Overview of Knowledge and Experience Drug Use Among Society in

North Jakarta

Rima Nurfadillah

and Diana Laila Ramatillah

Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Drugs, Knowledge, Experience, North Jakarta.

Abstract: The high level of drug dependence in North Jakarta impacts the increase of crime in that area. Lack of

knowledge is one of the contributing factors in drug abuse cases. This study aims to describe the knowledge

and experience of drug use among society in North Jakarta. This study uses a prospective cross-sectional

method and spearman rank test. The instruments used include a validity test reliability test, the sample size in

this study was (n= 300) participants. From this study, it is known that having experience using illegal drugs

is as much as 9.67% or 29 respondents, with 85.7% having good knowledge of drugs. In contrast, regarding

whether drugs are bad for yourself, as many as 53% or 159 respondents agreed, 61.7% answered drugs are

hazardous, and 51.3% or 154 respondents said drugs could damage the body, especially brain cells. Only a

small percentage of 9.67% or 29 respondents have drug experience, but more than 50% of respondents already

know what drugs are and their dangers.

1 INTRODUCTION

Drugs are narcotics, psychotropics, and other

dangerous addictive substances that, when entered

into the human body, either orally/drunk, inhaled, or

injected, can change a person's mind, mood or

feelings, and behavior. Drugs or narcotics come from

the English narcos or narcosis, which means to put to

sleep and anesthesia (Githa Pratiwi et al., 2019).

Drugs can cause dependence (addiction) physically

and psychologically for users (Esther et al., 2021).

Narcotics are substances or drugs derived from plants

or non-plants, either synthetic or semi-synthetic, that

can cause a decrease or change in consciousness, loss

of taste, reduce to eliminate pain, and can cause

dependence on users (Hartini et al., 2018).

Psychotropics are substances or drugs, whether

natural or synthetic non-narcotic, which are

efficacious psychoactive through selective influence

on the CNS (central nervous system) that can cause

typical changes in mental activity and behavior of

users (Hartini et al., 2018). Usually, doctors use

psychotropic drugs to treat patients with mental

disorders. Other addictive substances are substances

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-3455

https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000

or non-narcotic and Psychotropic Substances that can

influence the work of the brain and cause dependence.

(Act No.22 of 1997 on narcotics) this material may

direct or act as an addiction to narcotics (Hartini et al.,

2018). Drugs also impact health, such as

neurological, cardiovascular, dermatological,

pulmonary disorders, frequent headaches, nausea,

vomiting, increased body temperature, liver

depletion, and insomnia (Hartini et al., 2018). The

impact on reproductive health is endocrine disorders

such as the decreased function of reproductive

hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) and

sexual function disorders (Hartini et al., 2018).

Impacts on reproductive health in adolescent girls

include changes in irregular menstrual cycles (Hartini

et al., 2018). Drug users through syringes, especially

the use of syringes alternately, can pose a risk of

contracting diseases such as hepatitis B, C, and HIV,

which until now have no cure (Hartini et al., 2018).

Drug abuse can also be fatal because there can be an

overdose, excessive drug consumption past the body's

ability to accept it, and can cause death (Kemenkes,

2017). DKI Jakarta is divided into five regions, one

of which is North Jakarta. The high crime rate in the

North Jakarta area makes some residents go to prison

Nurfadillah, R. and Ramatillah, D.

Overview of Knowledge and Experience Drug Use Among Society in North Jakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0011978600003582

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP) UTA â

Z45 Jakarta (ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022), pages 197-200

ISBN: 978-989-758-654-5; ISSN: 2828-853X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

197

for criminal acts such as theft, logging, to drug abuse

(Patuwondatu, 2019). The importance of knowledge

of drug abuse is very influential for those who

sometimes want to know or try to use drugs and for

those who have experienced dependence on drugs

(Patuwondatu, 2019).

2 METHODS

This research method is a prospective cross-sectional

study and spearman rank test, The instruments used

in this study are a validity and reliability test with a

Cronbach alpha 0.803. Using convenience sampling

technique for three months. In this study, data

collection was carried out using completed

questionnaires. The questionnaire was conducted

online by distributing the Google questionnaire form

through Whatsapp and Instagram groups to family,

friends, and the community in North Jakarta.

Inclusion criteria are all residents living in North

Jakarta and aged 15-30 years and exclusion criteria

are residents who are less than 15 years old and more

than 30 years old and are not willing to fill out the

questionnaire completely. 300 respondents met the

inclusion criteria. The data collection process was

carried out by distributing questionnaires, and then

the data were analyzed uses SPSS software version

26 for statistical data processing.

2.1 Ethical Cleareance

The Ethics Committee has approved this research of

Health Research at the University of August 17, 1945,

Jakarta, based on the certificate of ethical feasibility

(Ethical Clearance) with the number: No.32/KEPK-

UTA45JKT/EC/EXE/05/2022

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 1: Characteristic of Respondent.

Based on the (Figure 1) results of the study of 300

participants or respondents, it is known that the most

gender is female, as much as 55.3% or 166

respondents, and male gender as much as 44.7% or

134 respondents. This is in line with the research by

Prastidini et al. (Prastidini et al. 2018). Most of the

respondents were female gender as much as 54%

where gender affects the way of thinking (Prastidini

et al., 2018).

Table 1: Correlation between Sociodemograpgy (age,

gender, education level, jobs, salary) and Drug Knowledge.

No Sociodemography N (%) P-value*

1. Age

15-20

21-25

26-30

77 (25,7%)

156 (52%)

67 (22,3%)

0,000

2. Gender

Male (134)

Female (166)

134 (44,7%)

166 (55,3%)

0,073

3. Education Level

Elementary School

Junior High School

Senior High School

Diploma

Strata 1

Bachelor's Degree

Uneducate

2 (0,7% )

44 (14,7%)

164 (54,7%)

29 (41.67%)

58 (19,3%)

1 (0,3%)

2 (0,7%)

0,000

4. Jobs

Permanent

Contract

Student

Unemployment

49 (16,3%)

85 (28,3%)

110 (36.67%)

56 (18,7%)

0,028

5. Salary

1-3 Million

3-6 Million

>6 Million

No income

54 (18%)

80 (26,7%)

19 (6,3%)

147 (49%)

0,033

*) Chi-Square Test *) Spearman Rank Test

In (Table 1) shows the age of most respondents,

namely the age (21-25) years, as many as 52% or 156

respondents, which is in line with Najafi and Nasiri's

research, where the average dependence on drugs or

illicit drugs is 22 years (in youth and adolescence).

(Najafi & Nasiri, 2019). It is known that the most

educational history in this study is SMA / SMK

equivalent of 54.7% or 164 respondents, at the level

of SMA/SMK is a teenager and usually easily

influenced by peers, which is in line with research by

Supratman (Supratman, 2018). According to BNN

data, in 2016 there are 27.32% of total drug users

among students were drugs became a trend and the

desire to try. This is also in line with wahyudi'S

research (Wahyudin. w & Z, 2018). Students begin to

44,7

55,3

134

166

MALE FEMALE

CHARACTERISTIC OF RESPONDENT

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

198

recognize illegal drugs due to various factors,

including social, economic, educational, and family

factors. While on the status of work obtained, most

respondents are still in school where they are still

studying and do not have income (Wahyudin. w & Z,

2018).

Table 2: Distribution of Respondents' Answers to Drug

Knowledge Questions.

No. Question N (%)

1. Drugs stand for

(narcotics,

psychotropic, and

addictive

substances)

True 188 (62.7%)

False 43 (14.3%)

Not knowing 69 (23%)

2. Do you know what

drugs are?

Yes 257 (85.7%)

No 43 (14.3%)

3. Do you know the

consequences of

drug abuse are bad

for yourself and

others?

Yes 159 (53%)

No 141 (47%)

4. Did you know that

drugs are

dangerous?

Yes 185 (61.7%)

No 115 (38.3%)

5. Do you know drugs

can make organs,

especially brain

cells, become

damaged?

Yes 154 (51.3%)

No 146 (48.7%)

At (Table 2) from the results of the questionnaire

answers (85.7%) or 257 respondents who know what

the drug is, while the question whether the drug is bad

for yourself is as much (53%) or 159 respondents

answered in the affirmative. This is in line with Dwi

and Muhammad's research (Dwi Wahyu Utomo Hadi,

Muhammad Rasyid, 2019), where the knowledge of

adolescents about the dangers and effects of drugs

from 94 respondents, as many as (59.6%) or 56

respondents, is sufficient, (30.9%) or 29 respondents

are good, (9.6%) or nine respondents are not good.

And on the question of whether the drug is very

dangerous, obtained as much (61.7%), or 185

respondents answered the drug is very dangerous,

whereas (51.3%) or 154 respondents said the drug

could damage the body, especially brain cells. From

the results of the answers above, it is known that

public knowledge about drugs is good for (85.7%) as

many as 257 respondents.

Figure 2: Distribution Chart of Drug Experience.

Base on the (Figure 2) from questionnaire

answers show that experience using illegal drugs or

drugs is as much (9.67%) or 29 respondents. The

known type of drug that is most widely used is

codeine. Codeine is a class of opioids that are

analgesic drugs as moderate to severe pain relievers

and are usually also found in the content of cough

medicine (Lubis, N. M. D., & Ramadhania, 2018).

Codeine causes dependence (addiction) because it is

psychoactive that plays a direct role in the central

nervous system (CNS), which can reduce the level of

consciousness, pain, heart rate, and respiration

(Bahrir, 2019). Doctors usually use codeine as a

cough medicine, but it can cause dependence, so its

circulation is limited and closely monitored, and

obtaining a doctor's prescription is required (Agustina

& Sirait, 2020). Codeine is also a derivative of

morphine which has analgesic effects, euphoria,

sedation, reduced concentration, nausea, and a feeling

of heaviness in the extremities (Baysinger, 2018).

This finding is also in line with the research of

0,97%

1,20%

4,20%

2,40%

0,90%

90,33%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

TYPE DRUG

Overview of Knowledge and Experience Drug Use Among Society in North Jakarta

199

Wibowo and Aditya (Wibowo, 2021). Codeine has a

mechanism for suppressing the frequency of

coughing and suppressing the stimulation of

coughing and expiratory motor pathways. American

Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) has banned the use of

codeine cough medicine in children because it has

been studied by the European Medicines Agency

(EMA) that the content of codeine will be rapidly

metabolized into morphine,causing toxic effects of

difficulty breathing (Wibowo, 2021). Effects of drug

use or illicit drugs that occur among adolescents and

adults due to lack of knowledge of the impact of drug

abuse for themselves and others (Suryani et al., 2020).

4 CONCLUSIONS

This study concludes that only a small percentage of

9.67% or 29 respondents have drug experience, but

more than 50% of respondents already know what

drugs are and their dangers.

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