Triple Helix Analysis: Blockchain in Improving the Community's

Economy after the Covid 19 Pandemic in Sungai Penuh and Kerinci

Halil Khusairi

, Wawan Novianto

, Ali Marzuki Zebua

, Yelni Erniyati

, Helfenta

and Firdaus

Institut Agama Islam Negeri, Kapten Muradi St., Sungai Penuh, Indonesia

Universitas Nurdin Hamzah, Jambi, Indonesia

Keywords: Blockchain, Economic Growth, Government, Industry, Triple Helix, Universities.

Abstract: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the community's economy declined. It requires an immediate resolution. As

three sets of development resources, the triple helix is also responsible for solving these problems. Blockchain

technology is also an alternative technology to solve this problem. This research is to explain the interaction

of universities, industry players, and local governments in solving this problem. This study uses qualitative

analysis with a type of field research. Interviews were conducted with policymakers. The use of blockchain

technology can be the right solution to improving the community's economy, especially in the field of tourism,

which is indeed the foundation of the community in the Kerinci and Sungaienuh areas. On the other hand,

each Helix has a different role which causes it not to be well coordinated. This paper also shows the

weaknesses and evaluations that can be done using statistical analysis, especially in areas where the economy

is not yet developed.

1 INTRODUCTION

Covid 19 has destroyed the global community's

economy. The impact of the economic downturn

reached its lowest point in society. Covid 19, in

statistical data, affects increasing the community's

poverty rate. Data shows that the number of poor

people in Kerinci is still very high compared to

several districts or cities in Jambi Province.

According to data from the Central Statistics Agency

(2019), the population of Kerinci Regency is 237,791

people. As much as 18.45 percent of that number is

included in the category of poor people.

Uses the term deprivation trap to understand the

core problem of poverty in third-world countries,

where the elements of the ruins are closely

intertwined in a chain of interrelated links, which see

that poverty is experienced by people in the third

world, especially rural communities who live in rural

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8260-0444

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-0786

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-1335

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5212-8098

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8479-6662

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5748-7837

areas (R Chambers, 1988). caused by the

interrelationship of factors that cause poverty, such as

a "vicious circle" so that they are trapped in poverty,

which is divided as follows: Poverty is the most

determining factor compared to other factors. The

fulfillment of food, clothing, shelter, education, and

health needs characterizes it. Inadequate income is

caused by insufficient income for daily needs,

creating weaknesses in other poverty. Weak

physique, namely the existence of a high dependency

ratio among family members in terms of earning a

living, because the level of labor productivity is

deficient. Alienation, as they are uneducated, live far

away, or are out of reach of communication, thus

perpetuating poverty, where government services or

assistance do not reach them. Vulnerability usually,

low-income families do not have reserves in the form

of money or food to deal with emergencies.

Powerlessness, poor people do not have the power or

Khusairi, H., Novianto, W., Marzuki Zebua, A., Erniyati, Y., Helfenta, H. and Firdaus, .

Triple Helix Analysis: Blockchain in Improving the Community’s Economy after the Covid 19 Pandemic in Sungai Penuh and Kerinci.

DOI: 10.5220/0012196100003738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education (ICoIE 4 2022) - Digital Era Education After the Pandemic, pages 25-33

ISBN: 978-989-758-669-9; ISSN: 2975-9676

strength to face stronger (influential) people who

often exploit themselves. Usually, low-income

families do not have reserves in the form of money or

food to deal with emergencies. Powerlessness, poor

people do not have the power or strength to face

stronger (influential) people who often exploit

themselves. Usually, low-income families do not

have reserves in the form of money or food to deal

with emergencies. Powerlessness, poor people do not

have the power or strength to face stronger

(influential) people who often exploit themselves.

To overcome the problem of poverty, in the last

few decades, there have been many collaborative

programs between universities, local governments,

and private companies, as well as state-owned

enterprises which have been developed to address

people's economic problems. The Triple Helix is an

analytical model developed that describes and

explains the dynamics of institutional arrangements

between universities, industry, and government

agencies, with the common goal of creating an

innovative environment for the development of a

knowledge-based economy (I.A. Ivanova & L.

Leydesdorff, 2014).

There are three strategies in community

empowerment: policy and planning, social and

political action, education, and awareness (J Ife,

2013). Empowerment through policies and planning

is accepted in the development or changes in

structures and institutions for more equitable access

to resources or services and opportunities to

participate in community life. Empowerment through

social action emphasizes the importance of political

struggle and change in developing adequate power.

At the same time, empowerment through education

and awareness develops the importance of an

educational process that can equip community

members to increase their strength.

One community empowerment expert stated that

the orientation of community empowerment is

currently focused on helping people develop

themselves and implement new innovations that

continue to develop (Wilson B. Sikhondze, 1999).

According to Silkhondze, this process must be carried

out using participatory or engagement processes. The

targets are individuals and groups, and the technology

used is practical.

Another view of empowerment was "The

expansion of assets and the ability of poor people to

participate, negotiate with, influence, control, and

hold responsible institutions that affect their lives" (M

Porter et al., 2002). Empowerment is defined as an

intervention that is an effort to strengthen resources

and community participation in increasing their

capacity so that they can determine their future. The

definition of community empowerment in

development aims to carry out a process of change so

that the community understands its benefits and role

in development programs, can formulate needs with

the potential or resources they have, and can

determine development priorities—problems to be

solved according to their needs and potential.

The PDRB of Kerinci Regency from 2016 to 2020

has continuously increased. It can be seen that in 2017

the PDRB in Kerinci Regency was Rp. 8,875.71

billion, which increased from 2016, amounted to Rp.

8,052.84 billion, and until 2020 the PDRB in the

Regency will reach Rp. 10,447.13 billion (PDRB

Kabupaten Kerinci Menurut Pengeluaran Atas Dasar

Harga Berlaku (Milyar Rupiah), 2018-2020, 2020).

Agricultural information is the best application of

knowledge to promote and create opportunities for

development and poverty reduction. Effective

integration of ICT in the agricultural sector will lead

to sustainable agriculture by preparing timely

relevant agricultural information, which can provide

the right information to farmers in making farming

decisions to increase their productivity. ICTs can

quickly improve farmers' accessibility to market

information, production inputs, and consumer trends,

positively impacting their production quality and

quantity. Marketing information, new livestock, crop

management practices, plant/livestock diseases and

pests, availability of transportation, information on

market opportunities, and market prices of

agricultural inputs and outputs are essential for

economic production efficiency (Al-Hamidi et al.,

2010).

Sustainable development has three main

objectives, namely: economic objectives, ecological

objectives, and social objectives (Bernal & Adames,

2017). Economic objectives are related to efficiency

and growth issues; ecological goals are related to the

problem of natural resource conservation; and social

goals are related to poverty reduction (poverty) and

equity (equity). Thus, the goal of sustainable

development basically lies in the harmonization

between economic, ecological, and social goals.

Blockchain technology can help provide solutions

by overcoming visibility and traceability challenges

(Hasanah, 2018) and ensuring food quality and safety

management (YZ Surentu et al., 2020). Blockchain

technology promises a transparent, tamper-resistant,

secure system (F Casino et al., 2019).

Based on a survey conducted by the International

Society for Horticultural Sciences (ISHS), obstacles

in adopting ICT by farmers, especially horticultural

farmers, namely: limited ability; gaps in training,

ICoIE 4 2022 - The Fourth International Conference on Innovation in Education

awareness of the benefits of ICT, time, cost of the

technology used, system integration and software

availability. Respondents from developing countries

emphasized the importance of ICT technology costs

and technological infrastructure gaps (N Taragola et

al., 2009).

The research entitled Community Empowerment

Through Social and Educational Institutions explores

the role of social and educational institutions in

Bajulmati in community empowerment (B R

Simbolon et al., 2022). This study uses a qualitative

approach. The informants in this study consisted of

government agencies, empowerment activists from

social and educational institutions, and the

surrounding community. The study results show the

role of social and educational institutions in

empowering the Bajulmati community. Communities

are empowered through exploiting the potential of

nature and human resources, always to be optimistic

and independent, and empowered through

educational institutions. School education aims to

increase competitiveness, They concluded that

campuses or universities are crucial in community

economic empowerment, especially in rural areas.

One sector that has an impact when campuses enter

society is the human resources sector. The campus

recommendations in his research are said to increase

farmers' income through financial management,

infrastructure, and the suitability of potential and

business strategies (Almasdi Syahz, 2003).

His research on SME empowerment concluded

that the implementation of a community

empowerment strategy policy, namely developing

SMEs, would not be maximized if it was only carried

out partially, for example, only in the field of capital

economics, but would have more impact if the

assistance was oriented towards a comprehensive

view of the needs SMEs, for example, individual and

group quality assistance including assistance in

developing their potential (R Karsidi, 2007). With a

process of involvement that is massive, participatory,

and also more in favor of the bottom-up process, the

results of the empowerment process are more visible.

They will become independent when the mentoring

ends and the business continues. Based on this

thought, the author wants to examine further the

effectiveness of campus collaboration with local

government and the private sector in strengthening

the community's economy in Sungaipenuh City and

Kerinci Regency.

First, this study aims to determine the level of

cooperation carried out by triple helix entities,

namely universities, the government and the private

sector, in terms of strengthening the technology-

based community economy. Second, to obtain data on

weaknesses and obstacles to the triple helix

collaboration process in improving the economy of a

technology-based society. Third, find out the

programs that can be carried out jointly between

universities, local government, and the private sector

in the future.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

The method in this study will use qualitative analysis

with the type of field research where the findings are

not obtained through mathematical or statistical

procedures that favor calculation (A Strauss & J

Corbin, 2003).

This research was conducted in the City of

Sungaipenuh and Kerinci Regency. The selection of

informants in this study was carried out using a

purposive sampling technique. The researchers

determined which informants felt that the informants

were closely related to one another. Sources of data

in this study are primary and secondary. Primary data

comes from observation and interviews. To find

primary data in this study are leaders and

policymakers in tertiary institutions, local

government, and the private sector in the City of

Sungaipenuh and Kerinci Regency. Secondary data is

obtained from Sungaipenuh City and Kerinci

Regency, such as documents directly related to the

object under study in Sungaipenuh City and Kerinci

Regency.

The data analysis process in qualitative research

is carried out after data acquisition and in detail inside

and after the field. The technique used to analyze the

resulting data is a qualitative data analysis technique

modeled by Miles and Huberman: data condensation,

data display, and inference or validation (Susilawati

et al., 2020).

Observation, interviews, and documentation do

data collection. This data collection is carried out for

a certain period according to data validation needs.

Data condensation refers to selecting, focusing,

simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data

contained in field notes in research. The next step

after data condensation is data presentation. A set that

states the relationship between categories of

information that represents qualitative data.

Furthermore, by making a detailed description of the

case and its environment.

The final stage of data analysis is verification and

drawing conclusions which are interpreted as drawing

the meaning of the data that has been displayed. Thus

the verification process is an effort to find meaning

from the data that has been collected by looking for

patterns, themes, similarities, differences, things that

often appear, and so on.

Triple Helix Analysis: Blockchain in Improving the Community’s Economy after the Covid 19 Pandemic in Sungai Penuh and Kerinci

3 THEORETICAL REVIEW

3.1 Triple Helix Perspective

The triple helix model can be conceptualized as

components, relationships, or links built between

actors and functions in the system (I.A. Ivanova & L.

Leydesdorff, 2014). Links or engagement can be

measured in several ways, including the number of

citations to academic papers generated by industry;

participation of academics in industrial research

activities; university research grants awarded by

industry or government (Y Kim et al., 2012).

Regarding their functions, universities are

responsible for new products, the industry generates

wealth, and the government is responsible for

legislative control (I.A. Ivanova & L. Leydesdorff,

2014). However, the potential for innovation does not

originate from the institutional space of each Helix

constituent actor but rather from areas that overlap

due to their interactions (I.A. Ivanova & L.

Leydesdorff, 2014). This institutional stakeholder

role approach is considered a potential source for

innovation and growth of the entrepreneurial

ecosystem, which is critical for regional economic

development and social transformation (A Brem & A

Radziwon, 2017; I.A. Ivanova & L. Leydesdorff,

2014; J Kolehmainen et al., 2016). Less research-

intensive areas increasingly realize that knowledge

applied to local resources can enhance economic and

social development, so institutions that produce

knowledge are significant (I.A. Ivanova & L.

Leydesdorff, 2014). Previous lessons show that

higher education institutions can significantly impact

the knowledge base development in rural and peri-

urban areas (J (Kolehmainen et al., 2016; JJ Ferreira

et al., 2017).

Learning dynamics are essential in the

entrepreneurial ecosystem (G Secundo et al., 2017).

Regarding the role of government, research shows

that public policies that support entrepreneurship, in

particular addressing knowledge and competency

gaps, are essential for developing micro-rural

enterprises that create jobs, alleviate poverty, mitigate

populations, and contribute to economic growth

(Bernal & Adames, 2017; FM Edoho, 2016).

Industry's role in the Triple Helix is not only to

develop knowledge but also to participate in regional

innovation and development by supporting

entrepreneurship through corporate social

responsibility (CSR) programs, both voluntary and as

a result of government agreements (R Steurer, 2010).

Although empirical analysis of the Triple Helix

stakeholder effect is limited, several studies have

been conducted, focusing on various outputs, such as

regional company formation (Y Kim et al., 2012),

local niche innovation projects (A Brem & A

Radziwon, 2017) and entrepreneurial innovation

performance (M Guerrero & D Urbano, 2017).

3.2 Economic Development Phase

With this in mind, distinguish three specific phases of

economic development: (1) Innovation-driven

economy (IDE): rich countries versus developed

countries. (2) Efficiency-driven economy (EDE): a

country with high economic growth and development

in recent years, such as strengthening the private

sector and public incentives for economic

development. (3) Factor-driven economy (FDE):

countries with low levels of economic development

which usually have a large agricultural sector that

provides livelihoods for the majority of the

population, most of whom still live in rural areas (M

Porter et al., 2002; N Bosma & j Levie, 2010).

Thus, entrepreneurship is increasingly crucial for

the development of a country (S Martínez-Fierro et

al., 2016), and entrepreneurs are the best agents of

change (Acs & Amorós, 2008; AJ Van Stel et al.,

2005; N Bosma & J Levie, 2010). He introduces

innovation, increases competitiveness and

competition (Acs & Amorós, 2008; JJ Ferreira et al.,

2017; N Bosma & J (Levie, 2010; PK Wong et al.,

2005), pushes the competitiveness of the State to a

higher level (JL Curbello & I Peña, 2012; JL

González et al., n.d.).

3.3 Technology Transfers

Technology transfer is divided into two, namely

horizontal transfer and vertical transfer. Horizontally

is the transfer of technology from one field to another.

Meanwhile, the vertical transfer is the transfer of

technology from research to application, Grosse,

(Robert Barr et al., 1977). The technology transfer

process also needs to pay attention to the technology

readiness level (technology readiness level) Arwanto

and Prayitno (2013) as a criterion for when a

technology can be widely used. Research generally

focuses on stages 1-3, while production occurs when

technology has reached at least stage 6. Bridging

between stages 3 to 6 is the most difficult, whereas

stages 4 and 5 include converting prototype

components to mass production components for

testing and further development.

ICoIE 4 2022 - The Fourth International Conference on Innovation in Education

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 Helix Readiness Levels

4.1.1 Local Government

The government has prepared organizational tools

through offices and agencies, which are divided based

on the object of the problem. For example, for

economic and MSME issues, the government will

give authority to the industry agency. For health

issues, the government will give authority to the

health service, and for tourism issues, the government

will give authority to the tourism agency. Fajrann

(Chairman of the Sungaipenuh City DPRD) said,

"The government, through related agencies, is

implementing a community empowerment program,

especially MSMEs in Sungaipenuh City."

4.1.2 University

The collaboration built between the campus and the

Kerinci Regional Government is still limited to

research collaboration, where there is no further

follow-up on any research by lecturers and students

regarding the research. Rahmat Fauzi (Head of the

Center for Religious and Cultural Studies at IAIN

Kerinci) said, "Institutions have been formed on

campus, but institutional work programs are still

running alone in the process of strengthening the

community's economy without concrete cooperation

with local governments."

4.1.3 Private Sector

The private sector has two patterns to strengthen the

local community's economy. Some directly form an

organizational structure to manage CSR, while others

still combine it with a general organizational unit.

Both types of patterns have advantages and

disadvantages of each. Companies that precisely form

devices will be more planned and directed.

Mulyadi (Head of Bank Sembilan Jambi) said that

"We must carry out the SME development program,

namely UMKM Go Digital, but currently, there is no

institution that can be invited to work together

concretely to carry out the program,"

Institutionally, it can be concluded that the three

helixes have prepared themselves by forming a

structure in the management of cooperation. The

structure has been equipped with a work program but

has a different focus from one helix to another.

4.2 Triple Helix Partnership Program

Several campuses are in Sungaipenuh City and

Kerinci Regency, namely IAIN Kerinci, STIE Alam

Sakti Kerinci, AKPER, and others. Several

companies are actively conducting business activities

in the City of Sungaipenuh and Kerinci Regency,

such as PTPN VI, Micro Hydro Power Plants,

Banking, and others. Triple Helix faces challenges

due to the economic conditions of the people still

having difficulty getting up after the Covid-19

pandemic. In addition, there are problems on a local

scale that must be resolved, such as waste and

ecological damage. It is urgent because the City of

Sungaipenuh and Kerinci Regency are centered on

the tourism industry, so the natural beauty is a

determining factor in improving its performance.

The Covid-19 pandemic is a challenge for the

tourism industry. Restrictions on the movement of

people have undermined the growth of the tourism

industry. In the broad sense of service management,

government policies cannot yet be felt in the tourism

industry. The government provides many Direct Cash

Assistance (BLT) to SMEs that sell goods, not

services. Another thing that is problem in

Sungaipenuh City and Kerinci Regency is the

problem of accessibility. It must be immediately

given a solution by making a particular strategy. It is

acknowledged that all entities or those representing

the role of the triple helix are highly anticipated to

support the economic development of the people of

Sungaipenuh and Kerinci. Several areas that are

urgently needed to be resolved are community

economic problems, especially SMEs that have been

affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic. Then there is the

ecological problem, where many forests are logging

at the foot of Mount Kerinci, and the garbage

problem, an obstacle in Sungaipenuh City.

This campus started a Community Service

program a long time ago. IAIN Kerinci, for example,

spends one billion rupiahs annually for lecturer

service and research programs. IAIN Kerinci

organizes the Real Work Lecture (KKN) program

with thematic methods every year. This program

allows students to carry out community service

programs as one of the obligations to complete their

studies. The program is expected to be able to answer

the problems that exist in society.

The results of interviews with the leadership of the

IAIN Kerinci show that the work program is more

directed at improving education and religion in the

community. Religious moderation is one of the

crucial themes promoted by IAIN Kerinci in society.

Work programs are more likely to lead to that theme.

Triple Helix Analysis: Blockchain in Improving the Community’s Economy after the Covid 19 Pandemic in Sungai Penuh and Kerinci

The government sees the other side of the problems

that exist in society today. The local Government's

focus is on economic issues and waste. Kerinci and

Sungaipenuh have great tourism potential, but the

people's economy is still too low. MSME

development is one of the strategies currently being

promoted by the local government. The SMEs in

question are more directed at the downstream tourism

industry. It follows regional strength.

Apart from economic problems, waste is a

significant problem in the cities of Sungaipenuh and

Kerinci. As a tourist destination, it is an obligation

that clean environmental conditions are the primary

support. The comfort of the tourists is greatly

disturbed by the garbage. Currently, the waste

problem is big because there is no final waste disposal

site the local government can manage. The private

sector, represented by companies operating in the

City of Sungaipenuh and Kerinci, has a slightly

different trend. Even though the potential in the

region is tourism, most corporate social responsibility

programs focus more on developing the creative

economy.

Hendi Fresco (Manager Mangun Jaya) said,

"There are differences in the focus of work. Usually,

the government helps in the licensing process if the

Campus is more inclined to increase the capacity of

Human Resources, both in strengthening morale and

work skills, while if the company is more towards

facility assistance". One of the mentoring programs

carried out by Helix was carried out for members of

the Barokah Coffee Cooperative, Kayuaro District,

Kerinci Regency. Bank Indonesia for five years,

providing assistance or programs where the programs

are continuous; Development of Coffee Drying

Domes, HR Capacity, exhibitions, export training,

competitions, coffee production machines, and coffee

marketing. Currently, the Koerintji Barokah

cooperative has entered stage 5, where after the

completion of stage 5, the ground coffee marketing

program, Bank Indonesia will move to another target.

4.3 Farmer Quality Improvement

Cooperation (Quality Control

System)

The Koerintji Barokah Cooperative together becomes

Rikolto Partners, a Non-Governmental Organization

(NGO) from Belgium that focuses on increasing the

capacity of Village Human Resources, which has the

potential to improve the economy, increasing

agricultural capacity, especially Koerintji Barokah

Coffee Farmers together in Jernih Jaya Village which

will make farmers better.

The Plantation Service has a budget for assistance

to Farmer Groups, which is open yearly. However,

each Cooperative requires samples of coffee seeds,

solar purer domes, and other agricultural tools. The

Plantations Service will provide 10,000 Arabica

Coffee seeds to the Cooperative in 2022, distributed

to coffee farmers. With each Helix's capabilities,

duties and work portion, the government can play a

role in training, capital, markets, and networking in

community empowerment. Meanwhile, Higher

Education can play a role in strengthening human

resources, networking, innovation, and technology.

At the same time, the private sector can take the role

of investment, technology, and innovation. To unite

these strengths, Helix can do business meetings,

university meetings, and market meetings. Helix can

manage joint programs and have a significant impact

on MSME development.

4.4 The Triple Helix Barrier

Barriers occur due to several factors. First, there are

differences in several interests based on each helix's

point of view on societal problems. Second, the

intensity of communication between the helices is

still very minimal. Third is the lack of budget for each

helix in implementing community service and CSR.

Hendra Bustomi (Creative Economy Activator) said,

"The regional government program, campuses, and

private companies are still separate, running

separately. No forum has been formed, so the

program cannot focus."

So far, each helix seems to have not resolved the

existing problems. In this case, the government has

the most challenging task because the government

must, of course, be the main engine in the

empowerment process. The government is expected

to be able to become a bridge for another helix for the

technical process going forward. Inequality of

knowledge in the application of technology still

occurs in society. So at the application level, it is still

challenging to implement. It is necessary to develop

knowledge in the community in order to be able to

use technology effectively.

4.5 Triple Helix Program Opportunity

Managers of local tourist destinations that are still

traditional, for example, Village-Owned Enterprises

(BUMDES) or individual tourism managers, have

difficulty marketing the tourism objects they manage.

In Kerinci, there are also hundreds of natural tourism

objects managed by BUMDES and the local

community, such as hot springs, waterfalls, and tea

ICoIE 4 2022 - The Fourth International Conference on Innovation in Education

and coffee plantation agro-tourism. However, this

tourist attraction is starting to be empty of visitors

because management is still carried out traditionally.

Opportunities for utilizing blockchain technology

can be described with the following concepts;

Figure 1: Opportunities for utilizing blockchain technology.

In addition to natural tourism potential, Kerinci's

cultural tourism potential is promising. The socio-

cultural life of the Kerinci people is still very much

bound by custom. The community has inherited the

Ancient Script, which is still used by the community

in their daily communication. The Incung script is

said to be a relic of the ancient Malay era. It can be

proven through inscriptions and relics of historical

objects, which are still neatly stored by traditional

leaders, usually called depatis.

Technological developments enable virtual-based

shared programs. Joint programs derived from digital

methods can be further implemented and evaluated

with each institution. Digital methods enable

continuous work programs. Because all programs

implemented are accessible, there is no longer any

program overlap between institutions.

Fuad (Manager of Media Piknikkerinci's social

media accounts) said, "The potential for tourism in

Kerinci is enormous, so it can still be developed. With

technological advances, work programs must sync

between the Government, Campuses, and Private

Parties to strengthen the community's economy."

The Creative Economy approach is an option for

developing existing regional potential.

Entrepreneurship is a strategy that can be carried out

if you look at the potential and economic strength of

today's community. With minimal capital and

technological resources, entrepreneurial nature is

looking for opportunities to get maximum results with

minimal capital. The government's role as an actor

driving the Creative Economy as a Catalyst (Suryana,

2013) encourages SMEs can survive during a

pandemic, namely in the form of providing financing,

incentives, and protection.

4.6 Research Findings

In the research process, the triple helix program in the

field was greatly influenced and received direct

intervention from the Indigenous Institutions. For

example, the decision-making process in rural areas

still depends on local customary rules. It is consistent

with that suggested by (Scioli et al., 1997). A fourth

helix can be added to the model, representing Culture-

based publics, Civil Society and Arts-Based

Innovation. The Quadruple Helix model emphasizes

the natural environment of society (Scioli et al.,

1997).

Customary institutions participate in community

economic development. In fact, according to

prevailing social norms, adat is responsible for the

economy of the community it shelters. Adat does not

only provide input in development programs but also

has resources that the community can utilize to

develop the economy independently.

An example of a government program that

strengthens the position of adat is the granting of

customary forest management rights. The Perhutani

program provides more substantial power to

customary stakeholders or equivalent to the Regional

Government.

Indigenous peoples regulate themselves in

relations with their members through customary law,

not only socially, but now indigenous peoples also

have the right to manage their own resources such as

customary forests, independently. The government

has given them authority, even though it is still not

optimal at this time, because indigenous peoples still

have to receive assistance to manage their resources.

Weaknesses in their skills and networks are points

that can be corrected by the government, the private

sector, and universities" (Interview with the

Chairman of the DPRD Kota Sungaipenuh).

Hotel info, nature

tourism info, culinary

info, cultural tourism

info, tourism map info,

activity info, facility

info, flight info, latest

news

nature tourism data,

culinary data, cultural

tourism data, tourism

map data, activity data,

facility data, flight data,

latest news data

User

Comment

administrator

Hotel info, nature

tourism info, culinary

info, cultural tourism

info, tourism map info,

activity info, facility

info, flight info, latest

news

Application

Technology

Internet

Triple Helix Analysis: Blockchain in Improving the Community’s Economy after the Covid 19 Pandemic in Sungai Penuh and Kerinci

5 CONCLUSIONS

Several areas urgently need to be resolved

immediately, and it is hoped that the role of the triple

helix is to address community economic problems,

especially SMEs that have been affected by the

Covid-19 Pandemic and ecological and waste

problems. The three helixes have prepared

themselves by forming a structure to manage

cooperation, but these structures are not yet related.

The structure has been equipped with a work

program but has a different focus from one helix to

another. Apart from these obstacles, what can be

contributed by each helix is that the government can

play a role in training, capital, markets, and

networking in community empowerment.

Meanwhile, Higher Education can play a role in

strengthening human resources, networking,

innovation, and technology. At the same time, the

private sector can take the role of investment,

technology, and innovation.

Customary institutions have become a force equal

to other helices, especially in the Kerinci and

Sungaipenuh areas. Therefore customary institutions

can be included in the helix concept.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank you to the parties who assisted in providing

information and data for this research. The chairman

of the DPRD for Sungaipenuh City, the Chancellor of

the Kerinci IAIN, the Kerinci Regency Government,

and the Customary Institution.

REFERENCES

A Brem, & A Radziwon. (2017). Efficient Triple Helix

collaboration fostering local niche innovation projects

– a case from Denmark. Technological Forecasting and

Social Change, 123, 130–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/

j.techfore.2017.01.002

A Strauss, & J Corbin. (2003). Penelitian Kualitatif.

Pustaka Pelajar.

Acs, Z. J., & Amorós, J. E. (2008). Entrepreneurship and

competitiveness dynamics in Latin America. Small

Business Economics, 31(3), 305–322. https://doi.org/

10.1007/s11187-008-9133-y

AJ Van Stel, MA Carree, & AR Thurik. (2005). The effect

of entrepreneurial activity on national economic

growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311–321.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6

Al-Hamidi, H., Edwards, A. A., Mohammad, M. A., &

Nokhodchi, A. (2010). Glucosamine hydrochloride is a

potential carrier in solid dispersion formulations to

enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble

drugs. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 76(1),

170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.10.030

Almasdi Syahz. (2003). Rancangan Model Pemberdayaan

Ekonomi Masyarakat Pedesaan Berbasis Agribisnis Di

Daerah Riau. Pembangunan Pedesaan, 3(2), 1–16.

B R Simbolon, T S Wibowo, & U Suherman. (2022). Social

Dynamics: Does it Have an Impact on the Existence of

Education? Ijd-Demos, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.37950/

ijd.v4i1.214

Bernal, G., & Adames, C. (2017). Cultural Adaptations:

Conceptual, Ethical, Contextual, and Methodological

Issues for Working with Ethnocultural and Majority-

World Populations. Prevention Science, 18(6), 681–688.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0806-0

F Casino, T K Dasaklis, & C Patsakis. (2019). A systematic

literature review of blockchain-based applications:

Current status, classification, and open issues.

Telematics and Informatics, 36(March), 55–81.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006

FM Edoho. (2016). Entrepreneurship paradigm in the new

millennium: a critique of public policy on

entrepreneurship. Journal of Entrepreneurship in

Emerging Economies, 8(2), 279–294. https://doi.org/

10.1108/JEEE-08-2015-0043

G Secundo, G Schiuma, & G Passiante. (2017).

Entrepreneurial learning dynamics in knowledge-

intensive enterprises. International Journal of Entre-

preneurial Behavior & Research, 23(3), 366–380.

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2017-0020

Hasanah, L. L. N. El. (2018). Pengembangan Wirausaha

Muda Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Budaya di Daerah

Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 4(2), 268–

280. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.36812

I.A. Ivanova, & L. Leydesdorff. (2014). Rotational

symmetry and the transformation of innovation systems

in a Triple Helix of university–industry–government

relations. Technological Forecasting and Social

Change, 86(July), 143–156. https://doi.org/ DOI:

10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.022

J Ife. (2013). Community development in an uncertain

world. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/

doi:10.1017/CBO9781316342855

J Kolehmainen, J Irvine, L Stewart, Z Karacsonyi, T Szabó,

J Alarinta, & A Norberg. (2016). Quadruple Helix,

innovation and the knowledge-based development:

lessons from remote, rural and less-favored regions.

Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 7(1), 23–42.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0289-9

JJ Ferreira, CI Fernandes, & V Ratten. (2017).

Entrepreneurship, innovation, and competitiveness:

what is the connection? International Journal of

Business and Globalisation, 18(1), 73–95.

https://doi.org/ DOI:10.1504/IJBG.2017.081030

JL Curbello, & I Peña. (2012). Emprendimiento y

competitividad regional. Boletín de Estudios

Económicos, 67(205), 59–67.

JL González, A Jung, I.O Peña, Anyadike, & M Danes.

(n.d.). Innovation-oriented start-ups in Latin American

ICoIE 4 2022 - The Fourth International Conference on Innovation in Education

economies. Fourth Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

Research Conference.

M Guerrero, & D Urbano. (2017). The impact of Triple

Helix agents on entrepreneurial innovation

performance: an inside look at enterprises in an

emerging economy. Technological Forecasting and

Social Change, 119(June), 294–309. https://doi.org/1

0.1016/j.techfore.2016.06.015

M Porter, J Sachs, PK Cornelius, JW McArthur, & K

Schwab. (2002). The Global Competitiveness Report

2001-2002. World Economic Forum.

N Bosma, & J Levie. (2010). Global entrepreneurship

monitor, 2009 executive report". Global

Entrepreneurship Research Association.

N Taragola, D Van Lierde, & E Gelb. (2009). Information

and communication technology (ICT) adoption in

horticulture: comparison of the EFITA, ISHS, and

ILVO questionnaires. Acta Horticulturae, 831(831),

73–82. https://doi.org/DOI:10.17660/ActaHortic.2009

.831.8

PDRB Kabupaten Kerinci Menurut Pengeluaran Atas

Dasar Harga Berlaku (Milyar Rupiah), 2018-2020.

(2020). Https://Kerincikab.Bps.Go.Id/.

https://kerincikab.bps.go.id/publikasi.html

PK Wong, P Ho, & E Autio. (2005). Entrepreneurship,

innovation, and economic growth: evidence from GEM

data. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 335.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1

R Chambers. (1988). Poverty in India: concepts, research,

and reality. In Poverty in India: Research and Policy.

Oxford University Press.

R Karsidi. (2007). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Untuk Usaha

Kecil dan Mikro (Pengalaman Empiris di Wilayah

Surakarta Jawa Tengah). Jurnal Penyuluhan, 3(2), 136–

145. https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v3i2.2161

R Steurer. (2010). The role of governments in corporate

social responsibility: characterizing public policies on

CSR in Europe. Policy Sci, 43(1), 49–72.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-009-9084-4

Robert Barr, James L. B., & Samuel S. (1977). The Nature

of the Social Studies. Palm Springs. ETC Publications.

S Martínez-Fierro, JM Biedma Ferrer, & J Ruiz-Navarro.

(2016). Entrepreneurship and strategies for economic

development. Small Business Economics, 47(4), 835–

851. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1007/s11187-016-9738-5

Scioli, Samor, Campbell, Chamberlin, Lapointe, &

Macleod. (1997). A Prospective Study of Hope,

Optimism, and Health. Psychol Rep, 81(Dec), 723–733.

https://doi.org/doi: 10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.723.

Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Kerinci. (2019). Badan Pusat

Statistik Kabupaten Kerinci.

Suryana. (2013). EKONOMI KREATIF, EKONOMI

BARU: Mengubah ide dan Menciptakan Peluang.

Penerbit Salemba Empat.

Susilawati, W. O., Darniyanti, Y., Prasetyo, D. E.,

Apreasta, L., & Novitasari, A. (2020). The urgency of

Adiwiyata School for education as sustainable

development. Journal of Education and Learning

(EduLearn), 14(4), 543–549. https://doi.org/10.11591/

edulearn.v14i4.15584

Wilson B. Sikhondze. (1999). The Role of Extension in

Farmer Education and Information Dissemination in

Swaziland. Adult Education and Development, 53.

https://doi.org/DOI:10.4314/rosas.v4i2.53631

Y Kim, W Kim, & T Yang. (2012). The effect of the triple

helix system and habitat on regional entrepreneurship:

empirical evidence from the US. Research Policy,

41(1), 154–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.

08.003

YZ Surentu, DM Warouw, & M Rembang. (2020).

Pentingnya Sebagai Media Informasi Destinasi Wisata

Di Dinas Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata Kabupaten

Minahasa. ACTA Diurna Komunikasi, 2(4), 1–17.

Triple Helix Analysis: Blockchain in Improving the Community’s Economy after the Covid 19 Pandemic in Sungai Penuh and Kerinci