Evaluation of the Full Dosage Sinovac and Pfizer COVID-19

Vaccination into Adolescent

Agnes Sohilait and Diana Laila Ramatillah

Faculty Pharmacy, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Evaluation of Covid-19, Sinovac, Pfizer, Adolescent.

Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

2 (SARS-CoV-2). The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of exposure to Covid-19, to

determine the sociodemographic description of the variables of age, gender, vaccine type, BMI, vaccine side

effects, to determine the relationship between age, gender, BMI, vaccine side effects and exposure to Covid-

19. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in this study. This study only involved 600 respondents

aged 11-18 years who had been vaccinated against Sinovac and Pfizer. The results obtained in this study were

the amount of exposure to Covid-19 in Sinovac and Pfizer vaccination participantsin adolescents 6

participants were in Sinovac 4 participants and Pfizer 3 participants. Other influencing factors are the type of

vaccine and side effects with the p-value of each variable <0.05. there is a relationship between the type of

vaccine and vaccine side effects.

1 INTRODUCTION

In 2019, the world was rocked by the COVID-19

pandemic which started in Wuhan, Hubei, People’s

Republic of China. The extent of the virus, which is

classified as SARS, was not previously determined

until finally, a month after it was discovered that

COVID-19 was a highly contagious virus. COVID-

19 can be transmitted mainly through the particles

that come out of the breath when individuals are

within one meter of it(Darwis et al., n.d.).

The virus that causes COVID-19 is called SARS-

CoV-2. Coronavirus is zoonotic (transmitted between

animals and humans). One of the study reported that

SARS was transmitted from civet cats to humans and

MERS from camels to humans. Meanwhile, the

animal that is the source of the transmission of

COVID-19 is still unknown(Darwis et al., n.d.).

Symptoms are usually mild and appear gradually

and some infected individuals may show no signs and

still feel well. According to one study, it was stated

that WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic

on Wednesday, March 11, 2020, and cases have been

steadily increasing since then(Ramatillah et al.,

2021).

According to Arnanda N, Ramatillah DL. SARS-

CoV2 infection and disease can be divided into three

phases: I. asymptomatic, phase with or without

detectable virus; II. milder symptoms, phase with

upper airway involvement; and III. severe, potentially

lethal disease with hypoxia, 'ground glass' infiltrates in

the lungs, and progression to acute respiratory

distress syndrome (ARDS)(Arnanda & Ramatillah,

2022).

There are 3 categories of severity of COVID-19

according to Gee S, Gaughran F, et al : (1) Critical

Covid-19 [Acute respiratory distress syndrome

(ARDS), sepsis, septic shock, or patients requiring

life-sustaining therapy] (2) Severe COVID-19

[SpO2<90 %, had signs of ARDS and pneumonia] (3)

Non-severe COVID-19 [no criteria for severe or

critical signs](Gee et al., 2020).

The COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in a

significant increase in mortality and has thrown the

country into recession. Although the virus spread can

be slowed by physical separation, face coverings,

testing, and tracing, effective vaccines are given to a

large portion of the world’s population to prevent

serious illness and disease and achieve herd immunity

to transmit the virus(Sutardi & Ramatillah, 2022).

According to WHO: Some countries have given

emergency use authorization for mRNA vaccines for

use in the adolescent age group (aged 12-17 years)

BNT162b2 developed by Pfizer. two inactivated

vaccines (Sinovac-CoronaVac and BBIBP-CorV)

250

Sohilait, A. and Ramatillah, D.

Evaluation of the Full Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Adolescent.

DOI: 10.5220/0011979400003582

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar and Call for Paper (ISCP) UTA â

Z45 Jakarta (ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022), pages 250-257

ISBN: 978-989-758-654-5; ISSN: 2828-853X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

and these products were approved by Chinese

authorities for age indication of 3-17 years; although

these vaccine products have received EUL for adults,

they have not received WHO EUL for children(WHO

SAGE ROADMAP FOR PRIORITIZING USE OF

COVID-19 VACCINES, 2022).

2 METHOD

2.1 Design

This research was conducted with a quantitative

approach using a retrospective cross-sectional design

using a questionnaire. The data collection technique

was carried out using a survey method using a google

form which was distributed online to adolescents who

had been vaccinated against complete doses of

Sinovac and Pfizer.

2.2 Population and Sample

Participants in this study were Indonesian people >18

years old who had received the complete dose of

AstraZeneca vaccine with a total of 310 respondents.

2.3 Instrument

This study uses a questionnaire distributed through

social media (WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and

Telegram). The number of questionnaires in this

study was 67 questions about nonidentity and

comorbidities. 67 questions were about the side

effects received after the first and second doses of

vaccination in the short and long term, as well as

monitoring the side effects of the vaccine for 1-6

months after being vaccinated. For validating the

questionnaire in this study using a standardized

questionnaire where the Cronbach alpha was

appropriate as in the following literatur(Ramatillah et

al., 2019).

2.4 Selection Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

a. Adolescent boys and girls

b. Adolescents 11-18 years old

c. Adolescents who have been vaccinated with

Sinovac and Pfizer complete doses for a

minimum of 2 months

d. Adolescents who are willing to take partin

researchha

e. Indonesia citizens

Exclusion Criteria

a. Adolescents 11-18 years who have not been

vaccinated at full doses

b. Cancer, Autoimmune, Hepatitis, HIV AIDS

c. He Pregnant women

2.5 Statistical Analysis

The collected results were analyzed using the SPSS

version 25 application. Fisher, Chi-square, and Mann-

Whitney test was used to find the relationship

between risk factors (gender, age, BMI, vaccine

type), and a side effect-valuable of 0.05 was

considered significant

2.6 Ethical Approval

As stated in figure 1 ethical approval was obtained

before conducting the study. Ethical approval comes

from the Health Research Ethics Committee,

University of 17 August 1945 Jakarta, with approval

letter No.49/KEPK-UTA45JKT/EC/EXP/07/2022

Figure 1: Research Framework.

3 RESULT

In this study, 600 participants were used with an

average age of 11-18 years. To get participants in this

study, social media WhatsApp, Telegram and

Instagram were used for distributing questionnaires.

Problem topic

determination

Determination

of research

location

Proposal

drafting process

Get ethical

approval

Questionnaire

draft

Reviewed by 3

experts

Valid 3 experts

Pilot Study 30

sample

Cronbach

<0,6>

Survey for 300

respondents

AnalysisReporting

Evaluation of the Full Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Adolescent

251

Figure 2: Participants by Gender.

Based on Figure 2, it can be seen that there were 600

participants of different genders, 44% (264) of

participants, and 56% (336) of fee participants.

Figure 3. Participants Affected by COVID- 19.

Based on figure 3, it can be seen from 600 participants

that 57% (4) Sinovac vaccine participants were

affected by Covid-19 and 43% (3) Pfizer vaccine

participants were affecred by Covid-19.

Table 1: Relationship between vaccine types and

comorbidities.

Variable Frequency/Percentage

(%)

P.Value

Asthma

Sinovac

(n=300)

Pfizer

(n=300)

0.414

10/3.33 15/5

*Fisher test, #Chi-

Square

From a total of 600 participants with 300 Simovac

and 300 Pfizer each with a p-value 0.005 of all

participants, there was only astma in the Sinovac

vaccine at 3.33% and the Pfizer vaccine at 5%. As

showtablee 1. There is no significant data so there is

no relationship between vaccine typed and

comorbidity.

Figure 4; Presentation treated from Covid-19.

Figure 4. It can be seen that 99% of those who are not

exposed and those who are self-isolating are 1%, in

hospital/Non-ICU and Hospital/ICU 0%

Table 2. Correlation between vaccine type and exposure to

COVID-19.

Kind of

Vaccine

Exposed to

Covid-

19/Percentage

P-Value

Sinovac

Pfize

3/1

Total p-

value

0.249

*Fisher test, #Chi-square

It can be seen in table 2. There is no significant data

on the correlation between the type of vaccine and

exposure to COVID-19 with a p-value of

0.249>0.005.

Table 3: Correlation between age, BMI, and vaccine side

effects.

Variable Frequency/

Percentage (%)

P-

value

Overall

(n=600)

Sinovac (n=

300)

Pfizer (n=

300)

Median

age

15.34/2.55 15.78/5.26 14.90/4.96 19.82

Median

BMI

24.72/4.12 27.72/9.24 21.72/7.24 75.70

*Man-Whitney test, #

Kruskal

Wallis test

It can be seen in the table above that there is no

significant difference between age and BMI. The

median total agent can be seen at 2.55%, and the

median Bis MI is 2.12%. For Sinovac median age

5.26%, Sinovac median BMI 9.24%. for Pfizer's

median age of 4.96%, and Pfizer median BMI of

GENDER

Male Female

Female

56%

Mal

EXPOSED to COVID-19

Pfizer

43%

Sinovac

57%

Sinovac Pfizer

TREA

Light Weigh

(

Self-isolation

)

Currently

(Hospital/Non

ICU) 0%

Heavy

(Hospital/ICU

Neve

ose

ht Wei

(

Self-isolation

)

Never

Expose

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

252

7.24% the P.Value value was significant (<0.005)

while in the media age (1.982) and median BMI

(75.70) there was no correlation between age and

BMI.

Table 4: Correlation between vaccine type and dose of

vaccine side effect.

Variable Frequency/Percentage (%) P-Value

Sinovac =

300

Pfizer n = 300

Side Effects of

Fever After The

1st Vaccination

124/41.3 135/45 0.365

Pain inThe

1st

Vaccination

Injection Area

152/50.6 180/60 0.027

Side Effects of

Coughing After

The 1st

Vaccination

22/7.33 28/9.33 0.460

Experienced

Diarrhea After

The 1st

Vaccination

12/4 19/6.33 0.268

Feel Sleepy

After The 1st

Vaccination

132/44 115/38.3 0.184

*Fisher test, #Chi-square

It can be seen in the table above that the only

significant data was pain in the injection area due to

its p. value (0.027) while the others were not

significant for fever (0.365), cough (0.460), diarrhea

(0.26,8), and drowsiness (0.184).

Table 5: Correlation between vaccine type and dose of

vaccine side effects 2.

Variable

Frequency/perce

ntage

(%)

P-

Value

Sinovac

n=300

Pfizer

n=300

Side Effects of

Fever After

The 2nd

Vaccination

110/36.

150/50 0.001

Side Effects of

Coughing After

The 2nd

Vaccination

19/6.33 33/11 0.058

Feeling Dizzy

After The 2nd

Vaccination

65/21.6 74/24.6 0.439

Feel Sleepy After

The 2nd

Vaccination

105/35 83/27.6 0.064

Feel Pain in The

Upper Arm After

The 2

Vaccination

85/28.3 69/23 0.161

*Fisher test, #Chi-square

It can be seen in the table above that the significant

data is only fever (0.001), and the no significant is

cough (0.058), dizziness (0.439), drowsiness (0.064),

Pain in the Upper Arm (0.161).

In table 6 there is no significant data value of

p>0.005 at the efficacy of dose 1, it can be seen that

there is no correlation between the type of vaccine

and the efficacy of the dose 1 vaccine.

Table 6: Correlation between vaccine type and vaccine efficacy dose 1.

Variable

Frequency/ percentage (%)

P-Value

Sinovac

n = 300

Pfizer

n = 300

Loss of Loss and Taste

After The 1st

Vaccination

3/1 0 0.249

Experienced Cough and

Sore Throat After The

1st Vaccination

3/1 0 0.249

Having Head Pain After

The 1st Vaccination

3/1 0 0.249

*Fisher test, #Chi-square test

Evaluation of the Full Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Adolescent

253

Table 7: Correlation between vaccine type and vaccine efficacy dose 2.

Variable

Frequency/ percentage (%)

P-Value

Sinovac n = 300 Pfizer

n = 300

Loss of Loss and Taste After The 2nd

Vaccination

3/1 0.249

Experienced Breathing Difficulty After The

2nd Vaccination

3/1 0.249

Experienced Cough and Sore Throat After

The 2n

Vaccination

3/1 0.249

Experienced Fever After The 2nd Vaccinatio

3/1 0.249

Having Head Pain After The 2nd Vaccination

2/0.66 0.499

*Fisher test, #Chi-square test

In the table above there is no

significant data on the efficacy of

dose 2.

Table 8: Correlation between age and vaccine side effects after 6 months.

Variable Frequency/ percentage (%) P. Value

Age Mean

n= 600 15.34

Have Been Exposed to COVID-19 4-

6 Months Afte

Vaccination

1/0.16 0.250

Feel Easy Fatigue 4-6 Months After

Vaccination

1/0.16 0.250

*Man-Whitney test, #Kruskal Wallis test

From the results of the Man-Whitney test regarding

age and side effects for 6 months, the percentage

value for being exposed to COVID-19 4-6 months

after the vaccine was 0.16%, and for easy fatigue, 4-

6 months after vaccination was 0.16% with a P-value

0.250

Table 9: Correlation between body mass index (BMI) and vaccine side effects after 6 months.

Variable

Frequency/Percentage (%)

P.Value

Gender mean

n = 600 24.72

Have Been Exposed to COVID-19 4-6

Months After Vaccination

1/0.16 0.452

Feel Easy Fatigue 4-6 Months After

Vaccination

1/0.16 0.452

*Man-Whitney test, #Kruskal Wallis test

From the results of the Mann-Whitney test regarding

BMI and side effects for 6 months, the p-value of

0.452 is not significant. With a presentation on

exposure to COVID-19 0.16% and easily tired 4-6

months presentation 0.16%.

4 DISCUSSION

This study evaluates exposure to COVID-19 by

Sinovac and Pfizer vaccination participants to

adolescents. The Sinovac vaccine uses dead virus

particles to induce antibody production(Halim, 2021).

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

254

Whereas Pfizer has utilized lipid nanoparticles

(LNPs) with a formulated mRNA vaccine(Sutardi &

Ramatillah, 2022). This study involved 600

participants from 300 Sinovac vaccines and 300

Pfizer vaccines in this study there were 56% female

participants and 44% male participants can be seen in

(figure 2). According to an article, two injections of

the Sinovac coronavac vaccine provide 94%

effectiveness for preventing Covid-19(Kezia &

Ramatillah, 2022). According to research by Klein SL

et al, women are often less likely to receive the

vaccine, but this comparison differs from that of

Indonesian adolescents who receive the

vaccine(Hoffmann et al., 2020). Women after being

vaccinated develop a higher and longer-lasting

protective antibody response, compared to men

However, they experience more frequent and intense

side effects than men(Hoffmann et al., 2020).

The chi-square test in table 1 can be seen that there

is no significant type of vaccine and comorbidity. The

p-value of 0.414 for participants WHO have asthma

is.

Control Center and Disease Prevention China

reported

that cardiovascular disease, hypertension,

diabetes, respiratory disease, and cancer are

associated with an increased risk of death(Ramatillah

& Isnaini, 2021). According to research, the

relationship between asthma and obesity does not

depend on gender, age, and the severity of

asthma(Jay et al., 2012).

One hypothesis of the

possible influence of asthma on

obesity is reduced

energy expenditure due to low levels of physical

activity in children with asthma(Jay et al., 2012).

Comorbidities besides demographic differences and

lifestyle changes are one of the most important

determinants that cause various disease

manifestations(Mitra et al., 2020). The association of

body mass index (BMI) from adolescence to

adulthood with obesity-related diseases in young

adults has not been fully delineated(Tirosh et al.,

2011). Disease in neonates, infants, and children has

also been reported to be significantly milder than in

their adult counterparts(Singhal, 2020). An increase

in BMI in childhood and adolescence may be closely

related to a higher incidence of coronary heart disease

and type 2 diabetes mellitus in young

adults(Nogueira-de-Almeida et al., 2020). Efforts

prevent the spread of COVID-19 will result in more

weight gain and a higher BMI, leading to growth

differences from conventional seasonal variations in

children(Han et al., 2021).

The percentage of respondents exposed to COVID-

was more exposed 57% of Sinovac vaccine

recipients than 43% of Pfizer vaccine recipients

(figure 3). According to research, There is no evidence

from this national survey data that men are more

likely to be affected than women(Ramatillah et al.,

2022). Initial S-Ab and N-Ab antibody responses to

the mRNA vaccine (Pfizer) were significantly higher

than those elicited by the inactivated virus vaccine

(Sinovac)(Lau et al., 2022). According to the severity

of symptoms, patients can be classified as light,

heavy, and critical types(He et al., 2020). In the

severity of the study, 99% never had exposure to

COVID-19, and 1% There were mild symptoms (self-

isolation) and moderate symptoms (Hospital/Non-

ICU) and severe (Hospital/ICU) 0% (figure 4). Based

on evidence that efficacy and immunogenicity are as

high as (or higher than) in older individuals with rare

serious side effects(Held et al., 2021). Judging from

the results of the study in table 2 there is a correlation

between vaccine type and exposure to COVID-19

which has a p value>0, 005 which means that there is

no significant difference between the type of vaccine

and exposure to COVID-19. Observational studies

show that vaccination is associated with reduced

COVID-19- related hospitalizations, intensive care

unit admissions, and mortality in adolescents(Held et

al., 2021).

As shown in Table 2. Gender and age showed a p-

value > 0.005, which means that gender and age were

not correlated with vaccine side effects. The lack of

age-related changes in the sex-differential effects of

vaccines suggests that genetic or other factors may be

involved(Ciarambino et al., 2021). Gender is

considered in clinical trials for Covid-19 vaccine

development to include analysis of efficacy, vaccine

response, and adverse reactions(Ciarambino et al.,

2021). Finally, we found that gender influenced

vaccine acceptance, with adolescent boys showing a

higher desire to be vaccinated. Previous studies on

gender and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine are

inconclusive As summarized by Bono et al., several

studies support lower vaccination willingness by

women, possibly due to their higher fear of side

effects(Humer et al., 2021).

Based on Tables 3&4 it can be seen that there is a

significant correlation in injection site pain where the

presentation rate of Pfizer is greater than Sinovac.

Pfizer 60% and Sinovac 50.6% different from the

second vaccine, a significant correlation occurs in

fever, the second dose of the Pfizer vaccine has higher

side effects than Sinovac. As can be seen in table 5

the presentation value of Pfizer is 50% and Sinovac

36.6%. For vaccine 1 side effects, fever, cough,

diarrhea, and drowsiness are not correlated with side

effects, p-value >0.005, while for side effects of

vaccine 2 coughs, dizziness, and drowsiness were not

correlated with side effects, p-value >0.005.

Evaluation of the Full Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Adolescent

255

According to Riad, A., et al. Side effects tend to be

more pronounced with the second dose, especially for

those who receive the PfizerBioNTech vaccine.

Health workers in Turkey report that younger women

and individuals are more likely to report vaccine-

related side effects(Elnaem et al., 2021). Reported

side effects include fever, sore throat, myalgia, eye

muscle pain, loss of smell or taste, shortness of

breath, headache, numbness, palpitations, and

gastrointestinal symptoms. Women report more side

effects than men. This type of side effect after

receiving the vaccine was common and consistent

with other studies that found myalgia, headache,

gastrointestinal symptoms, and fever among the

frequently reported side effects(Alghamdi et al.,

2021). Side effects are

more common after the full

vaccination dose. mRNA-

1273 vaccine, and in

participants with younger age,

female gender,

previous COVID-19, Asian race, early

pregnancy, and

marijuana use. Older age, black or

African American

race, social status higher subjective

well-being, asthma,

and anemia were associated with a lower likelihood of

reporting side(Beatty et al., 2021). Mild severity

ofside effects (AE), both local and systemic, with a

frequency of and lower severity in the older group

(>65 years old) (Oyebanji et al., 2021)

5 CONCLUSIONS

This study found that for side effects there was a

significant correlation where Pfizer had higher side

effects than Sinovac, the side effects that occurred

with these two vaccines were a pain in the vaccination

area and fever. No significant side effects were found

with either of these two vaccines. The variable that

affects side effects and efficacy is the type of vaccine.

REFERENCES

Alghamdi, A., Ibrahim, A., Almutairi, R., Joseph, M.,

Alghamdi, G., & Alhamza, A. (2021). A cross-sectional

survey of side effects after COVID-19 vaccination in

Saudi Arabia: male versus female outcomes. Journal of

Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research, 11(2),

51–56. https://doi.org/10.51847/BCWCA2QGFP

Arnanda, N., & Ramatillah, D. L. (2022). Systematic

Review: Evaluation of Cytokine Storm Treatment From

Covid 19 Patient Base on Clinical Trial. International

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 14(Special Issue 2),

5–9. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2022.v14s2.44739

Beatty, A. L., Peyser, N. D., Butcher, X. E., Cocohoba, J.

M., Lin, F., Olgin, J. E., Mark, J., & Marcus, G. M.

(2021). Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Types and Side

Effects After Vaccination. 4(December), 1–13.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40364(

reprinted)22

Ciarambino, T., Barbagelata, E., Corbi, G., Ambrosino, I.,

Politi, C., Lavalle, F., Ruggieri, A., & Moretti, A. M.

(2021). Gender differences in vaccine therapy: where

are we in Covid-19 pandemic? Monaldi Archives for

Chest Disease, 91(4), 2–4.

https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2021.1669

Darwis, I., Rukmi, R., & Perdani, W. (n.d.). Increased

Knowledge of Health Workers Regarding Corona

Disease Virus Disease ( COVID ) 19 in Adult Patients.

126–130.

Elnaem, M. H., Mohd Taufek, N. H., Ab Rahman, N. S.,

Mohd Nazar, N. I., Zin, C. S., Nuffer, W., & Turner, C.

J. (2021). Covid-19 vaccination attitudes, perceptions,

and side effect experiences in malaysia: Do age, gender,

and vaccine type matter? Vaccines, 9(10), 1–15.

https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101156

Gee, S., Gaughran, F., MacCabe, J., Shergill, S., Whiskey,

E., & Taylor, D. (2020). Management of clozapine

treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic

Advances in Psychopharmacology, 10(2),

204512532092816.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125320928167

Halim, M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy and

Safety Literature Review. Journal of Immunology and

Allergy, 3(February). https://doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-

2582-4333-3(1)-058

Han, J. A., Chung, Y. E., Chung, I. H., Hong, Y. H., &

Chung, S. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

on seasonal variations in childhood and adolescent

growth: Experience of pediatric endocrine clinics.

Children, 8(5).

https://doi.org/10.3390/children8050404

He, F., Deng, Y., & Li, W. (2020). Coronavirus disease

2019: What we know? Journal of Medical Virology,

92(7), 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25766

Held, J., Esse, J., Tascilar, K., Steininger, P., Schober, K.,

Irrgang, P., Alsalameh, R., Tenbusch, M., Seggewies,

C., & Bogdan, C. (2021). Reactogenicity correlates

only weakly with humoral immunogenicity after

COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA

(Comirnaty®). Vaccines, 9(10), 1–12.

https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101063

Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Krueger, N., Mueller, M.

A., Drosten, C., & Poehlmann, S. (2020). The novel

coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-

coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease

TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells. BioRxiv, 2019,

2020.01.31.929042.

https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042

Humer, E., Jesser, A., Plener, P. L., Probst, T., & Pieh, C.

(2021). Education level and COVID-19 vaccination

willingness in adolescents. European Child and

Adolescent Psychiatry, 0123456789, 19–21.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01878-4

Jay, M., Wijetunga, N. A., Stepney, C., Dorsey, K., Chua,

D. M., & Bruzzese, J. M. (2012). The relationship

between asthma and obesity in urban early adolescents.

ISCP UTA’45 Jakarta 2022 - International Seminar and Call for Paper Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta

256

Pediatric, Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology,

25(3), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1089/ped.2012.0145

Kezia, V., & Ramatillah, D. L. (2022). Intensive

Monitroing of Sinovac Vaccine for Safety and Efficacy

Among Indonesian Population. International Journal

of Applied Pharmaceutics, 14(Special issue 2), 44–48.

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2022.v14s2.44748

Lau, C. S., Oh, M. L. H., Phua, S. K., Liang, Y. L., Li, Y.,

Huo, J., Huang, Y., Zhang, B., Xu, S., & Aw, T. C.

(2022). Kinetics of the Neutralizing and Spike SARS-

CoV-2 Antibodies following the Sinovac Inactivated

Virus Vaccine Compared to the Pfizer mRNA Vaccine

in Singapore. Antibodies, 11(2), 38.

https://doi.org/10.3390/antib11020038

Mitra, P., Suri, S., Goyal, T., Misra, R., Singh, K., Garg, M.

K., Misra, S., & Sharma, P. (2020). Association of

Comorbidities with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A

Review. Annals of the National Academy of Medical

Sciences (India), 56(02), 102–111.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714159

Nogueira-de-Almeida, C. A., Del Ciampo, L. A., Ferraz, I.

S., Del Ciampo, I. R. L., Contini, A. A., & Ued, F. da

V. (2020). COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and

adolescence: a clinical review. Jornal de Pediatria,

96(5), 546–558.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.001

Oyebanji, O. A., Wilson, B., Keresztesy, D., Carias, L.,

Wilk, D., Payne, M., Aung, H., Denis, K. S., Lam, E.

C., Rowley, C. F., Berry, S. D., Cameron, C. M.,

Cameron, M. J., Schmader, K. E., Balazs, A. B., King,

C. L., Canaday, D. H., & Gravenstein, S. (2021). Does

a lack of vaccine side effects correlate with reduced

BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response among healthcare

workers and nursing home residents? Aging Clinical

and Experimental Research, 33(11), 3151–3160.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01987-9

Ramatillah, D. L., Azhar, S., Sulaiman, S., & Khan, A. H.

(2019). Original Article Quality of Life among Patients

Undergoing Haemodialysis in Jakarta , Indonesia

Patients During the Period of Observation Based.

19(2), 29–37.

Ramatillah, D. L., Gan, S. H., Pratiwy, I., Sulaiman, S. A.

S., Jaber, A. A. S., Jusnita, N., Lukas, S., & Bakar, U.

A. (2022). Impact of cytokine storm on severity of

COVID-19 disease in a private hospital in West Jakarta

prior to vaccination. PLoS ONE, 17(1 1), 1–14.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262438

Ramatillah, D. L., Gan, S. H., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Puja, D.,

Abubakar, U., Jaber, A. A. S., Lukas, S., & Jusnita, N.

(2021). Evaluation of treatment outcome for pneumonia

among pre-vaccinated covid-19 patients with/without

comorbidity in a public hospital in Bengkulu,

Indonesia. Vaccines, 9(12), 1–9.

https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121411

Ramatillah, D. L., & Isnaini, S. (2021). Treatment profiles

and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients at private

hospital in Jakarta. PLoS ONE, 16

(4 April), 1–11.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250147

Singhal, T. (2020). A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019

(COVID-19). Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(4), 281–

286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6

Sutardi, A. Q. I., & Ramatillah, D. L. (2022). Evaluation

Comparison Between Sinovac and Pfizer Vaccine

Among Indonesian Children and Teenager Under 18

Years Old. International Journal of Applied

Pharmaceutics, 14(Special issue 2), 22–30.

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2022.v14s2.44745

Tirosh, A., Shai, I., Afek, A., Dubnov-Raz, G., Ayalon, N.,

Gordon, B., Derazne, E., Tzur, D., Shamis, A., Vinker,

S., & Rudich, A. (2011). Adolescent BMI Trajectory

and Risk of Diabetes Versus Coronary Disease. Survey

of Anesthesiology, 55(6), 296–297.

https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sa.0000407026.86152.a1

Who Sage Roadmap for Prioritizing Use of COVID-19

Vaccines. (2022). January.

Evaluation of the Full Dosage Sinovac and Pﬁzer COVID-19 Vaccination into Adolescent

257