or vaccination program, the

Covid-19 vaccination program started from

President Jokowi in early January 2021, followed

by medical personnel and other prioritized groups

(Kompas.com, 2021). The Covid-19 vaccination

program was carried out at several points, namely

SDN 05 Pagi, Paseban Village Health Center and

SMAN 68 Jakarta. This Paseban Kelurahan which

has a vaccination implementation according to the

DKI Jakarta Provincial Government which applies

a mass to mobile system, even a mobile

vaccination center in Paseban Village is carried out

in collaboration with the DKI Jakarta Provincial

Government and several collaborating parties

(Beritajakarta.id, 2021). This mandatory mobile

system is regulated by Presidential Regulation

(Perpres) Number 14 of 2021 on the amendment to

Presidential Regulation Number 99 of 2020

concerning the Procurement and Implementation

of Covid-19 Vaccinations. There is also the

opening of access by the Paseban Village as a

"pick up ball" program in collaboration with the

Paseban Village Health Center and several other

regional parties in the implementation of the

Covid-19 vaccination, especially for the elderly in

Paseban Village who have concerns about the

effects of this Covid-19 vaccination.

Paseban Village in implementing door to door

community motivation directly by the Paseban

Village Head brought several places by providing

the first and second doses, this resulted in some

residents stating that they were afraid of the safety

and halalness of the Covid-19 vaccine. Therefore,

community participation in carrying out this

vaccination is still not fully carried out by citizens.

Implementation, especially for the elderly as an

effort to speed up the spread of Covid-19

vaccination, the Paseban Village Head

immediately carried out a "pick-up" by taking

several elderly people who started having

responses about hoax news circulating

(central.jakarta.go.id, 2021). The researcher

understands that the Paseban Village community

lacks knowledge about the safety of Covid-19

vaccination to achieve herd immunity during a

pandemic, therefore the importance of increasing

socialization about the Covid-19 vaccination

program must be closer to the residents, because it

builds a trust for this vaccination. especially for the

elderly who urgently need an in-depth approach

not only through social media but directly.

With this, the role of the local government of

Paseban Village, both Kelurahan, Rukun Warga,

and Rukun Tetangga, must be more comprehensive

in the motivation of the community for community

participation in the implementation of this

vaccination evenly. So, from the problems above,

the title of the researcher to be carried out is;

"Public Participation in the Prevention and

Transmission of Viruses Through the Covid-19

Vaccination Policy in DKI Jakarta Province (Case

Study of the Covid-19 Vaccination Policy in

Paseban Village, Central Jakarta)".

2 LITERATUR REVIEW

2.1 Governance

Governance or what is known (governance)

according to Ganie Rochman in Harbani (2017)

that there is an understanding of governance as a

system in the management of economic and social

resources that affect the state sector and includes

the government sector which becomes a collective

activity. Meanwhile, according to Pinto in Widodo

and Harbani (2017) that governance is a practical

activity in the administration of power and

authority of the government to manage all

government affairs in general and development,

especially the economy. With this governance

practice emerged what is called Good governance

in the World Bank's explanation in Harbani (2017)

that Good governance is the implementation of

stable and responsible management, with

democracy that is in line and has an efficient

market, prevention of wrong investment

allocations, and avoids corruption/ Political or

administrative KKN, disciplined budget execution

and the creation of a legal and political framework

for the growth of entrepreneurship. In Governance,

this concept explains that management activities

are related by several parties related to government

by increasing the country's development goals.

2.2 Community Empowerment

According to Andi et al, (2019) Empowerment is

the ability of a person or group of people to take an

action in the form of reason, an effort to increase

the ability of a community or community group to

be able to act in accordance with the dignity and

worth in exercising the rights and responsibilities

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

of being a member of the community. Another

definition from Rahman (2016) regarding

empowerment as the basic foundation at the

individual and social levels in honing the abilities

of a person or group who is vulnerable and weak,

so that they have the ability or strength to fulfill

their basic needs, reach all productive sources,

participate in the development process and in

making influential decisions.

2.3 Society Participation

The word Participation which means 'participation'

or 'participation' According to Tawai & Yusuf

(2017) participation is defined as a process of

participation, involvement and togetherness of

citizens either as individuals or social groups or

community organizations that are realized by the

awareness of citizens, either directly or indirectly.

directly without coercion from certain parties.

Meanwhile, according to Pasaribu in Tawai &

Yusuf (2017) participation is usually given by the

participating groups, namely the community.

Therefore, the role of this community as a

benchmark for the success of a development.

There are five indicators of community

participation described by Oakley in Rahmawati, et

al (2021), including the existence of donations

(contributions), preparation or (organization), the

role of the community and their active actions,

community motivation, and community

responsibility.

2.4 Definition of Society

Society as defined by Smith, et al (1950) in Anwar

& Adang (2017) that society as a group in which

several individuals are organized and think about

themselves as a different group. Another opinion

according to Koentjaraningrat in Anwar & Adang

(2017) explains that this community is a group of

humans or a unit of human life that interacts

according to a certain customary system that is

continuous and is related by a sense of shared

identity. It can be concluded that society as a social

being has continuous interaction. So that the

community in this study has the most important

role for community participation to take place,

because public policy is made from the people and

for the people, namely the community.

2.5 Public Policy

Society plays an important role in public policy

because of the implementation carried out by

someone as a driver. Policies are made because of

the best and appropriate decision choices (Harbani,

2017). From the concept of public policy

according to Chandler and Plano in Harbani (2017)

that public policy is a strategic use of existing

resources to solve public or government problems.

Meanwhile, Willian N. Dunn in Harbani (2017)

explains that the notion of public policy is a series

of several related choices from government

institutions or officials to areas related to

government duties. Public policy is a determinant

or choice in future development steps, during the

Covid-19 pandemic, vaccination is a game chager

who is believed to be changing that results in an

increase.

2.6 Understanding Covid-19

Vaccination

This vaccine is a biological product that contains

antigens when given to a person, the specific

immunity for the body is active against certain

diseases. Vaccines are not drugs but encourage the

formation of more specific immunity, such as the

Covid-19 vaccine, which is useful for avoiding or

preventing transmission that causes serious illness

(pom.go.id, 2019). It is stated in Presidential

Decree No. 12 of 2020 concerning the

Determination of Non-Natural Disasters for the

Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)

as National Disasters.

The driving or supporting factors as positive

traits encourage community participation which

include:

a. Opportunity,

b. Willingness, as well as

c. Ability.

The inhibiting factors as negative traits that

affect community participation include:

a. The individual nature of the indifference

of the community,

b. The demographics contained in the

location of the implementation,

c. The economy that comes from one's work

income.

3 METHODS

This research uses descriptive qualitative method

with case studies. The location of this research is

Paseban, Central Jakarta. There are two sources of

data in this study, namely primary data and

The Community Participation in the Prevention and Transmission of Viruses Through the COVID-19 Vaccination Policy in DKI Jakarta:

Case Study on COVID -19 Vaccination Policy in Paseban Village, Central Jakarta

secondary data. The results of primary data

obtained through records of interviews with

informants, results of field observations, and data

on informants. While secondary data include

books, journals and related articles which are

sources of supporting data. The informants of this

study consisted of several who provided

information in the research problem. Some of the

informants included the Paseban Village Head, the

Head of the Paseban Village Health Center, the

Head of the Community Units from 02 and 03,

members of the Youth Organizations RW 02 and

03, the Paseban Village Community who had

already vaccinated stages I and II and who had not

vaccinated. Then the data collection method is

carried out in three ways, namely interview

(interview), observation (observation and

recording), and data collection techniques with

documents that can be used to support the validity

of research results using source triangulation.

Meanwhile, the data analysis used in this study

was through data reduction, data presentation, and

drawing conclusions (verification).

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Community Participation in the

Covid-19 Vaccination Policy in

Paseban Village, Central Jakarta

City

Based on the research results obtained regarding

public participation in vaccination policies in the

Paseban Village, Central Jakarta, including;

a. The existence of donations or donations

(contributions) in the form of cash

contributions from RW and Youth

Organizations in several areas, and

contributions in the form of collaboration

from Paseban Village stakeholders. As well

as the community who only contribute

energy in the implementation.

b. The arrangement or (organization) is based

on the regional government, namely the

Covid-19 Task Force is still held by the

Lurah. Then several members as volunteers

from the RW. So that the formation is not

made an election.

c. The role of the community and active

action from the community, the enthusiasm

of the residents is based on their personal

needs, only the acceptance of the benefits is

considered very good, although many

people still have a perspective that this

vaccination is only an administrative

requirement for survival.

d. Community motivation is carried out “door

to door” or collected by stakeholders in

Paseban Village, but not evenly distributed.

And nearby residents in several areas

motivate each other.

e. Community responsibility has been realized

by some residents from achieving herd

immunity, however, there is also awareness

based on the necessities of life such as

administrative requirements.

4.2 Supporting Factors and Inhibiting

Factors

The supporting factors among the society in

Paseban Village includes:

a. First, is the opportunity factor which

consists of the public's awareness that the

Covid-19 vaccination is an epidemic that is

a shared responsibility and the community

knows the experience after the Covid-19

vaccination.

b. Second, is the willingness to have an

incentive to foster interest from the

community in this vaccination, including

the pick-up and drop-off program where the

post that opens the vaccination

implementation becomes easier for

residents to access, administrative

requirements in work, transportation, social

activities outside the home, and etc.

However, the provision of basic necessities

is also a factor in the growth of the

willingness to carry out this Covid-19

vaccination, because there have been so

many increases as a result of this being

done.

c. Third, is the ability to carry out various RT,

RW, Karang Taruna and Kelurahan directly

who provide socialization and motivation

for things that are worried by the

community after carrying out the Covid-19

vaccination. This is from the principle of

role capability in good governance related

to the role of stakeholders in Paseban

Village, but it has not been evenly

distributed. Then there is collaboration

between the local government in this case

the Kelurahan, RT, RW, and Puskesmas as

well as the support of other institutions, so

that this vaccination target can be achieved

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

even in some areas exceeding the target

coverage in a day of implementing the

Covid-19 vaccination in Paseban Village.

The inhibiting factors among the society in

Paseban Village includes:

a. First is the individual's inner nature related

to laziness, apathy, ignorance related to

indifference to the environment, both from

health and in development for the

development of the country. The nature of

the individuals who are hindering in the

Paseban Village includes their own

perspective regarding vaccinations that

have negative issues, making him feel that

this policy has no effect on himself or his

life. This indifference was also spurred by

the effects of hoax news on social media,

the results of interviews with almost all

parties who saw that this was absorbed by

the community as well as the news was

raised by the community so that they had a

negative perspective with the Covid-19

vaccination policy.

b. Second is the demographic factor, the

obstacle to this vaccination activity is age.

This is because the Paseban sub-district,

Central Jakarta, has a very large number of

elderly people, so they do not want to

vaccinate because the effects of this

vaccination on the elderly are very

vulnerable (especially those with hormobid

or congenital diseases). Therefore, the

Paseban sub-district carried out a "pick-up

ball" program where access was closer in

the community area, both implemented by

the Puskesmas and other parties

collaborating with the Paseban Village.

c. Third, namely the economic factor, this

factor is related to the income obtained

from work because people need more

income during the pandemic, namely their

personal needs. So that aspects of the

government and government policies on

vaccination are neglected. With this, the

Paseban sub-district government should pay

more attention to the most important thing

in good governance, namely accountability,

where the Covid-19 Task Force pays

special attention so that people are aware

that this participation is needed during the

Covid-19 pandemic.

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the research results obtained regarding

public participation in vaccination policies in the

Paseban Village, Central Jakarta. Some

conclusions can be drawn that community

participation is quite enthusiastic but only as a

beneficiary. Not yet fully aware of the

participation in the implementation, it goes directly

into the implementation, because there are

donations or donations (contributions) that are

mostly carried out by the local government of

Paseban Village. The preparation or (organization)

is also based on the implementation of the Paseban

Urban Village government and its formation. This

is because the principle of transparency in

government management has not been

implemented properly so that the role of the

community and their active, enthusiastic actions

are based on their personal needs for survival. As

well as from the ability of the Paseban Village

stakeholder role which has not been evenly

distributed which makes the active role low. Then

the motivation of the community from various

Paseban Village programs has not been evenly

distributed. So that the responsibility of the

community is realized by some residents based on

the necessities of life such as administrative

requirements. Regarding the supporting factors of

external encouragement to make this community

aware of this vaccination. As well as inhibiting

factors from deeper health benefits that are known

to the public and do not require Covid-19

vaccinations for their daily needs. With this the

importance of growth for the realization of

community participation in Paseban Village,

through democracy that invites transparent

togetherness, so that some residents who have the

opportunity to contribute to the implementation

can be seen and do not cause negative issues from

the proximity of one party to the stakeholders of

Paseban Village.

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