Character Education: The Scientific Attitudes in the Digital

Technology Era 5.0: Constructivism Theoretical Approach

Paisal Manurung

, Bambang Gulyanto

, Dian Anggraini Harahap

, Datulina Ginting

and Karimaliana

English Education Study Program, Universitas Asahan, Indonesia

Indonesian and Literature Education Study Program, Universitas Asahan, Indonesia

Keywords: Character Education, Scientific Attitude, Digital Technology Age.

Abstract: This article attempted to examine and interpret the scientific attitudes (SA) in using digital based on

technology for the benefit of everyday life. This article used a constructivist theoretical approach. This theory

revealed that a person's attitude, behavior, and potential could be influenced by a certain interaction

environment. The descriptive-quantitative was used to be taken references from articles, books, and opinions

of experts in their fields with the desk evaluation. The field discussion was about scientific attitudes in this

technology age. The scientific attitude was regarded as a person's readiness to accept other people's opinions,

views ideas well. Someone's expertise in receiving the information will solve a systemic solution to problem-

solving to achieve information disclosure. The analysis’s result showed that a scientific attitude is urgently

needed by society in technology-based integration: a scientific attitude in giving opinions, a scientific attitude

in providing information, a scientific attitude in being curious about other information, a scientific attitude in

limited digital capabilities, and scientific attitude in using digital media. So, the minor public attention to the

scientific attitude of digital utilization will be a distortion of character education in Indonesia.

1 INTRODUCTION

Technology is not just a tool. Technology is a way to

express yourself from reality, for example, the truth”

Martin Heidegger (1949). The use of social media in

society has brought many visible changes in

society(Venkataraman, 2021.).According to the

Ministry of Communication and Informatics cited

mediaindonesia.com, Indonesia has a relatively high

rate of internet usage. This is caused by low internet

costs and the significant proportion of smartphone

users—167 million, or 89% of Indonesia's total

population—already use smartphones.The impact of

this change could be seen in the high curiosity of the

public for information from someone's involvement

inother people's conversations, expanding

information that it is propaganda, and it is getting

involved in cases of people whoare considered

famous such as celebrities and political figures. Its

Impact will affect the harmony of a society,ifthe

communityuses socialmedia improperly to interact

andcommunicate with one another (Pariutari et al.,

2022; Hayati, Suyatno, & Susatya, 2020).

The impact of this change certainly comes from a

person's attitude toward understanding and using

digital-based social media. Digital-based social

media requires understanding and self-assessment of

scientific attitudes. Attitude is a person's perspective

in thinking, feeling, understanding and interacting

with the environment, while scientific implies

acceptance of someone in positive thinking with the

process of teaching and learning. Wulandari (2022)a

scientific attitude is a very important output in the

teaching and learning process. Artaga (2021)

scientific attitude can be said to be the pioneer of a

person's development of activities that develop the

ability to think logically. Another opinion about

scientific attitude,Latipah, Kistoro, & Khairunnisa

(2020)states that scientific attitude is a person's belief

or confidence in knowing his ability to realize and

implement it in life, by getting support from the

community. Nurohman & Suharyanto (2009)states

that the meaning of the word scientific attitude does

not only have an effective meaning because there is

the word attitude, but the word scientific attitude has

a broad meaning, including cognitive and

psychomotor. (Nurohman & Suharyanto, 2009) cites

in Deshpande (2008) dividing several points such as

conveying information or data until the data is

Manurung, P., Gulyanto, B., Anggraini Harahap, D., Ginting, D. and Karimaliana, K.

Character Education: The Scientiﬁc Attitudes in the Digital Technology Era 5.0: Constructivism Theoretical Approach.

DOI: 10.5220/0012198100003738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education (ICoIE 4 2022) - Digital Era Education After the Pandemic, pages 169-174

ISBN: 978-989-758-669-9; ISSN: 2975-9676

169

sufficient, the ability to process information, the

ability to think logically, being aware of one's

shortcomings, and the ability to develop oneself and

be interested in new things.

Appropriately, digital-based social media makes

the positively contribution to society to in favorable

way to preserve social peace and personal integerity

(Triyanto, 2020). The actual situation differs from

this, In Southeast Asia, Indonesia currently qualifies

as the nation with the lowest degree of online

civility(Ekklesia, 2022; Microsoft, 2020; UNICEF,

2021). Based on the view. Triyanto(2020) people can

utilize digital-based social media for a variety of

purposes, such as provide to teaching about values

and morals that prioritize ethics and respect for the

opinions ofothers. (Pariutari et al.,2022.) gives the

opinion that increasing digital human resource

education. Beside of that, (Suryawati & Osman,

2018) gives the two-perspective presented above

support the idea that humans are required to respect

values or morals in the form of respecting the

acceptance of other people's opinions, without

declaring that the opinion is mistake. (Tari, Hasiholan

Hutapea, Tinggi, Kristen, & Kupang, 2020) Ethics,

by employing digitally based social media to the

community should be taught ethic, value, and

morality.

There is stated that the advantages of this digital

presence offer a unique presence provide a different

view of the learning process on the class (Masrukhin,

2013). Teachers are more flexible to communicate

without boundaries and space(Tari et al., 2020). It

provides a view that digital has brought people to

change their character by prioritizing intellectual

intelligence (Amrillah, Rahmaningtyas, Hartati, &

Agustin, 2020; Gumgum, Justito, & Nunik,

2017).According to Marini (2017); Novianti &

Riyanto (2018) that digital and technology have

brought significant changes to aspects of thinking,

innovation, creative, critical, and communication

skills, as well as collaboration skills. In these three

views, it can be conveyed that digital either-or

technology that is present in society has several

visible properties from the use ofdigital or

technology, such as, technology in education has

significantly improved several areas of learning and

raised the bar academic achievement(Sutarto, 2017;

Silvana & Darmawan, 2018).

Furthermore, on the societal level, digital

technology age 5.0 has brought about a condition in

which societies have experienced a paradigm shift or

perspective in integrating, such as face-to-face

meetings, which are no longer important (Pariutari et

al., 2022). This can be replaced online or offline, its

need can be done at home without leaving the house

by using applications such as Grab, online-based

restaurants and so on. Therefore, technology

interaction between communities can be done

digitally, without having to meet in person. On the

personal side,digital technology is transforming the

human minds creating great technology-based works

in design, architecture, fashion,food,and

transportation and more.

Technology pointed of view had bought two

components such as information and knowledge.

Information component is a component for human

needs with the surrounding environment, and the

knowledge component is a component for creating to

discover the novel things.

Based on the view of Mukhopadhyay (2014) that

digital technology and characters education includes

three components, namely personal, social and moral,

there are three main components to its

implementations. The development of character

education in this digitalization era requires an

important point (Maimunah, 2016; Ratnasari, 2019).

It is for the sustainability of the development of

character education: 1) personal is a form and form of

digital running in society, 2)societyis a combination

ofdigital technology and society to achieve goals

together, and 3) moral is the involvement of values,

deeper than digital,individual, and social. It can be

said(Arianto, 2021; Pendidikan Tambusai, Siti,

Agnia, Furnamasari, & Dewi, 2021.) That reiterated

that the development of character education requires

4(four) principles, namely: sustainability is all

subjects are oriented towards the development of

character-building development. Values are

developed rather than taught, prioritizing the

formation national character , namely: religious,

honest, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative,

independent, democratic, curiosity, national spirit,

love of the motherland, respect for achievement,

friendly/communicative, love for peace, love to read,

for the environment, care for the social, and

responsibility. Therefore, Zahri Harun (2013)(cited in

Likona, 2019) describes the character consists three

aspects moral knowing, feeling, and action. Based on

this statement, (Aspirasi Konstitusi & Sugeng Bayu

Wahyono Atien Nur Chamidah Badan Pengkajian

Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik

Indonesia, Herwin Wuri Wuryandani Vinta Tiarani,

2011) gives the clear point of character (cited

Megawangi) love of God and truth, responsibility

disipline, and independence, trust, respect and

courtesy, compassion, caring, and copperation,

confidents, creative, and never give up, fair, and spirit

leadership, kind, humble, tolerant and peace-loving.

Based on the above explanation, personality plays an

important role in all forms of human activity(Şener,

Türk, & Taş, 2015).Based on thefigures above, the

writer might take the view that the character for a

ICoIE 4 2022 - The Fourth International Conference on Innovation in Education

170

scientific attitude. It is a character that is based on the

competences to think, act, and feel on things that have

logical that can be accepted by anyone. It is pointing

include making a meaning, strong feelings, or

attention in the execution of thoughts, actions and

feelings.

2 METHODS

The method used a qualitative descriptive approach

which was the main source of research for the

researcher themselves(Silvana & Darmawan, 2018)

This article was the usage theory a constructive

approach which emphasized that a person's behaviour

could be influenced by the interaction environment.

The data sources for this article were books, journals,

and expert opinions on public scientific attitudes in

using digital-based social media served as data

sources for this article.The authors used a desk-

assessment approach for the data collection process.

We need to delve deeper into information and

knowledge to understand theories, problem

backgrounds, theoretical studies, and insights into

social issues via social media.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Character education shows how someone takes

initiative, makes decisions, and solves

problems(Ratnasari, 2019)

.Character education and

scientific attitudes are inseparable parts of the current

digital technology age(Şener et al.,2015)

. In current

digital age, constructivistics theory is the fundamental

element that cannot be separated from character

education and scientific attitudes in this digital

technology age phenomenon

. According to this view,

this theory believes that all human activities are

impacted by environmental interactions. The

environment is a person's main source of learning (H.

Dadang Supardan, 2016). Some views say that

constructivism can change a person's character, and

make that character dominant to their characters (P.

Pannen, Dina Mustafa, & Mustika Sekarwinahyu,

2001). This point tells to us that constructivistics

theories and scientific attitudes require us to be able

to distinguish between environmental influences and

scientific attitudes that arise fromdigital technology.

In the past, a few of people would be happy if they

met privately in certain situations and conditions.

Since people have problems that person will be asked

to meet directly with that person

. In our digital age,

these things rarely find. This will become a problem

for society in maintaining integrity and harmony of

society, if these matters are not addressed with a

scientific attitude

.Based on the discussion above, it

was observed that Indonesians' use of digital media is

depend on their civility in the digital space, as

measured by the Microsoft Digital Civility Index

(DCI), Indonesia may be told a country which it ranks

out of 32 countries for its poor utilization of

digital technology as media (UNICEF, 2021);

Microsoft, 2020; Ekklesia, 2022).

The scientific attitude in the digital era is no

longer a global issue or phenomenon, but it has

become asocietal problem, so it is no one has been

able to provide a solution to this phenomenon

. The

finding of this study clearly showed that scientific

attitudes towards the digital age 5.0 are:

3.1 Scientific Attitude in Giving

Opinions

One of the foundations of democracy is freedom of

expression. Giving an opinion is the right of every

human being. As a component of a democracy-based

political system, freedom of speech has been

protected by the law. However,in reality,we still see

the general public using the term freedom of

expression which is far from expectations(Triyanto,

2020). This is based on the symptoms that are easily

expressed to other people in contemporary culture

through digital or technological tools, without taking

into account the symptoms themselves (Turnip &

Siahaan, 2021). It is possible to develop critical

thinking abilities by adopting the following four

principles: a) store truth rather than argument; b) give

priority to thinking insight; and c) use several sources

of information.

3.2 Scientific Attitude in Providing

Information as Digital Technology

Age

There is a view in society that it is possible to provide

any information to other people. Paisal. M, et al

(2021) said that technology infomation had led of the

people to live easily with the different goal. Scientific

attitudegiven others may be quite good(Amrillah et

al., 2020). However, the problem that occurs is

providing information without seeing the truth of the

information, so they tend to believe that the

information is correct. This trend occurs in society in

the current digital age(Baltaci, 2022).Not a few of our

people provide information without look into the

truth, authentic and legitimacy of the information.

Based on the points above, a scientific attitude should

Character Education: The Scientiﬁc Attitudes in the Digital Technology Era 5.0: Constructivism Theoretical Approach

171

a) prioritize the truth of information rather than

information needs, b) prioritize data and facts, c) seek

the validity of news from experts, d) increase the

values of communication literacy, e)to seek

information from reliable sources.

3.3 Scientific Attitude in Curiosity for

Other Information

Curiosity is one of the qualities shared by human

(Buckingham & Buckingham, 2020). The curiosity of

humans then gave birth to thinkers or philosophers of

scientific study(Babiker, 2015). However, this reality

is beyond what was expected. The scientific attitude

that should be born in this case is human curiosity in

scientific or knowledge. The fact that we see proves

that human curiosity is more about other people's

problems and other people's ugliness (Turnip &

Siahaan, 2021). The scientific attitude that a person

should have, namely: a) viewing knowledge as part of

the experience, education and teaching, b) knowledge

is a medium for discovering other knowledge with the

argument of scientific, c) believing that everyone has

secrets that should not be shared.

3.4 Scientific Attitude Within the Limits

of Digital Technology Capabilities

In our digital age, awareness and self-control of

things in this digital era are highly demanded. Digital

may be said it is a media. It means that it expects to

help all forms of material needs and financial needs.

Digital media is a means of media for itsusers to

communicate without being limited by space and

time(Ergado, 2019). However, these digital

capabilities have weaknesses and short comings that

everyone should be aware of. This deficiency can be

seen from the lack of honesty and understanding of a

matter. Based on this level, the scientific nature of a

person is: a) digital gives space and time to anyone

who uses it without meeting face to face, b) digital

bridges one's needs with more practical, c) reveals

that social peace is not always possible in the digital

world, d) digital provides a narrow space for honesty,

e) destroys a feeling of family; and digital f) creates

opportunity for criminal activity.

3.5 Scientific Attitude in Using Digital

Technology as Media

Digital technology as media during the age of

digitalism, its use was paid more attention to the

accuracy of conditions and situations(Maharani,

2022); Turnip & Siahaan, 2021). This phenomenon is

a rare thing for some people to understand. The habit

of people utilizing digital technology as media is

more to its practical use. Everything can be done

using a digital-based application. This of course will

lead to low patient nature, more want to be achieved

quickly. The idea that learning is a process is at odds

with phenomena. The process will lead someone to

master a certain field, and with the process experience

and mastery of knowledge will be better. Based on

this point, we can adopt a scientific attitude, namely:

a) digital technology as media is a communication

tool that is conditioned in certain situations, b) digital

technology as media provides an opportunity to know

something, but learning through the process will be

better, c) digital technology offers conveniences for

its users, but social harmony will be improve by

always meeting offline, d) there is a sense of

dependence on the use of digital technology media to

create fulfilment of information needs.

One explanation for this phenomenon in our

society in Indonesia is a scientific attitude in

actualizing the functions, benefits, and goals of digital

social media requires a deep understanding of the

value of humanity and the value of respecting a

person. It is meant that putting one self in the position

of another person.

4 CONCLUSION

This research was limited by the fact that character

formis part of the attitude that describes a person's

activities in routines. Digital technology age provides

opportunities for human activities to more practical

things, and put aside process matters. A scientific

attitude should be built since humans ware familiar

with digital technology as the media to connecting by

the other activity and people around them. It is an

effort to prioritize human values. Digital technology

age is built with the power of humanity that is

assimilated by culture, custom, religion, norms,

politics, society and education. Thought this, a

scientific attitude is developed, it is called digital

consciousness. And with this phenomenon, parties

who feel they have the authority and power to restore

the digital field in aspects, namely: a) a scientific

attitude in giving opinions, b) a scientific attitude in

providing information, c) a scientific attitude in being

curious about information others, d) scientific attitude

within limited digital capabilities, and e) scientific

attitude in using digital media.

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172

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Acknowledgement is to the lecturers of the Faculty

Teacher’s Training and Education Universitas

Asahan who have contributed ideas, and input for the

perfection of this article. The same thing is said for

the students of the FKIP-UNA English education

study program who have helped in collecting the

necessary data to complete the perfection of this

article.

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