Development of Pilose Antler Compound Health Tea
Bing Yu
1,2,3
, Fengqin He
1,2,3
and Bo Wang
1,2,3
1
College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China
2
Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710065, China
3
Xi’an Key Laboratory of Natural Product Development and Anticancer Innovative Drug Research in Qinling Mountains,
Xi’an 710065, China
Keywords:
Pilose Antler, Compound, Anti-Aging, Health Tea, Development.
Abstract:
Pilose antler has a good anti-aging effect, but the traditional way of taking brings bad feelings and inactivation
of active ingredient, in this paper, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Eucommia ulmoides,
Lycium barbarum, Poria coxburghii, Liquorice, Jujube, Tangerine peel, Coreopsis tinctoria. All these herbs
and pilose antler are combined into three formulas, and then ,through single factor test and orthogonal test
based on sensory evaluation, these three formulas were optimized, and finally three formula of pilose antler
compound anti-aging health care tea were obtained. The optimal formula 1 is: Pilose antler 0.55g, Astragalus
membranaceus 0.65g, Lycium barbarum 0.75g, Jujube 0.95g, Tangerine peel 0.85g, Coreopsis tinctoria1.05g.
The optimal formula 2 is: Pilose antler 0.55g, Codonopsis pilosula 0.75g, Poria cocos 0.35g, Lycium chinense
0.85g, Glycyrrhiza 0.25g, Coreopsis tinctoria 0.45g. The optimal formula 3 is: Pilose antler 1.05g,
Polygonatum 0.95g, Eucommia ulmoides 0.95g, lycium chinense 0.95g, Glycyrrhiza 0.85g, Coreopsis
tinctoria 0.85g.
1 INTRODUCTION
Because of the problem of aging population becomes
more and more serious , anti-aging health care has a
great demand, but there is still a lack of widely
accepted products at present . Traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM) theory holds that TCM is good at
correcting the disorder between Yin and Yang,
helping physical health, prolonging life (Wang, 2017;
Xiang, 2019; Yu, 2019), it is very suitable for anti-
aging health care. Pilose antler is the young horn of
Sika deer in the growth stage, and its active
substances include proteins, peptides,
polysaccharide, lipids, bioamines, steroids and
nucleosides, etc. Studies have proved that long-term
consumption of pilose antler has reliable anti-aging
effects (Ding, 1994; Zong, 2013; Liu, 2016).
However, pilose antler has a strong fishy taste when
eaten directly, and its protein, polypeptide and other
active components will be destroyed when stewed at
high temperature or soaked in alcohol. In recent
years, with the advantages of adjustable taste and easy
to take, tea bag has been widely used in health care
products, Therefore, Research and development of a
kind of pilose antler compound health tea bag, which
is effective and good taste, is a good solution to the
above problems of pilose antler consumption (Zhang,
2017). Modern aging theory believes that aging is the
result of multiple mechanisms acting on the body
(Yu, 2019). Therefore, A compound of pilose antler
with other herbs may have a better anti-aging effect,
and it can also be easily flavored and reduced in cost.
Considering that this anti-aging tea should be widely
applicable to people of different genders, ages and
constitutions, the compound must be mild
temperament and good taste. Therefore, the herbs we
selected should be limited to the catalog of medicinal
and food homology, and it is also necessary to add
some herbs to regulate the medicine nature and
Season the taste. Based on the above principles, we
selected the following herbs: Astragalus
membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Eucommia
ulmoides, Lycium barbarum, Polygonatum, Poria
coxburghii, Liquorice, Jujube, Tangerine peel,
Coreopsis tinctoria (Huang, 2016; Xue, 2017; Zheng,
2019). According to the characteristics of these herbs,
we combined these herbs and pilose antler to form
three initial formulas. formula 1: Pilose antler,
Astragalus membranaceus, Lycium chinense, Jujube,
Tangerine peel, Coreopsis tinctoria; formula 2: Pilose
50
Yu, B., He, F. and Wang, B.
Development of Pilose Antler Compound Health Tea.
DOI: 10.5220/0012012900003633
In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ICBB 2022), pages 50-56
ISBN: 978-989-758-637-8
Copyright
c
2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
antler, Codonopsis pilosula, Poria cocos, Lycium
chinense, Glycyrrhiza, Coreopsis tinctoria; formula 3:
Pilose antler, Polygonatum, Eucommia ulmoides,
Lycium chinense, Glycyrrhiza, Coreopsis tinctoria. In
order to achieve the best taste for each formula, we
optimize it by single factor test and orthogonal test
which is based on sensory evaluation.
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Material
2.1.1 TCM Materials
Pilose antler (Lot. 20190902, Tongchuan Luyuan
Industrial Co., LTD.); Astragalus membranaceus,
Codonopsis pilosula, Eucommia ulmoides, Lycium
barbarum, Polygonatum, Poria coxburghii, Liquorice,
Jujube, Tangerine peel, (Lot.20190825, Xi 'an
Common People Big Pharmacy East Hansen Road
Store); Coreopsis tinctoria (Lot. 20190911, Xinjiang
Baicaotang Pharmacy South Xinhua Road Store).
2.1.2 Instrument
Yhg-400-s Far-infrared Constant Temperature Quick
Drying Oven, Shanghai Yuejin Medical Instrument
Co., LTD; FW100 High-speed Universal Crusher,
Tianjin Tester Instrument Co., LTD; CP413
Electronic Balance, Ohaus Instrument; Corn Fiber tea
bag, Zhejiang Ruikang Daily Necessities Co., LTD.
3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
3.1 Processing of Medicinal Materials
The slices of fresh pilose antler and other herbs were
placed in a constant temperature drying oven at 45℃
for 8h, and then the pilose antler was crushed to 120
mesh by a grinder, and the powder of other CMT was
crushed to 80 mesh.
3.2 Formulation Optimization
3.2.1 Single Factor Test
Single factor test can help us determine the
reasonable range of each ingredient in the formula
(Li, 2015; Kang, 2005). According to the weight of
each bag is 3g, we carried out a single factor test
program with 6 factors and 5 levels (see table 1).
Table 1: Single factor test scheme.
numbe
r
A B C D E F
1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
4 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
5 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
6 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
9 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
10 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
11 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5
12 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
13 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5
14 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.5
15 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
16 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5
17 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
18 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5
19 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.5
20 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.5 0.5
21 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5
22 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
23 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5
24 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5
25 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.5
Development of Pilose Antler Compound Health Tea
51
26 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2
27 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
28 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8
29 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1
30 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.4
Eighteen middle-aged and elderly people with
rich tea drinking experience were invited to be
judges. The tea bags were brewed for 3 minutes in
200 ml of 100 ° C water and then tasted and scored
by the judges according to the scoring criteria in
Table 2.
Table 2: Sensory evaluation criteria of Pilose antler Compound health tea
Indicator Scale rule Score
Soup color
Tea sou
p
is red but not black, or a thicker
g
olden
y
ellow, bri
g
ht color; 10~15
Tea sou
p
color dark red or li
g
ht
y
ellow; 5~10
Tea soup color black red or nearly colorless; 0~5
Clarify
The tea soup was clear and transparent, and there was no precipitation after
standing for 10min;
7~10
Tea soup was slightly turbid, and a small amount of precipitation was
precipitated after standing for 10min；
4~6
The tea soup was turbid, and there was obvious precipitation after standing for
10min;
0~3
Smell
Pleasant aroma, sell not too weak or too stron
g
, no smell of TCM; 10~15
Aroma is too weak or too strong, with a little smell of TCM; 6~10
There is no aroma or there is unpleasant smell of TCM; 0~5
Taste
The taste is harmonious and
p
leasant, lon
g
aftertaste, without TCM; 40~60
The taste is not coordinated, the taste is weak or strong, with a little test of
TCM;
20~40
Uncoordinated taste, unpleasant, or strong taste of TCM; 0~20
3.2.2 Orthogonal Test
Based on the results of single factor tests, an
orthogonal test with six factors and three levels could
be designed. Tea preparation, bagging and labeling
were carried out in accordance with the orthogonal
test table. The evaluation was still carried out in
accordance with the table 2, and the obtained scores
were statistically processed to obtain the optimal
formula
[11,12]
.
4 TEST RESULTS AND
DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Single Factor Test
According to the results of single factor test, we
obtained the reasonable range of each component of
the three initial formulas, Shown in table 3.
Table 3: Appropriate ranges of each ingredient in formula 1-3
A B C D E F
Formula 1
Pilose
antle
r
Astragalus
membranaceus
Lycium
chinense
jujube Tangerine peel
Coreopsis
tinctoria.
0.55-0.75 0.55-0.75 0.55-0.75 0.85-1.05 0.85-1.05 0.85-1.05
Formula 2
Pilose
antle
r
Codonopsis
ilosula
Poria cocos
Lycium
chinense
Glycyrrhiza
Coreopsis
tinctoria
0.55-0.75 0.55-0.75 0.25-0.45 0.85-1.05 0.25-0.45 0.25-0.45
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52
Formula 3
Pilose
antle
r
Polygonatum
Eucommia
ulmoides
Lycium
chinense
Glycyrrhiza
Coreopsis
tinctoria
0.85-1.05 0.85-1.05 0.85-1.05 0.85-1.05 0.85-1.05 0.85-1.05
4.2 Orthogonal Test
Table 4-6 shows the level design of orthogonal
optimization test factors for formula 1-3.
Table 4: Orthogonal test factors and horizontal design of formula 1.
Level Pilose antler
Astragalus
membranaceus
Lycium
chinense
Jujube
Tangerine
p
eel
Coreopsis
tinctoria.
1 0.55g 0.55g 0.55g 0.85g 0.85g 0.85g
2 0.65g 0.65g 0.65g 0.95g 0.95g 0.95g
3 0.75g 0.75g 0.75g 1.05g 1.05g 1.05g
Table 5: Orthogonal test factors and horizontal design of formula 2.
Level Pilose antler
Codonopsis
ilosula
Poria cocos
Lycium
chinense
Glycyrrhiza
Coreopsis
tinctoria
1 0.55g 0.55g 0.25g 0.85g 0.25g 0.25g
2 0.65g 0.65g 0.35g 0.95g 0.35g 0.35g
3 0.75g 0.75g 0.45g 1.05g 0.45g 0.45g
Table 6: Orthogonal test factors and horizontal design of formula 3.
Level Pilose antler Polygonatum
Eucommia
ulmoides
Lycium
chinense
Glycyrrhiza
Coreopsis
tinctoria
1 0.85g 0.85g 0.85g 0.85g 0.85g 0.85g
2 0.95g 0.95g 0.95g 0.95g 0.95g 0.95g
3 1.05g 1.05g 1.05g 1.05g 1.05g 1.05g
The orthogonal test was designed according to
L18(36) orthogonal table, The results were shown in
Table 7-9.
Table 7: Orthogonal test results of formula 1.
Numbe
r
Pilose
antler
Astragalus
membranaceus
Lycium
chinense
Jujube
Tangerine
peel
Coreopsis
tinctoria
Comprehensive
score
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 80.85417
2 1 1 2 2 3 3 86.18753
3 1 2 1 3 3 2 83.90899
4 1 2 3 1 2 3 84.25475
5 1 3 2 3 2 1 85.36488
6 1 3 3 2 1 3 83.04167
7 2 1 1 3 2 3 80.64583
8 2 1 3 1 3 2 86.41667
9 2 2 2 2 2 2 84.10417
10 2 2 3 3 1 1 79.72910
11 2 3 1 2 3 1 80.18753
Development of Pilose Antler Compound Health Tea
53
12 2 3 2 1 1 3 78.47917
13 3 1 2 3 1 2 83.02083
14 3 1 3 2 2 1 79.06258
15 3 2 1 2 1 3 78.41667
16 3 2 2 1 3 1 84.10414
17 3 3 1 1 2 2 80.64583
18 3 3 3 3 3 3 78.47917
k1 82.339 82.101 81.41 80.379 82.076 81.934
k2 82.123 82.917 81.969 82.976 81.969 81.444
k3 81.556 81.072 82.711 82.735 82.004 82.711
R 0.841 1.845 1.301 2.597 0.107 1.267
From Table 7, the importance of factors affecting
sensory evaluation of formula 1 is as follows:
Jujube >Astragalus membranaceus > Lycium
chinense > Coreopsis tinctoria > Pilose antler >
Tangerine peel. The optimal formula 1 is: Pilose
antler 0.55g, Astragalus membranaceus 0.65g,
Lycium barbarum 0.75g, Jujube 0.95g, Tangerine
peel 0.85g, Coreopsis tinctoria1.05g.
Table 8: Orthogonal test results of formula 2.
Number
Pilose
antle
r
Codonopsi
s
ilosula
Poria cocos
Lycium
chinense
Glycyrrhiz
a
Coreopsis
tinctoria
Comprehensiv
e score
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 87.9375
2 1 1 2 2 3 3 84.75367
3 1 2 1 3 3 2 86.14583
4 1 2 3 1 2 3 86.81251
5 1 3 2 3 2 1 85.64583
6 1 3 3 2 1 3 86.64538
7 2 1 1 3 2 3 89.75486
8 2 1 3 1 3 2 84.27083
9 2 2 2 2 2 2 85.83333
10 2 2 3 3 1 1 80.54167
11 2 3 1 2 3 1 84.77083
12 2 3 2 1 1 3 87.10417
13 3 1 2 3 1 2 84.85412
14 3 1 3 2 2 1 81.10414
15 3 2 1 2 1 3 80.37560
16 3 2 2 1 3 1 87.10419
17 3 3 1 1 2 2 80.54167
18 3 3 3 3 3 3 85.83333
k1 85.208 85.167 84.378 86.007 85.226 84.788
k2 84.240 83.514 86.323 84.069 84.146 83.767
k3 84.556 85.323 83.362 83.927 84.632 85.448
R 0.968 1.809 3.021 2.088 1.083 1.681
From Table 8, the importance of factors affecting
sensory evaluation of formula 2 is as follows: Poria
cocos> Lycium chinense> Codonopsis
pilosula>Coreopsis tinctoria > Glycyrrhiza > Pilose
antler. The optimal formula 2 is: Pilose antler 0.55g,
Codonopsis pilosula 0.75g, Poria cocos 0.35g,
Lycium chinense 0.85g, Glycyrrhiza 0.25g,
Coreopsis tinctoria 0.45g.
ICBB 2022 - International Conference on Biotechnology and Biomedicine
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Table 9: Orthogonal test results of formula 3.
Number
Pilose
antle
r
Polygonatum
Eucommia
ulmoides
Lycium
chinense
Glycyrrhiza
Coreopsis
tinctoria
Comprehen
sive score
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 80.29167
2 1 1 2 2 3 3 81.27038
3 1 2 1 3 3 2 81.20833
4 1 2 3 1 2 3 75.68735
5 1 3 2 3 2 1 81.33333
6 1 3 3 2 1 3 78.62568
7 2 1 1 3 2 3 83.31521
8 2 1 3 1 3 2 88.18557
9 2 2 2 2 2 2 78.04167
10 2 2 3 3 1 1 80.60417
11 2 3 1 2 3 1 83.43755
12 2 3 2 1 1 3 83.89583
13 3 1 2 3 1 2 81.43750
14 3 1 3 2 2 1 84.75564
15 3 2 1 2 1 3 84.04176
16 3 2 2 1 3 1 80.91667
17 3 3 1 1 2 2 84.75534
18 3 3 3 3 3 3 83.43753
k1 81.785 80.375 81.042 82.309 82.865 82.938
k2 80.979 83.955 82.448 82.333 80.632 82.101
k3 83.108 81.542 82.382 81.229 82.375 82.233
R 2.129 3.580 1.406 1.104 2.233 0.695
From Table 9, the importance of factors affecting
sensory evaluation of formula 3 is as follows:
Polygonatum > Glycyrrhiza > Pilose antler >
Eucommia ulmoides> Lycium chinense > Coreopsis
tinctoria. The optimal formula 3 is: Pilose antler
1.05g, Polygonatum 0.95g, Eucommia ulmoides
0.95g, Lycium chinense 0.95g, Glycyrrhiza 0.85g,
Coreopsis tinctoria 0.85g.
4.3 Discussions
Pilose antler is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine,
it is often used in tonic prescriptions. The effective
ingredients of Pilose antler include protein
polypeptide, amino acid, polysaccharide, biological
amine, steroid and lipid. Protein polypeptides are the
main active components of Pilose antler, Enzymes
and growth factors in protein polypeptides are the
main anti-aging components, Enzymes includ
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT),
Monoamine oxidase (MAO), All these tenzymes have
good anti-oxidation and anti-aging effects. Growth
factors, including insulin-like growth factor,
epidermal growth factor, etc., can enhance cell
function and promote tissue regeneration. The
polysaccharide in pilose antler include chondroitin
sulfate, acid mucopolysaccharides, neutral sugars,
galactosamine and so on, which often have
antioxidant effects. Antler polyamine can resist lipid
peroxidation and promote the synthesis of nucleic
acid and protein. The steroids in pilose antler include
estradiol, cholesterols, 5a-Male sterane-1,3-diketone,
and testosterone, which can compensate for the
decline in hormone levels associated with aging
[4-6]
.
Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula,
Eucommia ulmoides, Lycium barbarum, Poria
coxburghii, Liquorice, Jujube, Tangerine peel,
Coreopsis tinctoria, these herbs are rich in ketones,
phenols, polysaccharides which can effectively
remove free radicals, enhance the vitality of SOD,
and reduce the lipid peroxide
[8-10]
. Therefore, these
compounds can effectively anti-aging.
5 CONCLUSION
Based on the results and discussions presented above,
the conclusions are obtained as below:
(1) The optimal formula 1 is: Pilose antler
0.55g, Astragalus membranaceus 0.65g, Lycium
barbarum 0.75g, Jujube 0.95g, Tangerine peel 0.85g,
Coreopsis tinctoria1.05g. The optimal formula 2 is:
Pilose antler 0.55g, Codonopsis pilosula 0.75g, Poria
cocos 0.35g,Lycium chinense 0.85g, Glycyrrhiza
0.25g, Coreopsis tinctoria 0.45g.The optimal formula
3 is: Pilose antler 1.05g, Polygonatum 0.95g,
Eucommia ulmoides 0.95g, lycium chinense 0.95g,
Glycyrrhiza 0.85g,Coreopsis tinctoria 0.85g.
Development of Pilose Antler Compound Health Tea
55
(2) These three formulas of pilose antler
compound health care tea have the following
characteristics: soup was clear, red in color, mellow
and delicious in taste, with a slight aroma, without the
taste of Chinese medicine.
(3) We will conduct further studies on the anti-
aging efficacy of these three formulas in the future.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was financially supported by the Xi 'an
Science and Technology Planning Project
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