The Effectiveness of using English Animation Apps to Improve

Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at Grade V of Elementary School

Yosa Novia Dewi

, Eka Melati

, Khidayatul Munawwaroh

, Sadjiran

and

Sherly Franchisca

Universitas Putra Indonesia Yptk Padang, Jl.Raya Lubuk Begalung Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

Institut Teknologi Mitra Gama, Jl. Kayangan no 99, Duri, Riau, Indonesia

Universitas Batanghari, Jl. Slamet Riyadi, Broni-Jambi, Indonesia

Universitas Ekasakti, Jl. Veteran Dalam No.26 B Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

Keywords: English Animation Apps, Vocabulary, Elementary School, Student, Effectiveness.

Abstract: A vocabulary is a repertoire of words that forms the basis for a person to be able to speak. A person's English

skills depend on the quantity and quality of his/her vocabulary. However, learning and remembering

vocabulary is not easy for primary school students. This is because English is not a language that is commonly

used daily. So a learning media is needed that can help students in learning English vocabulary. English

Animation Apps is an application that contains animated videos that can be used by students as a means of

learning English vocabulary. This application is a child-friendly application because children can learn while

playing, so learning does not become boring. This study is an experimental research that aims to measure the

effectiveness of using English Animation Apps to improve the mastery of English vocabulary of grade 5

elementary school students. The students were invited to learn English by using animations in the form of

games and light exercises. Furthermore, students were given pre and post-tests that would assess the

improvement of English vocabulary mastery. The students are taught to remember several vocabulary words

and simple grammar. The vocabulary in this study is measured into 4 aspects, namely: verb vocabulary, noun

vocabulary, adjective vocabulary, and adverb vocabulary. The results showed that the application of English

Animation Apps can improve students' mastery of English vocabulary.

1 INTRODUCTION

The language of English is one of the most important

international languages that should be mastered by

the Indonesian generation to be able to compete in the

era of digitalization. English has even been taught

since children were in primary education. English has

even been included in the school curriculum as one of

the languages that must be learned (Dewi, Zaim, and

Rozimela 2022). People express themselves through

language. It is used to share their ideas, emotions, and

opinions with others in addition to expressing them

(Karnedi and Utami 2022)

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-0478

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-0644

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0926-5078

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-7097

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-3368

However, the results of EF (Education First)

research in 2016 on English language skills show that

Indonesia ranks 32nd out of 72 countries studied with

a score of 52.94 or in the middle ability level

category. This score is lower than 3 other ASEAN

countries, namely Singapore in 6th place (score 63.52

with a very high proficiency level), Malaysia in 12th

place (score 60.70 with high proficiency level), and

the Philippines in 13th place (score 60.33 with very

high proficiency level). Even Indonesia's English

proficiency score is lower than Vietnam, which is one

level above Indonesia's or 31st (score 54.06). This

proves that it takes hard work from various parties to

increase the level of English proficiency of the

206

Novia Dewi, Y., Melati, E., Munawwaroh, K., Sadjiran, S. and Franchisca, S.

The Effectiveness of Using English Animation Apps to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at Grade V of Elementary School.

DOI: 10.5220/0012198600003738

Paper published under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education (ICoIE 4 2022) - Digital Era Education After the Pandemic, pages 206-212

ISBN: 978-989-758-669-9; ISSN: 2975-9676

Indonesian population to at least a high category

level.

As an effort to improve students' ability in

English, English subjects are directed to develop four

skills that must be mastered, namely listening,

speaking, reading, and writing. Furthermore, the key

for these four skills to develop well is the mastery of

vocabulary in English (Azizah 2020).

Vocabulary is the vocabulary of a language

(Sayekti 2015). A person's vocabulary mastery can

affect the way they communicate, if their vocabulary

mastery is good, then someone will find it easier to

arrange words into sentences than people with poor

vocabulary mastery. Vocabulary should be taught

from the basic level to give more time to learning

English (Pitriana and Syahrudin 2013).

Adequate vocabulary mastery can determine the

quality of a person in language. Without sufficient

knowledge of English vocabulary, students will not

be able to convey or receive messages effectively.

Vocabulary learning must be done effectively,

namely contextual vocabulary learning, learning that

is following communication objectives, learning that

is meaningful in everyday life, and carried out

actively, creatively, and fun (Septina, Hasyim, and

Sukirlan 2015).

Vocabulary is the basic element that a student

should master before learning a language (Muhyidin

2018). If the vocabulary is not sufficiently mastered,

the idea cannot be conveyed. The students should

know the meaning of the vocabulary, be able to spell

the vocabulary appropriately, be able to use the

vocabulary appropriately in the sentence, and be able

to pronounce it appropriately. Some problems in

mastering vocabulary in students are very diverse

ranging from errors in spelling, pronunciation, and

choosing the right words in writing and speaking

(Muhyidin 2018).

A vocabulary is a word treasury that is the basis

for a person to be able to speak, a person's language

skills depend on the quantity and quality of his/her

vocabulary (Suryana and Septian 2019). However,

learning and remembering a large vocabulary is not

easy.

Therefore, a learning media is needed that can

help students in learning vocabulary. The use of

media or tools is very helpful in learning activities,

especially in improving student learning outcomes

(Rindawati, Thamrin, and Lusi 2022).

Nowadays, the advancement and sophistication of

technology put all affairs at the fingers of humans,

known as the cyber world. Wise and innovative

utilization of technology can help increase students'

interest in learning English. Therefore, learning

media in the form of applications is needed to make

learning activities more interesting that not only use

visuals but also audiovisuals. Zaim (2016),

innovative learning media can be produced by

utilizing technology. Technology-based learning

media has the potential to transform the traditional

classroom into an infinite world of imaginary

environments. Students can learn independently so

that they can learn anytime and anywhere without the

need for intense guidance from the teacher. The

students were able to use and learn English easily and

efficiently.

Technological developments have produced a

variety of smartphones that provide a variety of

innovative and creative features, one of which is

Android. Android is an operating system for mobile

phones (mobile phones) that is assisted by Linuk.

Android is a mobile device that includes an operating

system, middleware, and key applications. Android

provides an open platform for developers to create

their applications for use by various mobile devices,

by providing an open platform, android developers

offer the ability to build very rich and innovative

applications (Purnamasari and Wiranatha 2014)

Through the development of this technology, it

provides an opportunity for learning to be carried out

using the Android platform in helping students'

understanding and fluency in learning English.

(Purnamasari and Wiranatha 2014) explains that

Android is an operating system for Linux-assisted

mobile devices that includes an operating system,

middleware, and applications released by Google.

Android is provided openly (open source) so that

developers freely develop applications. The nature of

the Android free platform makes it easy for users to

freely create applications with no royalties to pay, no

membership, no testing fees, and no contracts

required and can be freely distributed in various

forms.

There are three types of learning media used by

educators in classroom learning: auditive, visual, and

audiovisual. From the aspect of cognitive

development, audiovisual learning media is the right

media to use at primary school age. Piaget's cognitive

development theory explains that the age of 7-11

years is called the concrete operational phase, which

is a phase that is characterized by the limited ability

of children to understand things that are not concrete

or abstract. The learning process, especially for

children, is not easy because most children are not

able to focus when learning. Another difficulty for

children in learning is due to the tendency of

children's learning patterns that prefer to play is also

very influential so theoretical learning alone is not

The Effectiveness of Using English Animation Apps to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at Grade V of Elementary School

207

optimal for learning English in children. In addition,

English is not a language that is used daily by children

and parents, so they are not used to capturing what the

teacher says and pronouncing the pronunciation in

English. This results in the length of time that

children need to be able to communicate using

English.

Hence, the use of audiovisual media is the right

choice for them as the benefits and advantages of

audiovisual media are mentioned earlier. Audiovisual

media can make learning more meaningful, varied,

and interesting, and enrich the learning experience of

students (Fatmawati 2021).

Audiovisual learning media is one form of

animated video. English Animation Apps is an

application that contains animated videos that can be

used by students as a means of learning English

vocabulary. This app is a child-friendly app because

children can learn while playing, so learning does not

become boring. Play is a means of learning for

children. Through play, children are invited to

explore, discover, utilize, and draw conclusions about

the objects around them. This makes a breakthrough

as an educational or training program packaged in the

concept of entertainment a solution in the learning

process so that every child is almost unaware that they

are being invited to learn.

The learning video that is packaged interestingly

is one of the efforts to increase students' interest in

learning, especially in memorizing English

vocabulary. In the learning process, the media used

must be able to attract children's attention so that it

can foster learning motivation, teaching materials

will be clearer in meaning so that they can be better

understood by children and allow children to better

master teaching objectives, and teaching methods

will be more varied, not merely verbal

communication through words by the teacher so that

children are not bored and teachers do not run out of

energy (Marlianingsih, 2016).

Therefore, this research is important to measure

the effectiveness of using English Animation Apps in

improving the English vocabulary of primary school

students.

2 METHOD

A focus on recognizing different techniques is placed

between quantitative and qualitative research

(Karnedi, Zaim, and Mukhaiyar 2021). This is

quantitative research. Data collection focused on the

respondents' profile, English vocabulary acquisition,

and English language skills before and after the

application of English Animation Apps. This research

was conducted in the year 2021 on the 5th-grade

elementary school students a total of 120 students

who came from 4 schools in Padang Pariaman

Regency.

The data in this research consisted of primary

data. Primary data was collected through pretest,

posttest, and student observation.

Data processing used Microsoft Excel version

2010. Data were inputted, cleaned, and tabulated,

then categorized. After that, the data was analyzed

using quantitative analysis.

Testing the effectiveness of using English

Animation Apps in improving students' English

vocabulary and language skills was obtained using a

data collector in the form of a test. (Riduwan 2006)

define a test as a data collection instrument as a series

of questions/exercises used to measure knowledge

skills, intelligence, abilities, or talents possessed by

individuals/groups. The test was conducted in the

effectiveness test in the form of a pre-test and post-

test using the development product in the form of

multiple choice.

The objective test in the form of multiple-choice

items is known as an objective test in the form of

multiple-choice items. The pre-test and post-test

instruments to measure English vocabulary mastery

consist of items that will assess students' vocabulary

mastery in verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

Primary school students' English proficiency was

measured by simple questions covering 4 (four)

aspects of proficiency, namely: listening, speaking,

writing, and reading.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This research is a type of experimental research that

aims to measure the effectiveness of using English

Animation Apps to improve vocabulary mastery in

English for grade 5 elementary school students. The

students are invited to learn English by using

animations in the form of games and light exercises.

Furthermore, students were given pre and post-tests

that would assess the improvement of vocabulary

acquisition and English language skills.

This research is interesting to do because

technological developments make it easier for

students to learn English. Advances in technology

have produced a variety of interactive media,

especially in the form of applications. Various

applications are intended for all groups, from school-

age children to adults. Children can use the app as a

fun learning tool. Various studies have been

ICoIE 4 2022 - The Fourth International Conference on Innovation in Education

208

conducted to measure the effectiveness of learning

using this technology.

Some of these studies show that learning that

integrates technology and information in practice can

build students' interest and improve their ability in

learning. This is because the development of the

digital world makes students either directly or will

follow the development.

Huang (2018) developed an English language

learning system using an Android (smartphone)

application. The purpose of this research and

development is to create a learning environment that

can learn anywhere and anytime. The results of his

research show that the designed application attracts

students' interest in learning English. In addition,

students' English skills also improved after using this

application, especially listening skills.

In the Indonesian Minister of National Education

Regulation No. 22, the Year 2006 concerning Content

Standards for Primary and Secondary Education

Units, there are three scopes in English subjects,

namely: (1) Discourse skills, namely the ability to

understand and/or produce oral and/or written texts

that are realized in four language skills namely

listening, speaking, reading, and writing in an

integrated manner to achieve a certain level of

literacy. The four skills are used to respond to or

create discourse in social life. Therefore, English

subjects are directed to develop these skills so that

graduates can communicate and discourse in English

at a certain literacy level; (2) The ability to understand

and create a variety of short functional texts and

monologues as well as shaped essays. The gradation

of teaching materials appears in the use of

vocabulary, grammar, and rhetorical steps; and (3)

Supporting competencies, namely linguistic

competence, sociocultural competence, strategic

competence, and discourse-forming competence

(DEPDIKNAS, 2004).

The sample in this research is 120 grade 5

elementary school students consisting of 70% female

students and 30% male students. Female students are

more than male students.

Figure 1: Percentage of Respondents based on Gender.

The English language has a lot of complex and

irregular vocabulary and spellings. This is due to the

fusion of various words from different languages.

However, in this study, students were taught to

memorize several vocabulary and simple grammar. A

vocabulary usually starts with things seen around. For

example, animals, number sequences, fruits, and so

on.

The important thing in developing English in

children is by introducing vocabulary. The

vocabulary introduced to children can start with

things that are very close to children's lives, for

example, verbs, names of body parts, names of fruits,

names of animals, and others (Salsabilah 2020).

Rahmawati (2013) explains that in using learning

methods and media to develop children's English

vocabulary, it is also important to combine it with

games. This is because playing for children is a fun

activity. If in the past playing was done in the

classroom and the field using only conventional

media, then the innovation that can be created today

is by utilizing media that is under the conditions of

modern times today.

Figure 2 shows that there is an improvement in

students' English vocabulary mastery after the

application of English Animation Apps. Vocabulary

mastery in this study is measured in 4 aspects,

namely: verb vocabulary, noun vocabulary, adjective

vocabulary, and adverb vocabulary.

The pretest score showed that the average score of

students' English vocabulary acquisition before the

use of English Animation Apps was 31.5 points, with

details: verb (30 points), noun (35 points), adjective

(30 points), and adverb (30 points). Meanwhile, after

the use of English Animation Apps, there was an

increase in students' mastery of English vocabulary

by 31.5 points. The average score of students' posttest

is 62.5 points, with details: verb (60 points), noun (65

points), adjective (60 points), and adverb (60 points).

Figure 2: Score of Students’ Vocabulary Mastery.

70%

30%

Women Men

30 30

31,5

65 65

62,5

30 30

31,5

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Average

Pretest Posttest Difference

The Effectiveness of Using English Animation Apps to Improve Students’ Vocabulary Mastery at Grade V of Elementary School

209

The results are similar to the research of Suryana

and Septian (2019) who applied the Let's Learn

English application to children aged 5-12 years. This

android-based Let's Learn English application

consists of 6 basic English vocabulary training

materials regarding colors, numbers, fruits, letters,

fruits, animals, and objects. The application is also

accompanied by exercises and evaluations to measure

children's understanding. This application is

supported by images, sounds, and animations that are

expected to attract children's interest in learning. The

results of the application evaluation show that this

application can improve learners' understanding of

the material about basic English vocabulary with the

application of fun interactive learning.

Furthermore, the results also show that more than

90% of students feel happy learning English

vocabulary using English Animation Apps. This

result is reinforced by the observation which shows

that students seem enthusiastic in learning English.

More than 80% of students were active during

learning.

In addition to English vocabulary mastery, this

study also measured students' English language

ability after the use of English Animation Apps.

Students' English proficiency was measured using

pretest and posttest instruments. These pre-test and

post-test instruments consist of questions that will

assess students' English skills in 4 (four) aspects,

namely: listening, speaking, writing, and reading. The

questions in these 4 aspects relate to simple things in

everyday life.

language skills in the curriculum at school usually

include four aspects, namely speaking, listening,

reading, and writing skills. Each skill is closely

related to the other three skills in various ways. The

four skills are one unit, commonly referred to as a

game of single chess. Furthermore, each skill is also

closely related to the thought processes that underlie

language. A person's language reflects his or her

thoughts. The more skillful a person is in language,

the brighter and clearer his or her way of thinking.

Skills can only be mastered through practice and

training.

The assessment of English language learning is an

activity to measure learners' mastery of English and

to obtain information on the extent to which the

indicators of success that have been formulated have

appeared in learners' English language behavior. The

results of the assessment can be communicated to

learners qualitatively, in the form of descriptions of

their language behavior, or quantitatively, in the form

of grades, or both. Whatever the form, assessment is

an integral part of learning activities and should have

a positive impact on the development of target

competencies. Thus, assessment is conducted

throughout the learning process (Panjaitan 2010).

Meanwhile, (Bachman 1990) terms

communicative skills with the term language ability,

which is a construct that should be measured in

language tests. Thus, learning must be directed

towards mastering the competence of the four

language skills so that graduates can communicate.

For example, for speaking skills, learning is directed

at developing learners' competence in performing

speech acts such as opening a conversation,

maintaining it, closing a conversation, asking for

help, greeting, expressing joy, apologizing, inviting,

and so on in a particular context. For writing skills,

learning is directed at developing learners' ability to

perform communication (rhetorical) steps, such as

elaborating, adding, sharpening ideas, and

concluding.

Figure 3 shows that the pretest scores indicate that

the average score of students' English language skills

before the use of English Animation Apps was 15

points, with details: listening skills (10 points),

speaking skills (15 points), writing skills (30 points),

and reading skills (20 points). Meanwhile, after the

use of English Animation Apps, there was an increase

in students' English language skills by 17.5 points.

The average student posttest score is 32.5 points, with

details: listening ability (25 points), speaking ability

(30 points), writing ability (35 points), and reading

ability (40 points). This means that the use of English

Animation Apps can improve the English language

skills of elementary school students.

These results are in line with the results of

research by (Leong and Ahmadi 2017) who

conducted research related to factors that affect

students' English language skills, especially in

speaking. The results showed that English language

ability is influenced by several factors including

students' interest in learning English, teachers'

teaching methods, teaching materials and learning

media used by teachers, and students' level of practice

in speaking English. Teachers should be able to

increase students' confidence in speaking English so

that students feel more comfortable. In addition,

interactive learning materials can improve students'

ability to speak English. This is because students can

learn and practice English with more fun.

Furthermore, the results of Salsabilah's research

(2020) also show that the use of English educational

video games can help children increase their English

vocabulary. In addition, the use of English video

games can attract interest and increase children's

ICoIE 4 2022 - The Fourth International Conference on Innovation in Education

210

interaction in learning so that the introduction of

English vocabulary will be more effective.

Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the

material, duration, ability level, and specificity of the

children.

It can be done by introducing English vocabulary

to children about things that are closest to the child's

life through English educational games. This can

make children interested and not easily forgotten by

children. Through English educational video games

by considering children's distinctiveness, language

development, and language acquisition theory, it can

be an effective way to develop children's English

vocabulary.

Figure 3: Score of Students’ English ability.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Some of the problems in mastering vocabulary in

students are diverse ranging from errors in spelling,

pronunciation, and choosing the right words in

writing and speaking. This is because English has a

lot of complex and irregular vocabulary and spelling.

However, in this study, students were taught to

memorize several vocabulary and simple grammar. A

vocabulary usually starts with things seen around. For

example, animals, number sequences, fruits, and so

on. Vocabulary mastery in this study is measured in 4

aspects, namely: verb vocabulary, noun vocabulary,

adjective vocabulary, and adverb vocabulary.

Advances in technology have produced various

interactive media, especially in the form of

applications. Various applications are intended for all

groups, from school-age children to adults. Children

can use apps as a fun learning tool. Various studies

have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of

learning using this technology.

Some of the research results above show that

learning that integrates technology and information in

practice can build students' interest and improve their

ability in learning. This is because the development

of the digital world makes students either directly or

will follow these developments.

Testing the effectiveness of using English

Animation Apps in improving students' English

vocabulary and language skills was obtained using a

data collector in the form of a test. The pre-test and

post-test instruments to measure English vocabulary

mastery consist of questions that will assess students'

vocabulary mastery in verbs, nouns, adjectives, and

adverbs. Meanwhile, the English language skills of

primary school students were measured from simple

questions covering 4 (four) aspects of ability, namely:

listening, speaking, writing, and reading.

The research results show that there is an increase

in students' English vocabulary mastery after the

application of English Animation Apps. The pretest

score showed that the average score of students'

English vocabulary acquisition before the use of

English Animation Apps was 31.5 points. The

average post-test score was 62.5 points. This means

that after the use of English Animation Apps, there

was an increase in students' mastery of English

vocabulary by 31.5 points.

The results also showed that more than 90% of

students felt happy learning English vocabulary using

English Animation Apps. This result was reinforced

by the observation which showed that students

seemed enthusiastic in learning English. More than

80% of students are active during learning.

Further, the results also show that the use of

English Animation Apps can improve the English

language skills of primary school students. The

average score of students' English proficiency before

the use of English Animation Apps.

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