Community Perception on Waste Management with the 3R Method

and Its Impact on Health Quality at TPS Bumi Asri Selemadeg

Village: A Qualitative Study

Ni Luh Putu Dina Susanti

and Ni Nyoman Nuartini

Department of Magister of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Indonesia

Department of Bachelor of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali, Indonesia

Keywords: Public Perception, Waste, 3R, Health.

Abstract:

The Bali islands have problems with high waste production. As an effort to accelerate the handling of this

waste, the Tabanan Regency government has involved all sectors including the government at the village level

by establishing a waste processing site (TPS) in Selemadeg Village. However, not all people have utilized

this TPS optimally. This study intended to further explore this community's perception of the TPS and its

impact on health quality. This study used a qualitative design with an exploratory approach. Data were

collected through in-depth interviews with 10 related informants, analyzed thematically, and presented in

narrative form. This study found that all informants had the perception that waste was a very serious problem

and must be managed properly. This waste problem has a negative impact on environmental health, which

can directly reduce individuals’ and rural communities’ health quality. The role of the community as the main

waste producer is integral to waste management, otherwise known as the 3R (reuse, reduce and recycle). Most

of the informants strongly supported the existence of the TPS as a place for waste processing. All informants

in this study understood that the waste problem must be handled seriously because poorly managed waste can

cause health problems, both in environmental health and individual and community health. This study strongly

supports the TPS as a place for waste management, especially with the 3R method. The community has felt

the positive benefits of this TPS. The government is suggested to continue to facilitate the management of the

TPS to be more optimal.

1 INTRODUCTION

Bali is one of the islands that has a problem with high

waste production. In addition to the population

density and the use of tools and materials that are at

risk of producing waste, waste in Bali also comes

from the remains of traditional ceremonies that use

leaves, flowers, and fruit a lot. The composition of

waste in Bali shows a ratio of 70% organic waste and

30% inorganic waste. Most of the waste generated at

the household level amounts to 8,300 m3 per day. The

city district with the highest level of waste production

is Denpasar City with a total waste production of

4,620.3 m3 per day or 39.9% of the total waste

generated on the island of Bali. A further problem is

that 30% of the inorganic waste consists of residual

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building materials, paper, textiles, glass, metal,

plastic/rubber, and others that take years to

decompose, thus causing environmental pollution

(Gubernur Bali, 2018).

The central government and local governments

have not remained silent in an effort to overcome this

waste problem. Various efforts have been made such

as issuing several regulations and policies related to

environmental health. Important regulations issued

by the central government are Law Number 32 of

2009 on environmental protection and management

and Government Regulation number 66 of 2014

concerning environmental health, which further

discusses environmental management including

waste (Lembaga Negara RI, 2014) and (Presiden RI,

2009). Several other regulations related to

Susanti, N. and Nuartini, N.

Community Perception on Waste Management with the 3R Method and Its Impact on Health Quality at TPS Bumi Asri Selemadeg Village: A Qualitative Study.

DOI: 10.5220/0012023800003576

In Proceedings of the 2nd Bali Biennial International Conference on Health Sciences (Bali BICHS 2022), pages 109-115

ISBN: 978-989-758-625-5

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

109

environmental health are Regional Regulation

Number 1 of 2017 concerning environmental

protection and management and Regional Regulation

Number 5 of 2011 concerning waste management.

This regulates efforts to manage waste as optimally

as possible to protect the environment from pollution

(Gubernur Bali, 2011) and (Gubernur Bali, 2017).



Governor of Bali Regulation Number 16 of 2016

concerns environmental quality standards and

standard criteria for environmental damage. In

general, the contents of this regulation supports all

waste management efforts to create a clean and

healthy environment (Gubernur Bali, 2016).

It turns out that this waste problem was not only

experienced by the city of Denpasar as one of the big

cities in Bali. This was also experienced by all

districts in Bali, especially in the city of Tabanan. To

address this, the Tabanan city government issued

Regent's regulation number 12 of 2020 concerning

household waste processing. As an effort to

accelerate the handling of this waste, the Tabanan

Regency government involved all sectors, including

the government at the village level (Peraturan Bupati

(PERBUP), 2020). One of the participating villages is

Selemadeg Village. In this village, there is already a

waste processing site (TPS), namely TPS Bumi Asri.

This location was selected as the place of research

because it is one of the waste processing sites that

actively processes both organic and inorganic waste,

but the obstacle encountered in the field were that not

all people used this TPS to manage the waste they

produced. There were still some people who

processed their own waste by throwing it in the

garden, burning it, or hoarding it in the vacant land

behind their house. In fact, if processed, this waste

can still be reused, reduced, and recycled (3R) and

can be of economic value. In addition, improper

waste management can potentially affect the area’s

quality of health. This is the reason why this study

dove into the public's perception of waste processing

at TPS Bumi Asri and its impact on the quality of

public health in the village. The purpose of this study

was to find out more about the public's perception of

waste processing at TPS Bumi Asri and what impact

it has had on the quality of public health. This study

is important considering that waste is a health

problem that is quite difficult to handle and requires

cooperation from all parties, especially the

community as the main producer of waste meaning

that efforts to manage it must involve the community

in particular.

2 METHOD

This study used a qualitative descriptive method with

an explorative approach. Research was conducted for

two months from July to August 2022. The research

location was TPS Bumi Asri in Selemadeg Village.

The population in this study was the entire Selemadeg

Village community. The purposive sampling

approach was taken. The sample consisted of seven

main respondents and three supporting respondents.

The processing of research permits and ethical tests at

the ITEKES Bali ethics committee began with a

request for a cover letter from the Rector of ITEKES

Bali. A cover letter from ITEKES Bali for ethical

clearance and a research permit to the Head of

Selemadeg Village were obtained. The study was

carried out after the research permit and ethical

clearance were issued. Data collection was done

through in-depth interview guidelines for the seven

main respondents and three supporting respondents

by implementing COVID-19 prevention health

protocols. All research respondents were given an

explanation of the research process before the

interview and given informed consent forms to be

signed. Data processing and data analysis were done

using the colaizzi method (Creswell and Poth, 2018).

After that, categories were formed, grouped into sub-

themes and main themes. The data presentation stage

is in the form of sentence narration to allow accurate

descriptions of the data and analysis results.

3 RESEARCH RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION OVERVIEW OF

RESEARCH SETTING

The Selemadeg Village in Tabanan Regency is the

location of this study. This is one of the villages in

Tabanan Regency, which topographically is a flat

area with an altitude between 100-150 meters above

sea level. Selemadeg village is located quite far from

the center of the Bali provincial government. Its

distance to Selemadeg District is about 3 km, to the

capital of Tabanan Regency as far as 12 km, and to

the capital city province about 50 km. This village

was inhabited by more than 2,668 people and about

593 families. Selemadeg Village consists of one

service village and four traditional villages with seven

official banjars. Most of the population were farmers.

Before there was a waste processing site in this

village, people used to pile up their waste in gardens

and vacant land behind their houses. This waste was

not segregated, meaningorganic and inorganic waste

Bali BICHS 2022 - The Bali Biennial International Conference on Health Sciences

110

were mixed. This waste was scattered and difficult to

decompose. In 2019, the plan began to build a 3R

waste processing site (TPS) in Selemadeg Village that

was realized in 2021. This TPS has been running, but

still has many obstacles, especially in terms of the

availability of budget and tools for further waste

processing.

3.1 Informants’ Characteristics

The description of the characteristics of the main

informants and supporting informants in this study

include code, age, gender, education and occupation.

The number of informants studied were 10 people

consisting of seven community members, one

informant from the village party, one midwife in

charge of the Selemadeg Village Pustu, and one TPS

Bumi Asri officer.

Table 1: Main Informants of the Selemadeg Village and

TPS Bumi Asri Community’s Characteristics.

Code A

e Gende

Education Occu

ation

R001 65

Years

F Senior

High

School

Housewife

R002 31

Years

M Bachelor

ree

Teacher

R003 36

Years

M Bachelor

ree

Entrepreneur

R004 40

Years

M Senior

High

School

Entrepreneur

R005 60

Years

M Junior

High

School

Entrepreneur

R006 55

Years

M Bachelor

ree

Teacher

R007 40

Years

M Senior

High

School

Entrepreneur

Table 1. The data above shows that the main

informants in this study were over 30 years old with

a minimum educational background of junior high

school. This allowed the main informants to

understand the information that has been received,

especially about waste management with the 3R

method. In terms of education and work data, this

study attempted to explore information from all levels

of education and work as an effort to collect accurate

data and generalize it.

Table 2: Supporting Informants of the Selemadeg Village

and TPS Bumi Asri Community’s Characteristics.

Code Age Gende

Education Occupation

P001 46

Years

M Bachelor

Degree

Head Of

Selemadeg

Village

P002 59

Years

M Bachelor

ree

Staff of TPS

Bumi Asri

P003 46

Years

F Diploma

III

Midwife of

the villa

Table 2. This data shows that the supporting

informants had competence in accordance with the

research objectives. This enabled more accurate data

to be obtained when data triangulation was

performed.

3.2 Community Perception of Villages

on Waste Problems

All of the main informants considered the waste

problem in their village to be a very serious problem

that must be addressed immediately. If this is not

handled properly, it can lead to more serious

environmental and health problems. The following

are statements by the informants:

“This waste problem is a serious problem in our

village, Ma'am. Especially if there is a traditional

ceremony, which often produces a large amount of

waste; it is very difficult to find a place to dispose of

it. It is very difficult to handle daily waste. Indeed,

many residents have moors. Most of this waste is

piled up in the moors, and if there is time, some of it

is burned. Waste that does not decompose, especially

plastic waste, will be scattered and even pollute the

environment and soil. Especially, when residents start

burning their waste, air pollution will appear, Ma'am.

Like me, personally, I still have a baby; often I am

confused about how to throw away my baby's used

diapers. Waste in the moor is often eaten and carried

everywhere by dogs. I believe this is also a problem

for most of the people in our village.” (R002, R005)

“Currently, this waste problem is still very

difficult to solve in many villages, including in my

village. People still produce a lot of plastic waste and

also waste from household activities. Most of this

waste is still dumped in the moor, and some is also

dumped into the river. That's why the environment

becomes dirty, and water and soil pollution can also

occur. Actually, this is a very important issue to be

addressed.” (R004)

“Before we had this TPS, people usually dumped

their waste into the moor and around their homes.

Because most people have a moor, they do not throw

Community Perception on Waste Management with the 3R Method and Its Impact on Health Quality at TPS Bumi Asri Selemadeg Village:

A Qualitative Study

111

waste into other people's fields. Even so, the waste in

this moor is just piled up, not sorted and not

processed; most often it is burned, but this can cause

environmental pollution.” (R001)

The main informants’ statements were also

supported by the supporting informants below:

“This waste problem is a very complicated

national issue to be solved. This is not only faced by

urban communities, but also people in rural areas.

The more the population, the more waste production.

This results in fewer landfills. Moreover, we are

aware that people's behavior towards waste

management is still not good. Many do not realize

that this waste can pollute the environment, directly

or indirectly affecting the quality of our health.

Especially in this Selemadeg village, before the

establishment of the 3R TPS, this waste problem

really became a serious problem because of the large

amount of waste produced, especially during

religious ceremonies.” (P001, P002)

“Before the existence of this TPS, the waste

problem in this village was very complicated, Ma'am.

There is a lot of waste production, but there is no

special processing. Many people burn and litter in

gardens or fields near their homes. In my opinion, this

does not solve the problem, but creates a new problem

because the waste is only moved but not processed.

The thing that is more visible is when the waste

sorting has not been maintained. Ma'am, when there

is a religious ceremony, a lot of waste is generated.

Wet waste from food, leaves and flowers left over

from the ceremony are mixed together with plastic

waste.” (P003)

Health includes physical and mental health, which

can be influenced by several factors such as

environmental hygiene factors (Presiden RI, 2009a).

Environmental cleanliness is greatly influenced by

the presence or absence of waste in the environment.

Law number 18 of 2008 states that waste is the

remains of human daily activities and/or natural

processes in solid form. Waste can be divided into

organic and inorganic waste. Organic waste is waste

that can easily be decomposed in the environment.

Examples of organic waste are waste from plants and

their products, and waste from animals. According to

the components contained in it, waste is also divided

into biological and chemical waste. Biological waste

is usually easier to decompose than chemical waste

(Presiden RI, 2008). This waste problem needs proper

management considering that, as long as there is a

human life cycle, the waste production will never

decrease. Waste that cannot be decomposed quickly

will accumulate and cause further problems. Research

conducted by Purwaningrum stated that waste

management in Indonesia was still a problem that has

not been handled properly. Waste reduction activities,

both in the community as waste producers and at the

regional level, are still at around 5%; this number

indicates the waste that is disposed of at the final

processing site (TPA), while the landfill area is very

limited. The largest composition of waste in the TPA

apart from organic waste (70%) is inorganic waste,

namely plastic waste (14%) (Purwaningrum, 2016)

and (Ediana, Fatma, and Yuniliza, 2018).

3.3 Problems That Arise due to Waste

Problems and Their Impact on

Health Quality

All informants in this study realized that there were

many problems that have arisen because of this waste

problem. Furthermore, waste problems will have a

negative impact on environmental health, which can

directly reduce the health quality of individuals and

rural communities. Hoarding waste in gardens and

vacant land will not solve the problem, but will create

new problems. This is in accordance with the

statements of the informants below:

“What can be seen is that our environment is very

dirty and unhealthy. Waste is scattered everywhere,

especially household waste that is dumped in the

moor. These are sometimes scraped by chickens and

carried all over the place by dogs. When it rains this

waste is washed away and pollutes the rivers around

the moor. At a certain moment, residents burned their

waste, causing air pollution because of the smoke

from the combustion. This plastic waste sometimes

cannot decompose quickly so that it can pollute and

damage soil and water. In addition, the dirty

environment has become a breeding ground for

mosquitoes and flies as disease spreaders.” (R001,

R006)

“Before this waste was processed at the TPS, I can

describe this waste problem as a really complicated

problem that seemed difficult to solve. Every day, we

see food waste, plastic, paper and leaves scattered all

over the place. Especially if there are children

gathering and drinking canned drinks, the can is

usually dumped into a ditch near the stall so that it

clogs the gutter and often becomes a place for puddles

of water for larvae. Sometimes, some people throw

the carcasses of dead animals and used diapers that

still have feces into the sewers, causing a foul smell.

The most difficult thing is that if there is a traditional

ceremony, this waste will pile up and become a place

for flies to gather. I think this is very unhealthy for the

environment we live in. In the past, there have also

been complaints from stakeholders (Hindu saints)

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who complained about the waste and diapers being

carried away by the river and into Beji (a water source

where Hindu rituals and sacred objects are purified).

This is considered to have polluted the water quality

and the sanctity of this Beji.” (R002, R005, R004)

"The disease outbreak has not yet occurred. There

was once someone who had diarrhea but did not know

the cause either wrong diet or unclean environment.

The problem of dengue fever is seasonal; I do not

know if it has anything to do with the piles of waste

in the gardens and the people's moor. What I believe

is that this waste is one of the risk factors for these

diseases. What I am afraid of is that if this pile of

waste is washed away during the rainy season, it can

block the flow of the river and cause flooding.”

(R003, R007)

The statements of the main informants were in

accordance with the statements of the supporting

informants below:

“The waste that has accumulated in the home

environment is now piling up in the garden or moor.

This waste is not reduced but instead is scattered,

causing a bad smell, especially from household waste.

This rotten waste is often infested with flies. Wet

waste, leftover food, leaves and flowers left over from

the ceremony were mixed together with plastic waste.

Especially during the rainy season, the situation will

get worse, this waste will be washed away by

rainwater, clogging waterways and causing a foul

smell. Fortunately, our village has not been flooded

yet, maybe if the river is clogged, it might be flooded.

If we look at health standards, it is clear that this is

not healthy." (P003)

“Many people still have fields where they throw

their waste and burn some of the waste. But many do

not realize that many of these fields are bordered by

rivers so that the waste scattered on the riverbanks is

sometimes carried away through the river currents

and pollutes the downstream of the river. This is not

in accordance with the slogan we often hear, namely

clean my village without polluting other villages.

Moreover, downstream of this river is a place of holy

water (Beji) which is usually used during religious

ceremonies. Yes, this will obviously damage the

cleanliness and health of the environment as well as

the sanctity of the place.” (P002)

Research related to the impact of waste on human

health was carried out by Mulyati in 2021. This article

explained the importance of knowing about waste

management and its impact on the surrounding

environment. The method used in this study was a

qualitative method, which found that, in addition to

affecting the quality of environmental health, waste

can also cause disease. Diseases that are often

experienced due to improperly managed waste are

diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal worms, malaria,

elephantiasis, and dengue fever (Mulyati, 2021)

and(Wahyudin, Fitriah, and Azwaruddin, 2020).

3.4 The Community’s Role in

Improving Waste Management

All informants in this study realized that the waste

problem was a complicated problem and must be

solved by all parties. This informant also realized that

the community’s role as the main waste producer was

integral in terms of managing this waste from the

household level. The following is as stated by these

informants:

“As a community, we are very aware that this

waste problem is our common problem, and we must

solve it together. We are encouraged to collect and

sort this waste into several types of waste, so I did it

well. I prepared three types of trash bins in my house,

namely plastic trash cans, leaf waste and the rest of

ceremonial facilities and kitchen waste buckets. I also

involve all my family members to immediately sort

the waste when disposing of it. I also place trash cans

in strategic places in my house such as the family

room, kitchen and living room. I also always remind

the whole family to always maintain cleanliness and

throw waste in its place.” (R001, R005)

“I have been informed by the TPS staff and also

by the head of the hamlet, so I have already sorted out

my waste at home. Usually we will collect waste into

plastic waste, leaf waste and also wet waste such as

food scraps and kitchen waste. Sometimes we give

wet waste directly to livestock or take it to the garden.

This plastic waste and leaf waste will be taken to the

TPS. Sometimes the waste that we can still use we

reuse such as plastic shopping bags, plastic food

boxes and other items that we can still use.

Sometimes when I go to the market, I often bring my

own shopping bag. I do not get a lot of plastic bags.

In addition to diligently telling all the family to

immediately sort out their waste, I also always

prepare waste cans in several places such as in the

kitchen, living room and family room. We have also

distinguished this waste can between organic and

inorganic waste.” (R002, R004, R007)

The statements of these key informants are also

supported by the following supporting informants:

“We from TPS always try to socialize this waste

management program to the community. We do this

by regularly gathering village leaders. Selemadeg

village consists of four traditional villages and one

official village. At these meetings, we try to provide

education and understanding about the importance of

Community Perception on Waste Management with the 3R Method and Its Impact on Health Quality at TPS Bumi Asri Selemadeg Village:

A Qualitative Study

113

waste management. We also have tried to encourage

these village leaders to include the waste management

budget in the Village RAB planning, both in the

traditional villages and official villages.” (P002)

"This is already done, Miss. I always try to convey

this to the chairman of the banjar and the residents of

the banjar WA group, during banjar meetings and also

PKK activities so that people no longer throw waste

in the moor and try to sort out their waste. If it has

been sorted, it will be taken to the TPS and further

processed there.” (P001)

“In my opinion, because I am a health worker, I

often talk about the dangers of this waste to the

quality of our health. Usually, I participate in

providing counseling and socialization about the

importance of processing this waste at the integrated

healthcare center.”(P003)

The results of this study were in accordance with

research conducted by Rahmah, et al. (2021) on the

Study of the Impact of Household Waste on

Environment and Economy for District Communities

in Sukarame Bandar Lampung City, which concluded

that it is important to take special actions regarding

awareness for people not to throw household waste

carelessly in order to break the waste’s negative

impact (Rahmah, Sari, and Amrina 2021).

3.5 Community Perceptions and

Expectations of the Waste

Processing Program with the 3R

Method and the Existence of the

TPS Bumi Asri

During the in-depth interviews regarding the public's

perception of the TPS Bumi Asri, most informants

strongly supported the existence of this TPS. This is

as stated by the informants below:

"Fortunately, now there is a TPS; the community

have been directed to sort the waste from the house

into plastic waste, leaf waste, and kitchen waste.

Usually the TPS will pick up trash 1-2 times a month

depending on the amount of waste in the community.

Usually the head of the hamlet will convey this at a

meeting or through WA message about the time for

this waste collection so that community can prepare

their waste before it is taken.” (R001, R004)

“I really support the existence of this TPS.

Although many of us have gardens to dispose of

waste, this waste is not processed, accumulating over

time. The existence of this TPS is very helpful in

overcoming this waste problem, at least someone will

transport waste from the community and manage it at

the TPS. In addition, we have also been asked to

participate in sorting this waste. Waste that we can

still use will be reused. We have also started to reduce

the use of plastic and replaced it with various items.

And the most important thing at this TPS is that the

waste is reprocessed, especially the organic waste.”

(R002, R005)

“The existence of this TPS is very helpful, Ma'am,

especially for people who do not have gardens to

dispose of their waste. Sometimes we are confused

about where to take our trash. For those who own a

moor, this is also very useful because the waste that

is piled up in the moor without being processed will

multiply and will be difficult to decompose.” (R003,

R006)

“This TPS is very good for waste management in

our village, Ma'am. This is clearly seen, in the past

people still littered, but now it has started to be well-

organized. Although this TPS is still new, it can still

run quite well. Yes, there are still many obstacles but

it is running, ma'am. Now, the waste has been taken

to the TPS to be sorted and managed by TPS

officers.”(R007)

The statements of the main informants were also

supported by the supporting informants who also

agreed with their opinion, as stated by supporting

informants below:

"In 2019, the village government proposed a

waste processing site, and fortunately it was

approved; this Bumi Asri TPS was then established.

Yes, even though it has not been operating optimally,

it can help reduce the pile of waste in Selemadeg

village. This is very important because until now

there are still many people that do not care about the

waste problem and its impact on health. At this TPS,

we try to manage waste in a way known as the 3R

(reuse, reduce and recycle). When we have

outreached to the community, we have conveyed to

be able to reuse items that are still fit for use, reduce

the use of plastic bags. If it is true that it cannot be

used anymore, it will be just thrown away, and we

will sort it back at the TPS.” (P001, P002)

“But fortunately there is now this TPS, so this

waste problem seems to be starting to see a bright spot

in terms of management. Moreover, since the 3R TPS

system was developed, the community has been

asked to sort their waste at the household level; later

at the TPS, further sorting can be carried out

immediately.” (P003)

A person's perception of an object or event greatly

influences how a person behaves towards the object

or event. One of the theories that is often used to

analyze a person's perception and behavior is the

Theory of Planed Behavior presented by Icek Ajzen

in 2017. This theory is a development of the Theory

Bali BICHS 2022 - The Bali Biennial International Conference on Health Sciences

114

of Reasoned Action proposed by Icek Ajzen in 1980

(Ajzen, 2005) and (Ajzen, 2017).

4 CONCLUSIONS AND

SUGGESTIONS

All informants in this study understood that the waste

problem is a problem that must be taken seriously.

Poorly managed waste can cause environmental,

individual, and community health problems, which

can directly reduce health quality. All of these

informants strongly agreed with the existence of TPS

as a place for waste management, especially with the

3R method. The community has experienced positive

benefits from the existence of this TPS directly

related to environmental cleanliness, disease

prevention, changes in clean and healthy living

behavior, and the economic value obtained from

reprocessed waste. The government is advised to

continue to facilitate the TPS management to be more

optimal.

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